scholarly journals Drug Repurposing in Oncotherapeutics

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alkeshkumar Patel
Keyword(s):  
Drug Development ◽  
Drug Repurposing ◽  
Hematologic Malignancies ◽  
Fda Approval ◽  
Anti Cancer ◽  
Future Burden ◽  
Regulatory Bodies ◽  
Life Improvement ◽  
Literature Based Discovery ◽  
Approved Drugs

Repurposing or repositioning means validating and application of previously approved drugs in the treatment of another disease that might be relevant or irrelevant to existing use in disease based on the principle of polypharmacology. Repurposed drugs are already well documented for pharmacokinetic, pharmacodynamic, drug interaction, and toxicity parameters. In 1962, thalidomide treatment in pregnant women led to phocomelia in their newborn but while repurposed based on anti-angiogenesis property, it showed efficacy in hematologic malignancies like multiple myeloma. The repurposing is becoming an essential tool in the anti-cancer drug development due to existing drugs are not effective, high cost of treatment, therapy may degrade the quality of life, improvement of survival after treatment is not guaranteed, relapse may occur, and drug resistance may develop due to tumor heterogeneity. Repurposing can be addressed well with the help of literature-based discovery, high throughput technology, bioinformatics multi-omics approaches, side effects, and phenotypes. Many regulatory bodies like EML, NIH, and FDA promote repurposing programs that support the identification of alternative uses of existing medicines. Cancer becomes the major health issue, and the need to discover promising anti-cancer drugs through repurposing remains very high due to decline in FDA approval since 1990, huge expenses incurred in the drug development and prediction of dangerous future burden.

scholarly journals Coconut: Natural Source of Potential Anti Cancer Agent

CORD ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 9
Author(s):  
Dr. Amit Ghosh
Keyword(s):  
Drug Development ◽  
Cocos Nucifera ◽  
Drug Repurposing ◽  
Natural Source ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Treatment Development ◽  
Current Strategy ◽  
Anticancer Effects ◽  
Anti Cancer ◽  
Cancer Agent

The current strategy of drug development is time consuming and expensive. This contrasts sharply with the vision of affordable drug development. The costly and the lengthy paradigm of drug discoveries are major obstacles for combating with rapidly emerging and sporadic diseases. The dichotomy between the urgent requirement of affordable treatment development and the hindrance it faces is apparent in several recent literatures which reflects the importance of drug repurposing and development of botanical drugs. Consistent with this idea, past few decades of studies on Cocos nucifera has yielded a fair knowledge about the anticancer potential of coconut products. The aggregate knowledge is undeniably positive and offers the novel avenues for the therapeutics and affordable drug development. This article highlights the link between coconut products and its anticancer effects.

scholarly journals Drug Repurposing: A Review

2021 ◽  
pp. 161-169
Author(s):  
Rani Teksinh Bhagat ◽  
Santosh Ramarao Butle
Keyword(s):  
Drug Development ◽  
Research And Development ◽  
Development Process ◽  
Drug Repositioning ◽  
Drug Repurposing ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
Preclinical Development ◽  
Therapeutic Uses ◽  
Original Application ◽  
Approved Drugs

The drug development is a very time consuming and complex process. Drug development Process is Expensive. Success rate for the new drug development is very small. In recent years, decreases the new drugs development. The powerful tools are developed to support the research and development (R&D) process is essential. The Drug repurposing are helpful for research and development process. The drug re-purposing as an approach finds new therapeutic uses for current candidates or existing candidates or approved drugs, different from its original application. The main aimed of Drug repurposing is to reduce costs and research time investments in Research & Development. It is used for the diagnosis and treatment of various diseases. Repositioning is important over traditional approaches and need for effective therapies. Drug re-purposing identifies new application for already banned or existing drugs from market. In drug design, drug repurposing plays important role, because it helps to preclinical development. It reducing time efforts, expenses and failures in drug discovery process. It is also called as drug repositioning, drug redirecting, drug reprofiling.

scholarly journals In-Silico FDA-Approved Drug Repurposing to Find the Possible Treatment of Coronavirus Disease-19 (COVID-19)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kumar Sharp ◽  
Dr. Shubhangi Dange
Keyword(s):  
In Silico ◽  
Drug Target ◽  
Drug Repurposing ◽  
Target Interaction ◽  
Compound Libraries ◽  
Anti Cancer ◽  
Approved Drugs ◽  
Fda Approved Drugs ◽  
Large Compound ◽  
Better Than

Identification of potential drug-target interaction for approved drugs serves as the basis of repurposing drugs. Studies have shown polypharmacology as common phenomenon. In-silico approaches help in screening large compound libraries at once which could take years in a laboratory. We screened a library of 1050 FDA-approved drugs against spike glycoprotein of SARS-CoV2 in-silico. Anti-cancer drugs have shown good binding affinity which is much better than hydroxychloroquine and arbidol. We have also introduced a hypothesis named “Bump” hypothesis which and be developed further in field of computational biology.

scholarly journals In-Silico FDA-Approved Drug Repurposing to Find the Possible Treatment of Coronavirus Disease-19 (COVID-19)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kumar Sharp ◽  
Dr. Shubhangi Dange
Keyword(s):  
In Silico ◽  
Drug Target ◽  
Drug Repurposing ◽  
Target Interaction ◽  
Compound Libraries ◽  
Anti Cancer ◽  
Approved Drugs ◽  
Fda Approved Drugs ◽  
Large Compound ◽  
Better Than

Identification of potential drug-target interaction for approved drugs serves as the basis of repurposing drugs. Studies have shown polypharmacology as common phenomenon. In-silico approaches help in screening large compound libraries at once which could take years in a laboratory. We screened a library of 1050 FDA-approved drugs against spike glycoprotein of SARS-CoV2 in-silico. Anti-cancer drugs have shown good binding affinity which is much better than hydroxychloroquine and arbidol. We have also introduced a hypothesis named “Bump” hypothesis which and be developed further in field of computational biology.

scholarly journals Integrating gene expression and clinical data to identify drug repurposing candidates for hyperlipidemia and hypertension

2022 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick Wu ◽  
QiPing Feng ◽  
Vern Eric Kerchberger ◽  
Scott D. Nelson ◽  
Qingxia Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Drug Development ◽  
Clinical Data ◽  
High Throughput ◽  
Research Program ◽  
Human Gene ◽  
Drug Repurposing ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
New Drug Development ◽  
Approved Drugs

AbstractDiscovering novel uses for existing drugs, through drug repurposing, can reduce the time, costs, and risk of failure associated with new drug development. However, prioritizing drug repurposing candidates for downstream studies remains challenging. Here, we present a high-throughput approach to identify and validate drug repurposing candidates. This approach integrates human gene expression, drug perturbation, and clinical data from publicly available resources. We apply this approach to find drug repurposing candidates for two diseases, hyperlipidemia and hypertension. We screen >21,000 compounds and replicate ten approved drugs. We also identify 25 (seven for hyperlipidemia, eighteen for hypertension) drugs approved for other indications with therapeutic effects on clinically relevant biomarkers. For five of these drugs, the therapeutic effects are replicated in the All of Us Research Program database. We anticipate our approach will enable researchers to integrate multiple publicly available datasets to identify high priority drug repurposing opportunities for human diseases.

Prodrug Strategies for Critical Drug Developability Issues: Part I

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (24) ◽  
pp. 2155-2156
Author(s):  
Xingyue Ji
Keyword(s):  
Drug Development ◽  
Chemical Entity ◽  
Attrition Rate ◽  
Drug Candidate ◽  
Structure Property ◽  
Drug Candidates ◽  
Fda Approval ◽  
Cns Drugs ◽  
Approved Drugs ◽  
Preclinical And Clinical Studies

Drug development is a very time, capital, and labor-intensive process. It was anticipated that bringing a novel chemical entity to market would take over a billion dollars and around 14 years [1]. In addition, drug development is characterized by a very high attrition rate both in preclinical and clinical studies. It was reported that only 40% of drug candidates with the most drug-like properties could make their way into clinical trials, and only 10% of these can eventually reach FDA approval [2]. After analyzing the data from seven UK‐based pharmaceutical companies from 1964 through 1985, Prentis et al. found that 39% of failure was attributed to poor pharmacokinetic (PK) profiles in humans, 29% was attributed to a lack of clinical efficacy, 21% was attributed to toxicity and adverse effects, and about 6% was attributed to commercial limitations [3]. When a drug candidate is identified with one of these issues (except the commercial limitations), normally, a new round of structureactivity or structure-property relationship (SAR/SPR) studies is carried out to generate a new chemical entity with improved profiles, and in most cases, such a process is time and labor-intensive. Alternatively, prodrug strategy can be leveraged to efficiently address associated drug developability issues without making enormous derivatives. Prodrug strategy has been demonstrated to be very successful and fruitful in drug development, with around 20% of approved drugs from 2008 through 2020 being clarified as prodrugs [4]. In recent years, prodrug strategy has also been leveraged to address the delivery issues associated with gasotransmitters, including NO, H2S, CO as well as SO2 [5-8]. In this thematic issue, six excellent reviews were included, focusing on varied prodrug strategies in addressing different drug developability issues associated with anticancer drugs, central nervous system (CNS) drugs, and gasotransmitters....

scholarly journals Repositioning of Anthelmintic Drugs for the Treatment of Cancers of the Digestive System

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (14) ◽  
pp. 4957 ◽  
Author(s):  
Federica Laudisi ◽  
Martin Marônek ◽  
Antonio Di Grazia ◽  
Giovanni Monteleone ◽  
Carmine Stolfi
Keyword(s):  
Digestive System ◽  
Drug Repositioning ◽  
Drug Repurposing ◽  
The Body ◽  
Attrition Rates ◽  
Anti Cancer ◽  
Approved Drugs ◽  
Parasitic Worms ◽  
Effective Drugs ◽  
Anthelmintic Drugs

Tumors of the digestive system, when combined together, account for more new cases and deaths per year than tumors arising in any other system of the body and their incidence continues to increase. Despite major efforts aimed at discovering and validating novel and effective drugs against these malignancies, the process of developing such drugs remains lengthy and costly, with high attrition rates. Drug repositioning (also known as drug repurposing), that is, the process of finding new uses for approved drugs, has been gaining popularity in oncological drug development as it provides the opportunity to expedite promising anti-cancer agents into clinical trials. Among the drugs considered for repurposing in oncology, compounds belonging to some classes of anthelmintics—a group of agents acting against infections caused by parasitic worms (helminths) that colonize the mammalian intestine—have shown pronounced anti-tumor activities and attracted particular attention due to their ability to target key oncogenic signal transduction pathways. In this review, we summarize and discuss the available experimental and clinical evidence about the use of anthelmintic drugs for the treatment of cancers of the digestive system.

scholarly journals In silico synergistic drug repurposing for combating novel coronavirus (COVID-19) outbreaks

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Minjee Kim ◽  
Young Bong Kim
Keyword(s):  
Drug Development ◽  
Drug Combination ◽  
Drug Repurposing ◽  
Enrichment Analysis ◽  
Network Pharmacology ◽  
Ppi Network ◽  
Target List ◽  
Drug Candidates ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Approved Drugs

Abstract As the number of novel coronavirus (COVID-19) cases continues to rise, there is a global need for rapid drug development. In this study, we propose a systems pharmacology approach to reposition FDA-approved drug candidates for coronavirus, identify targets and suggest a synergistic drug combination using network pharmacology. We collected 67 genes associated with coronavirus, performed an enrichment analysis to obtain coronavirus-associated disease- pathway and constructed protein-protein interaction (PPI) network based on 67 genes. Total 37 significant disease-pathways were retrieved, and associated FDA-approved drugs were listed for drug repurposing candidates. Our PPI network showed 51 targets from 67 genes and identified IL6 and TNF as potential targets for coronavirus. From the FDA drug list, we selected four drugs that are experimentally used or studied for coronavirus to construct two- drug combinations. From six drug-drug networks, we identified hydroxychloroquine + ribavirin combination had the highest number of overlapping targets (IL6, IL2, IL10, CASP3, IFNA1) from PPI network target list, suggesting a potent synergistic drug combination for coronavirus. With the aim to support the rapid drug development, we suggest a new approach using systems-level drug repurposing for COVID-19 treatment.

Therapeutic Targets and Computational Approaches on Drug Development for COVID-19

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (24) ◽  
pp. 2210-2220 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anusuya Shanmugam ◽  
Nisha Muralidharan ◽  
Devadasan Velmurugan ◽  
M. Michael Gromiha
Keyword(s):  
Drug Development ◽  
Computational Methods ◽  
Drug Repurposing ◽  
World Health ◽  
Short Peptides ◽  
Computational Approaches ◽  
Lead Compounds ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Approved Drugs

World Health Organization declared coronavirus disease (COVID-19) caused by SARS coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) as pandemic. Its outbreak started in China in Dec 2019 and rapidly spread all over the world. SARS-CoV-2 has infected more than 800,000 people and caused about 35,000 deaths so far, moreover, no approved drugs are available to treat COVID-19. Several investigations have been carried out to identify potent drugs for COVID-19 based on drug repurposing, potential novel compounds from ligand libraries, natural products, short peptides, and RNAseq analysis. This review is focused on three different aspects; (i) targets for drug design (ii) computational methods to identify lead compounds and (iii) drugs for COVID-19. It also covers the latest literature on various hit molecules proposed by computational methods and experimental techniques.

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