scholarly journals Ultrathin Metal Hydroxide/Oxide Nanowires: Crystal Growth, Self-Assembly, and Fabrication for Optoelectronic Applications

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gayani Pathiraja ◽  
Hemali Rathnayake
Keyword(s):  
Crystal Growth ◽  
Transition Metal Oxides ◽  
Self Assembly ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Oriented Attachment ◽  
Future Perspective ◽  
Interparticle Interactions ◽  
Optoelectronic Applications ◽  
The Cost

The fundamental understanding of transition metal oxides nanowires’ crystal growth to control their anisotropy is critical for their applications in miniature devices. However, such studies are still in the premature stage. From an industrial point of view, the most exciting and challenging area of devices today is having the balance between the performance and the cost. Accordingly, it is essential to pay attention to the controlled cost-effective and greener synthesis of ultrathin TMOS NWs for industrial optoelectronic applications. This chapter provides a comprehensive summary of fundamental principles on the preperation methods to make dimensionality controlled anisotropic nanowires, their crystal growth studies, and optical and electrical properties. The chapter particularly addresses the governing theories of crystal growth processes and kinetics that controls the anisotropy and dimensions of nanowires. Focusing on the oriented attachment (OA) mechanism, the chapter describes the OA mechanism, nanocrystal’s self-assembly, interparticle interactions, and OA-directed crystal growth to improve the state-of-the art kinetic models. Finally, we provide the future perspective of ultrathin TMOS NWs by addressing their current challenges in optoelectronic applications. It is our understanding that the dimension, and single crystallinity of nanowires are the main contributors for building all functional properties, which arise from quasi-1-D confinement of nanowire growth.

scholarly journals Fabrication of ultrathin CuO nanowires augmenting oriented attachment crystal growth directed self-assembly of Cu(OH)2 colloidal nanocrystals

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (7) ◽  
pp. 2897-2906
Author(s):  
Gayani Pathiraja ◽  
Ryan Yarbrough ◽  
Hemali Rathnayake
Keyword(s):  
Crystal Growth ◽  
Self Assembly ◽  
Oriented Attachment ◽  
Colloidal Nanocrystals ◽  
One Dimensional ◽  
Cuo Nanowires ◽  
Self Assembled ◽  
First Time

Augmenting the oriented attachment (OA) crystal growth phenomena, the fabrication of ultrathin CuO nanowires is demonstrated from self-assembled one-dimensional (1D) nanowires of Cu(OH)2 nanocrystals for the first time.

Preparation and Characterization of Nanostructured Silicon for Optoelectronic Applications

2011 ◽  
Vol 1305 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. S. Ryu ◽  
A. Filios ◽  
Y. Paek ◽  
S. Ryu
Keyword(s):  
Band Gap ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Suitable Material ◽  
Quantum Size ◽  
Silicon Sensors ◽  
Optoelectronic Applications ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Silicon Based ◽  
Photovoltaic Solar Cells

ABSTRACTSilicon is by far the most successful material in the microelectronics industry enjoying a well-established fabrication and processing infrastructure. Two of the main challenges in traditional silicon electronic devices are (a) silicon’s relatively small and indirect fundamental energy band-gap, which severely limits optoelectronic applications, and (b) the absence of a suitable material to form a heterojunction barrier on silicon. Silicon based nanostructures are being explored as potential candidates to extent the applications of silicon in optoelectronics, provide for high-speed silicon quantum devices, increase the efficiency and reduce the cost in silicon photovoltaic solar cells, and facilitate cost-effective silicon sensors for biological, environmental, and other applications. Quantum size silicon nanolayers, nanowires, and nanodots embedded in oxide, nitride, and other amorphous matrices may provide an effective barrier for silicon, as well as band-gap engineering and enhanced optical transitions for solar cell and optoelectronic applications.

Wide-area multilayered self-assembly of fluorapatite nanorods vertically oriented on a substrate as a non-classical crystal growth

Nanoscale ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuki Hagiwara ◽  
Yuya Oaki ◽  
Hiroaki Imai
Keyword(s):  
Crystal Growth ◽  
Self Assembly ◽  
Functional Materials ◽  
Oriented Attachment ◽  
Wide Area ◽  
Fundamental Process ◽  
Classical Crystal

Oriented attachment of homogeneously shaped nanoblocks, such as nanocubes and nanorods, is attracting attention as a fundamental process of non-classical crystal growth to produce specific ordered architectures of functional materials....

scholarly journals Cost-utility of Two Minimally-invasive Surgical Techniques for Operable Oropharyngeal Cancer: Transoral Robotic Surgery Versus Transoral Laser Microsurgery

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Enea Parimbelli ◽  
Federico Soldati ◽  
Lorry Duchoud ◽  
John de Almeida ◽  
Martina Broglie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Robotic Surgery ◽  
Minimally Invasive ◽  
Surgical Techniques ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Cost Utility ◽  
Transoral Robotic Surgery ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Transoral Laser Microsurgery ◽  
Minimally Invasive Surgical ◽  
The Cost

Abstract Background:In the past few decades, a re-evaluation of treatment paradigms of head and neck cancers with a desire to spare patients the treatment-related toxicities of open surgery, has led to the development of new minimally invasive surgical techniques to improve outcomes. Besides Transoral Laser Microsurgery (TLM), a new robotic surgical technique namely Transoral Robotic Surgery (TORS) emerged for the first time as one of the two most prominent and widely used minimally invasive surgical approaches particularly for the treatment of oropharyngeal cancer, a sub-entity of head and neck cancers. Recent population-level data suggest equivalent tumor control, but different total costs, and need for adjuvant chemoradiation. A comparative analysis of these two techniques is therefore warranted from the cost-utility (C/U) point of view.Methods:Decision-analytical model for comparing TORS and TLM from the cost-utility (C/U) point of view.Results: In the base case analysis TLM dominates TORS. This advantage remains robust, even if the costs for TORS reduce by up to 25%. TORS begins to dominate TLM, if less than 59,7% patients require adjuvant treatment, whereby in an interval between 55%-62% cost effectiveness of TORS is sensitive to the prescription of adjuvant CRT. Exceeding 29% of TLM patients requiring a revision of surgical margins renders TORS more cost-effective.Conclusion: Non-robotic endoscopic surgery (TLM) is more cost-effective than robotic endoscopic surgery (TORS) for the treatment of oropharyngeal cancers. However, this advantage is sensitive to various parameters, i.e.to the number of re-operations and adjuvant treatment.

scholarly journals O impacto econômico dos serviços farmacêuticos na assistência à saúde de pacientes portadores de hipertensão: uma revisão sistemática

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 66-77
Author(s):  
José Ítalo Melo ◽  
◽  
Ana Carolina Matos ◽  
Rodrigo Pinto ◽  
Gabriel Freitas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effective ◽  
Pharmaceutical Services ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Outpatient Clinics ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Exclusion Criteria ◽  
Economic Point ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Impacto Económico

Objective: To gather and synthesize current evidence that evaluates Pharmaceutical Services in hypertension, from an economic point of view. Methods: A systematic review of articles published from 2009 to September 2020 in PubMed, Scopus, Lilacs and Cochrane was carried out, following PRISMA guideline. Two reviewers screened and selected independently of the studies, extracted the data and assessed the risk of bias. Results: 2,223 articles excluding duplicates were found in the databases. After analyzing the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 12 studies were included, 8 were experimental and 4 were observational. The PS was performed in community pharmacies, outpatient clinics and hospitals, with interventions performed only by pharmacists or in collaboration with other professionals. Most of the interventions were cost-effective, improving clinical parameters and improving the quality of life. Only one intervention did not show significant results in relation to usual care. Conclusion: PS have been associated with positive economic impacts and interventions have significantly reduced direct medical costs. However, there is a need to develop more robust research, such as randomized and controlled studies, in order to allow a more assertive assessment regarding the cost-effectiveness of pharmaceutical services

scholarly journals Which Vaccine? The Cost of Religious Freedom in Vaccination Policy

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alberto Giubilini ◽  
Julian Savulescu ◽  
Dominic Wilkinson
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effective ◽  
Development Stage ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Vaccination Policy ◽  
Religious Groups ◽  
Testing Stage ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Public Health Strategies ◽  
To Receive ◽  
Foetal Cell

AbstractWe discuss whether and under what conditions people should be allowed to choose which COVID-19 vaccine to receive on the basis of personal ethical views. The problem arises primarily with regard to some religious groups’ concerns about the connection between certain COVID-19 vaccines and abortion. Vaccines currently approved in Western countries make use of foetal cell lines obtained from aborted foetuses either at the testing stage (Pfizer/BioNTech and Moderna vaccines) or at the development stage (Oxford/AstraZeneca vaccine). The Catholic Church’s position is that, if there are alternatives, Catholic people have a moral obligation to request the vaccine whose link with abortion is more remote, which at present means that they should refuse the Oxford/AstraZeneca vaccine. We argue that any consideration regarding free choice of the vaccine should apply to religious and non-religious claims alike, in order to avoid religion-based discrimination. However, we also argue that, in a context of limited availability, considering the significant differences in costs and effectiveness profile of the vaccines available, people should only be allowed to choose the preferred vaccine if: 1) this does not risk compromising vaccination strategies; and 2) they internalize any additional cost that their choice might entail. The State should only subsidize the vaccine that is more cost-effective for any demographic group from the point of view of public health strategies.

scholarly journals Tanulók- és sportolók motoros-képességeinek fejlesztése és felmérése labdás játékok esetén

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zsófia Keller ◽  
Róbert Szűcs
Keyword(s):  
Web Application ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Ease Of Use ◽  
Raspberry Pi ◽  
Physical Educators ◽  
Effective Implementation ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Object Frame

Kutatásunk célja egy olyan komplex hardver- szoftverrendszer létrehozása volt, amelynek segítségével megállapítható a technika elsajátításának hatékonysága labdás játékok esetén például egy kézilabdázó dobási pontosságának és dobóerejének mérése révén. A szemből és oldalnézetből készített felvételek alapján, a mozgó objektum képkockánkénti elmozdulásából számítható a labda sebessége és pozíciója a képelemzés eszközeinek segítségével. Különös figyelmet fordítottunk az eszköz költséghatékony megvalósítására, valamint fontosnak tartottuk az egyszerű kezelhetőséget a telepítés és a mérés folyamán egyaránt. Mindezt a megfelelő hardver és szoftver technológiák kiválasztásán túl az is biztosítja, hogy nem igényel külön hardver eszközt a kezelése, mivel az edzők vagy a testnevelők saját mobileszközükről férhetnek hozzá a rendszer szolgáltatásaihoz. Az egyszerű kezelhetőséget a telepítés és a mérés folyamán egyaránt szem előtt tartottuk. Ez a technológia mind módszertani szempontból, mind motivációs eszközként is figyelmet érdemel, akár edzéseken, akár az iskolai testnevelés órákon. A fenti szempontok figyelembevételével a Raspberry Pi 3B+, a hozzá csatlakozó Raspberry Pi Camera V2-es modelljére (Raspberry Pi) és az ESP32 Cam-ra (ESP32), mint hardver komponensekre esett a választásunk. A kezelőfelületet pedig egy webes alkalmazás biztosítja, amelyen keresztül megfelelő hitelesítési folyamatot követően elérhetők a rendszer szolgáltatásai. ----- Developement and measurement of ballplayers’ motoric skills ----- Our research aimed to create a complex hardware-software system that can be used to determine the effectiveness of the technique in ball games, for example by measuring the throwing accuracy and throwing power of a handball player. Based on the shots taken from the front and side views, the speed and position of the ball can be calculated from the displacement of the moving object frame by frame using image analysis tools. We paid special attention to the cost-effective implementation of the device, and we considered it important to be easy to use during both installation and measurement. In addition to selecting the right hardware and software technologies, this is ensured by the fact that it does not require a separate hardware device to manage, as coaches or physical educators can access the system's services from their mobile devices. Ease of use was kept in mind during both installation and measurement. This technology deserves attention both from a methodological point of view and as a motivational tool, whether in training or school physical education classes. Considering the above considerations, we chose the Raspberry Pi 3B+ with a Raspberry Pi Camera V2 model and the ESP32 Cam as hardware components. The user interface is provided by a web application through which the system services can be accessed after a proper authentication process.

Sources of Productivity Gains in Office Automation

1980 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jerome I. Elkind
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effective ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Work Flow ◽  
Office Worker ◽  
Worker Productivity ◽  
Flow Processes ◽  
Wide Scale ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Productivity Gains ◽  
Office Systems

The cost and availability of office information workers are becoming increasingly important problems at the professional-managerial as well as at the secretarial-clerical level. Electronics and computer technologies are rapidly approaching the point at which cost effective systems for improving office worker productivity are becoming feasible for wide scale use. These systems make possible, and in fact, encourage, simplification of the work flow processes within the office, and this simplification is a major source of productivity gains. Results from studies with advanced office systems in a professional environment will be discussed in this paper from the point of view of the process changes that they cause and the productivity gains that resulted.

The IBM-PC in electron microscopy

1996 ◽  
Vol 54 ◽  
pp. 612-613
Author(s):  
James F. Mancuso
Keyword(s):  
Head Start ◽  
Image Acquisition ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Financial Applications ◽  
Number Of Factors ◽  
Instrument Control ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Training And Support ◽  
Control Image ◽  
Ibm Pc

IBM PC compatible computers are widely used in microscopy for applications ranging from control to image acquisition and analysis. The choice of IBM-PC based systems over competing computer platforms can be based on technical merit alone or on a number of factors relating to economics, availability of peripherals, management dictum, or simple personal preference.IBM-PC got a strong “head start” by first dominating clerical, document processing and financial applications. The use of these computers spilled into the laboratory where the DOS based IBM-PC replaced mini-computers. Compared to minicomputer, the PC provided a more for cost-effective platform for applications in numerical analysis, engineering and design, instrument control, image acquisition and image processing. In addition, the sitewide use of a common PC platform could reduce the cost of training and support services relative to cases where many different computer platforms were used. This could be especially true for the microscopists who must use computers in both the laboratory and the office.

Sonographically guided, transcatheter foam sclerotherapy of the great saphenous vein

Phlebologie ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 36 (06) ◽  
pp. 309-312 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Schulz ◽  
M. Jünger ◽  
M. Hahn
Keyword(s):  
Saphenous Vein ◽  
Great Saphenous Vein ◽  
Clinical Stage ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Duplex Sonography ◽  
Foam Sclerotherapy ◽  
Average Loss ◽  
One Year ◽  
The Cost

Summary Objective: The goal of the study was to assess the effectiveness and patient tolerability of single-session, sonographically guided, transcatheter foam sclerotherapy and to evaluate its economic impact. Patients, methods: We treated 20 patients with a total of 22 varicoses of the great saphenous vein (GSV) in Hach stage III-IV, clinical stage C2-C5 and a mean GSV diameter of 9 mm (range: 7 to 13 mm). We used 10 ml 3% Aethoxysklerol®. Additional varicoses of the auxiliary veins of the GSV were sclerosed immediately afterwards. Results: The occlusion rate in the treated GSVs was 100% one week after therapy as demonstrated with duplex sonography. The cost of the procedure was 207.91 E including follow-up visit, with an average loss of working time of 0.6 days. After one year one patient showed clinical signs of recurrent varicosis in the GSV; duplex sonography showed reflux in the region of the saphenofemoral junction in a total of seven patients (32% of the treated GSVs). Conclusion: Transcatheter foam sclerotherapy of the GSV is a cost-effective, safe method of treating varicoses of GSV and broadens the spectrum of therapeutic options. Relapses can be re-treated inexpensively with sclerotherapy.

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