scholarly journals Dietary Intervention to Reduce E. coli Infectious Diarrhea in Young Pigs

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peng Ji ◽  
Xunde Li ◽  
Yanhong Liu
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Intervention ◽  
Infectious Diarrhea ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Young Pigs

scholarly journals Investigation of multidrug-resistant fatal colisepticaemia in weanling pigs

2015 ◽  
Vol 82 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Folorunso O. Fasina ◽  
Dauda G. Bwala ◽  
Evelyn Madoroba
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
South African ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Weanling Pigs ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Young Pigs ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Future Management

Escherichia coli is usually a benign commensal of the gut microflora. However, when E. coli acquires virulence genes it can multiply rapidly and cause disease through colonisation of the intestinal mucosa. Escherichia coli can become a significant pathogen in young pigs. We report an investigation of fatal colisepticaemia in weanling pigs from emerging farms where piglets and weaners were diarrhoeic and the mortality rate ranged between 15% and 70% in each litter. Faecal and tissue samples were processed for histopathology, bacteriology and molecular biology (multiplex and monoplex polymerase chain reaction) and we recovered enteroaggregative multidrug-resistant E. coli producing EAST-1 enterotoxin. An association between poor housing conditions and the observed cases was established and future management programmes were recommended to reduce the impact of such pathogens. Enteroaggregative E. coli is becoming a major problem in the pig industry. It therefore becomes necessary to establish the full impact of E. coli on the South African pig industry and to determine the geographic extent of the problem.

scholarly journals Ruminant Gastrointestinal Cell Proliferation and Clearance of Escherichia coli O157:H7

2000 ◽  
Vol 68 (7) ◽  
pp. 3808-3814 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernadene A. Magnuson ◽  
Margaret Davis ◽  
Suzanna Hubele ◽  
Paula R. Austin ◽  
Indira T. Kudva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Cell Proliferation ◽  
Disease Transmission ◽  
Dietary Intervention ◽  
Distal Colon ◽  
Intestinal Cell ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Finishing Diets ◽  
Human Infections ◽  
Culture Positive

ABSTRACT Human infections with Escherichia coli O157:H7 cause hemorrhagic colitis that can progress to a life-threatening sequelae. The most common mode of disease transmission is ingestion of contaminated bovine food products, and it is well established thatE. coli O157:H7 is a transient member of the bovine microbiota. However, the conditions that induce acquisition and subsequent clearance of this bacterium from the ruminant gastrointestinal tract (GIT) are not understood. Evidence that the rates of epithelial cell proliferation in the lower GIT of cattle are associated with the duration animals remained E. coliO157:H7 culture positive is presented. Cattle with slower rates of intestinal cell proliferation in the cecum and the distal colon were culture positive significantly longer than cohort cattle with faster cell proliferation rates. Cell death rates (apoptotic indices) between the short- and long-term culture-positive animals were not different. Typical grain-based finishing diets and forage-based growing diets did not effect GIT cell proliferation or the duration animals remained E. coli O157:H7 culture positive. To identify a dietary intervention that would effect GIT cell proliferation, we used sheep as a model ruminant. A fasting-refeeding regime that increased the rate of GIT cell proliferation was developed. The fasting-refeeding protocol was used in cattle to test the hypothesis that feeding interventions that increase the rate of GIT cell proliferation induce the clearance of E. coli O157:H7 from the bovine GIT.

scholarly journals Dietary Inclusion of Colicin E1 Is Effective in Preventing Postweaning Diarrhea Caused by F18-Positive Escherichia coli in Pigs

2007 ◽  
Vol 51 (11) ◽  
pp. 3830-3835 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. A. Cutler ◽  
S. M. Lonergan ◽  
N. Cornick ◽  
A. K. Johnson ◽  
C. H. Stahl
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Tumor Necrosis ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Colicin E1 ◽  
Young Pigs ◽  
Weaning Pigs ◽  
Conventional Antibiotics ◽  
Postweaning Diarrhea ◽  
Necrosis Factor

ABSTRACT With worldwide concern over the use of antibiotics in animal agriculture and their contribution to the spread of antibiotic resistance, alternatives to conventional antibiotics are needed. Previous research in our laboratories has shown that colicin E1 is effective against some Escherichia coli strains responsible for postweaning diarrhea (PWD) in vitro. In this study we examined the efficacy of the dietary inclusion of colicin E1 in preventing experimentally induced PWD caused by F18-positive enterotoxigenic E. coli in young pigs. Twenty-four weaned pigs (23 days of age), identified by genotyping to be susceptible to F18-positive E. coli infections, were individually housed and fed diets containing 0, 11, or 16.5 mg colicin E1/kg diet. Two days after the start of the trial, all animals were orally inoculated with 1 × 109 CFU of each of two F18-positive E. coli strains isolated from pigs with PWD. The dietary inclusion of colicin E1 decreased the incidence and severity of PWD caused by F18-positive enterotoxigenic E. coli and improved the growth performance of the piglets. Additionally, the reduced incidence of PWD due to dietary colicin E1, lowered the levels of expression of the genes for interleukin 1β and tumor necrosis factor beta in ileal tissues from these animals. The dietary inclusion of colicin E1 may be an effective alternative to conventional antibiotics in the diets of weaning pigs for the prevention of PWD caused by F18-positive enterotoxigenic E. coli.

Infectious Diarrhea

2012 ◽  
pp. 280-284
Author(s):  
Robert Orenstein
Keyword(s):  
Clostridium Difficile ◽  
Acute Diarrhea ◽  
Diagnosis And Treatment ◽  
Infectious Diarrhea ◽  
E Coli

Acute diarrhea is usually defined as increased volume or looser consistency of stool. Specifically, more than 3 loose stools daily for less than 14 days. The majority of cases are self-limited. There are typically 4 causes for acute infectious diarrhea: noroviruses, diarrheogenic E coli, Clostridium difficile, or other toxins or parasites. Diagnosis and treatment of specific causes are reviewed.

Screening of Infectious Causes of Diarrhea and Genetic Determination of Diarrheagenic E. coli using Multiplex PCR in under 5 Years Children in Egypt

2020 ◽  
Vol EJMM29 (4) ◽  
pp. 27-34
Author(s):  
Yosra M. Hassan ◽  
Saha r M. Khairat ◽  
Nada N. Nawar ◽  
Maha M. Gaafar ◽  
Dina M Hassan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiplex Pcr ◽  
Infectious Diarrhea ◽  
Genetic Determination ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Single Positive ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Stool Specimens ◽  
Genetically Determined ◽  
Microbiological Procedures

Background: Infectious diarrhea represents a life-threatening problem among children in developing countries. Objectives: This work aimed to study bacterial, viral and parasitic causes of acute diarrhea; with genetic determination of diarrheagenic E. coli (DEC) in <5 years children. Methodology: Stool specimens were collected from 206 diarrheal children. Bacterial agents were isolated and identified by standard microbiological procedures. Multiplex PCR was done for genetic determination of DEC subtypes. ELISA was used for detection of viral and parasitic agents. Results: Stool specimens with at least single positive enteropathogen accounted for 98.5% with bacterial, viral and parasitic rates of 98.5%, 42.7% and 25.2%, respectively. Isolated bacteria were DEC (98.5%); Campylobacter (14%), Shigella (3.8%) and Salmonella (1.4%). Rota and Noroviruses showed prevalence of 32.5% and 5.3%, respectively. Conclusion: Infectious diarrhea were mostly due to bacterial agents. DEC and Campylobacter were predominant. EAEC and EPEC were the most genetically determined DEC subtypes.

Effect of orally administered probiotic E. coli strain Nissle 1917 on intestinal mucosal immune cells of healthy young pigs

2006 ◽  
Vol 111 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 239-250 ◽  
Author(s):  
Swantje C. Duncker ◽  
Axel Lorentz ◽  
Bernd Schroeder ◽  
Gerhard Breves ◽  
Stephan C. Bischoff
Keyword(s):  
Immune Cells ◽  
Coli Strain ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Young Pigs

scholarly journals Significance of Heat-Stable and Heat-Labile Enterotoxins in Porcine Colibacillosis in an Additive Model for Pathogenicity Studies

2006 ◽  
Vol 74 (6) ◽  
pp. 3107-3114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weiping Zhang ◽  
Emil M. Berberov ◽  
Jessica Freeling ◽  
D. He ◽  
Rodney A. Moxley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diarrheal Disease ◽  
Bacterial Colonization ◽  
Additive Model ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Heat Stable ◽  
Heat Labile ◽  
Young Pigs ◽  
Gnotobiotic Piglet ◽  
Clone And Express ◽  
The Individual

ABSTRACT Although heat-stable (ST) and heat-labile (LT) enterotoxins produced by enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) have been documented as important factors associated with diarrheal diseases, investigations assessing the contributions of individual enterotoxins to the pathogenesis of E. coli infection have been limited. To address the individual roles of enterotoxins in the diarrheal disease caused by K88-positive ETEC in young pigs, enterotoxin-positive and -negative isogenic E. coli strains were constructed by using pBR322 to clone and express LT and STb. Four strains, K88+ astA, K88+ astA/pBR322, K88+ astA STb+, and K88+ astA LT+, were constructed and subsequently included in gnotobiotic piglet challenge studies, and their pathogenesis was assessed. The results indicated that all K88+ isogenic strains were able to colonize the small intestines of piglets exhibiting the K88 receptor. However, only LT- and STb-positive strains caused appreciable diarrhea. Piglets inoculated with the K88+ astA LT+ strain became dehydrated within 18 h, while those inoculated with the K88+ astA STb+ strain did not, although diarrhea developed in several piglets. The changes in the blood packed-cell volume and plasma total protein of gnotobiotic piglets inoculated with the LT-positive strains were significantly greater than those of pigs inoculated with the K88 astA/pBR322 strain (P = 0.012, P = 0.002). Immunochemistry image analysis also suggested that LT enhanced bacterial colonization in a gnotobiotic piglet model. This investigation suggested that LT is a major contributor to the virulence of K88+ ETEC and that isogenic constructs are a useful tool for studying the pathogenesis of ETEC infection.

scholarly journals The Phenotypic and Genotypic Characteristics of Antibiotic Resistance in Escherichia coli Populations Isolated from Farm Animals with Different Exposure to Antimicrobial Agents

2013 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 173-179 ◽  
Author(s):  
JUSTYNA MAZUREK ◽  
PAWEŁ PUSZ ◽  
EWA BOK ◽  
MICHAŁ STOSIK ◽  
KATARZYNA BALDY-CHUDZIK
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Animal Species ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
Resistance Development ◽  
Gene Markers ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Young Pigs ◽  
Pig Farm ◽  
Genotypic Characteristics

The aim of the study was to determine the influence of the presence or the absence of antibiotic input on the emergence and maintenance of resistance in commensal bacteria from food producing animals. The research material constituted E. coli isolates from two animal species: swine at different age from one conventional pig farm with antibiotic input in young pigs and from beef and dairy cattle originated from organic breeding farm. The sensitivity to 16 antimicrobial agents was tested, and the presence of 15 resistance genes was examined. In E. coli from swine, the most prevalent resistance was resistance to streptomycin (88.3%), co-trimoxazole (78.8%), tetracycline (57.3%) ampicillin (49.3%) and doxycycline (44.9%) with multiple resistance in the majority. The most commonly observed resistance genes were: bla(TEM) (45.2%), tetA (35.8%), aadA1 (35.0%), sul3 (29.5%), dfrA1 (20.4%). Differences in phenotypes and genotypes of E. coli between young swine undergoing prevention program and the older ones without the antibiotic pressure occurred. A disparate resistance was found in E. coli from cattle: cephalothin (36.9%), cefuroxime (18.9%), doxycycline (8.2%), nitrofurantoin (7.7%), and concerned mainly dairy cows. Among isolates from cattle, multidrug resistance was outnumbered by resistance to one or two antibiotics and the only found gene markers were: bla(SHV), (3.4%), tetA (1.29%), bla(TEM) (0.43%) and tetC (0.43%). The presented outcomes provide evidence that antimicrobial pressure contributes to resistance development, and enteric microflora constitutes an essential reservoir of resistance genes.

scholarly journals Metagenomic Signatures of Gut Infections Caused by Different Escherichia coli Pathotypes

2019 ◽  
Vol 85 (24) ◽  
Author(s):  
Angela Peña-Gonzalez ◽  
Maria J. Soto-Girón ◽  
Shanon Smith ◽  
Jeticia Sistrunk ◽  
Lorena Montero ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Child Mortality ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Virulence Gene ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Etiological Agent ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Infectious Diarrhea ◽  
Content Type ◽  
E Coli

ABSTRACT Escherichia coli is a leading contributor to infectious diarrhea and child mortality worldwide, but it remains unknown how alterations in the gut microbiome vary for distinct E. coli pathotype infections and whether these signatures can be used for diagnostic purposes. Further, the majority of enteric diarrheal infections are not diagnosed with respect to their etiological agent(s) due to technical challenges. To address these issues, we devised a novel approach that combined traditional, isolate-based and molecular-biology techniques with metagenomics analysis of stool samples and epidemiological data. Application of this pipeline to children enrolled in a case-control study of diarrhea in Ecuador showed that, in about half of the cases where an E. coli pathotype was detected by culture and PCR, E. coli was likely not the causative agent based on the metagenome-derived low relative abundance, the level of clonality, and/or the virulence gene content. Our results also showed that diffuse adherent E. coli (DAEC), a pathotype that is generally underrepresented in previous studies of diarrhea and thus, thought not to be highly virulent, caused several small-scale diarrheal outbreaks across a rural to urban gradient in Ecuador. DAEC infections were uniquely accompanied by coelution of large amounts of human DNA and conferred significant shifts in the gut microbiome composition relative to controls or infections caused by other E. coli pathotypes. Our study shows that diarrheal infections can be efficiently diagnosed for their etiological agent and categorized based on their effects on the gut microbiome using metagenomic tools, which opens new possibilities for diagnostics and treatment. IMPORTANCE E. coli infectious diarrhea is an important contributor to child mortality worldwide. However, diagnosing and thus treating E. coli infections remain challenging due to technical and other reasons associated with the limitations of the traditional culture-based techniques and the requirement to apply Koch’s postulates. In this study, we integrated traditional microbiology techniques with metagenomics and epidemiological data in order to identify cases of diarrhea where E. coli was most likely the causative disease agent and evaluate specific signatures in the disease-state gut microbiome that distinguish between diffuse adherent, enterotoxigenic, and enteropathogenic E. coli pathotypes. Therefore, our methodology and results should be highly relevant for diagnosing and treating diarrheal infections and have important applications in public health.

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