scholarly journals Integrating Nanotherapeutic Platforms to Image Guided Approaches for Management of Cancer

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Asad Ali ◽  
Zeeshan Ahmad ◽  
Usama Ahmad ◽  
Mohd Muazzam Khan ◽  
Md. Faheem Haider ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polymeric Nanoparticles ◽  
Treatment Plan ◽  
Diagnostic Testing ◽  
Cancer Therapeutics ◽  
Image Guided ◽  
Comprehensive Diagnosis ◽  
Gold Nanomaterials ◽  
Cancer Theranostics ◽  
Targeted Approach ◽  
Molecular Images

Cancer is a leading cause of mortality worldwide, accounting for 8.8 million deaths in 2015. The landscape of cancer therapeutics is rapidly advancing with development of new and sophisticated approaches to diagnostic testing. Treatment plan for early diagnosed patients include radiation therapy, tumor ablation, surgery, immunotherapy and chemotherapy. However the treatment can only be initiated when the cancer has been diagnosed thoroughly. Theranostics is a term that combines diagnostics with therapeutics. It embraces multiple techniques to arrive at comprehensive diagnosis, molecular images and an individualized treatment regimen. Recently, there is an effort to tangle the emerging approach with nanotechnologies, in an attempt to develop theranostic nanoplatforms and methodologies. Theranostic approach to management of cancer offers numerous advantages. They are designed to monitor cancer treatment in real time. A wide variety of theranostic nanoplatforms that are based on diverse nanostructures like magnetic nanoparticles, carbon nanotubes, gold nanomaterials, polymeric nanoparticles and silica nanoparticles showed great potential as cancer theranostics. Nano therapeutic platforms have been successful in integrating image guidance with targeted approach to treat cancer.

Magnetic Nanoliposomes as in Situ Microbubble Bombers for Multimodality Image-Guided Cancer Theranostics

ACS Nano ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 1509-1519 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yang Liu ◽  
Fang Yang ◽  
Chuxiao Yuan ◽  
Mingxi Li ◽  
Tuantuan Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Image Guided ◽  
Multimodality Image ◽  
Cancer Theranostics

scholarly journals Development of Volumetric Independent Dose Calculation System for Verification of the Treatment Plan in Image-Guided Adaptive Brachytherapy

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sang-Won Kang ◽  
Jin-Beom Chung ◽  
Kyeong-Hyeon Kim ◽  
Ji-Yeon Park ◽  
Hae-Jin Park ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Plan ◽  
Dose Calculation ◽  
Image Guided ◽  
Calculation System

scholarly journals Correction to Cyanine-Containing Polymeric Nanoparticles with Imaging/Therapy-Switchable Capability for Mitochondria-Targeted Cancer Theranostics

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 935-935
Author(s):  
Guang-Yu Pan ◽  
Hao-Ran Jia ◽  
Ya-Xuan Zhu ◽  
Wei Sun ◽  
Xiao-Tong Cheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polymeric Nanoparticles ◽  
Cancer Theranostics

Development of a Streamlined, Non-invasive Robotic Radiosurgery Method for Treatment of Uveal Melanoma

2008 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 369-373 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Muacevic ◽  
Martin Nentwich ◽  
Berndt Wowra ◽  
Sibylle Staerk ◽  
Anselm Kampik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Uveal Melanoma ◽  
Treatment Plan ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Ct Scanning ◽  
Single Session ◽  
Image Guided ◽  
Robotic Radiosurgery ◽  
Retrobulbar Anaesthesia ◽  
Treat All

To analyze the feasibility and safety of frameless, image-guided robotic radiosurgery against uveal melanoma, we developed a streamlined procedure that is completed within 3 hours under retrobulbar anesthesia without immobilization. Twenty patients (10 men and 10 women) with medium (3–5-mm prominence) and large (>5-mm prominence) unilateral uveal melanomas were treated with a frameless robotic radiosurgery system. Median age was 61 years (range 32–78 years). All patients underwent a single-session procedure beginning with retrobulbar anaesthesia, followed by computerized tomography (CT) scanning that was used in the generation of a treatment plan, and then the delivery of a radiosurgical tumor dose between 18 and 22 Gy to the 70% isodose line. Three-dimensional treatment planning was aimed at securing the optical lens and the optic disc as much as possible. Follow-up occurred at 3, 6, 12, and 18 months after the radiosurgery with clinical, ultrasound, and CT studies. We were able to treat all patients in the frameless setup within 3 hours. In five patients with lateral and dorsal tumors, the dose to the optic lens could be kept below 2 Gy. The clinical response was evaluated for the first seven patients treated with a follow-up of at least 6 months. No local recurrences occurred with any of the clinically evaluated patients for a mean 13-month follow-up (range 6–22 months). Maximum median apical tumor height according to standardized A-scan ultrasound evaluations decreased from 7.7 to 5.6 mm (p < 0.1). The median reflectivity increased from 41% to 70% (p < 0.01). None of the patients developed a secondary glaucoma during the short-term follow-up period. Frameless, single-session, image-guided robotic radiosurgery is a feasible, safe and comfortable treatment option for patients with uveal melanoma. Longer follow-up and analysis of a larger patient series is required for definitive clinical recommendations.

Utility of a multidisciplinary tumor board in the management of pancreatic diseases.

2016 ◽  
Vol 34 (4_suppl) ◽  
pp. 319-319
Author(s):  
David G. Brauer ◽  
Matthew S. Strand ◽  
Dominic E. Sanford ◽  
Maria Majella Doyle ◽  
Faris Murad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Plan ◽  
Diagnostic Testing ◽  
Retrospective Chart Review ◽  
Multidisciplinary Care ◽  
Tumor Board ◽  
Cancer Center ◽  
Common Diagnosis ◽  
Tumor Boards ◽  
Cancer Network ◽  
The Impact

319 Background: Multidisciplinary Tumor Boards (MTBs) are a requirement for comprehensive cancer centers and are routinely used to coordinate multidisciplinary care in oncology. Despite their widespread use, the impact of MTBs is not well characterized. We studied the outcomes of all patients presented at our pancreas MTB, with the goal of evaluating our current practices and resource utilization. Methods: Data were prospectively collected for all patients presented at a weekly pancreas-specific MTB over the 12-month period at a single-institution NCI-designated cancer center. The conference is attended by surgical, medical, and radiation oncologists, interventional gastroenterologists, pathologists, and radiologists (diagnostic and interventional). Retrospective chart review was performed at the end of the 12-month period under an IRB-approved protocol. Results: A total of 470 patient presentations were made over a 12-month period. Average age at time of presentation was 61.5 years (range 17 – 89) with 51% males. 61.7% of cases were presented by surgical oncologists and 26% by medical oncologists. 174 cases were the result of new diagnoses or referrals. 78 patients were presented more than once (average of 2.3 times). Pancreatic adenocarcinoma was the most common diagnosis (37%), followed by uncharacterized pancreatic mass (16%), and pancreatic cyst (7%). The treatment plan proposed by the presenting clinician was known or could be evaluated prior to conference in 402 cases. Presentation of a case at MTB changed the plan of management 25% (n = 100) of the time, including MTB recommendation against a planned resection in 46 cases. When the initial plan changed as a result of MTB discussion, the most common new plan was to obtain further diagnostic testing such as biopsy and/or endoscopy (n = 24). Conclusions: MTBs are required and resource-intensive but offer the opportunity to discuss a wide array of pathologies and influence management decisions in a sizable proportion of cases. Additional investigations evaluating adherence rates to MTB decisions and to published guidelines (i.e. National Comprehensive Cancer Network) will further enhance the assessment and utility of MTBs.

scholarly journals Plant-Based Antioxidant Extracts and Compounds in the Management of Oral Cancer

Antioxidants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1358 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suraj Prakash ◽  
Radha ◽  
Manoj Kumar ◽  
Neeraj Kumari ◽  
Mamta Thakur ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oral Cancer ◽  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Treatment Plan ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Cancer Therapeutics ◽  
Defence Mechanisms ◽  
Comprehensive Overview ◽  
Oral Mucosal Lesions ◽  
Cellular Defence

Oral cancer continues to be a leading cause of death worldwide, and its prevalence is particularly high in developing countries, where people chew tobacco and betel nut on a regular basis. Radiation-, chemo-, targeted-, immuno-, and hormone-based therapies along with surgery are commonly used as part of a treatment plan. However, these treatments frequently result in various unwanted short- to long-term side effects. As a result, there is an urgent need to develop treatment options for oral cancer that have little or no adverse effects. Numerous bioactive compounds derived from various plants have recently attracted attention as therapeutic options for cancer treatment. Antioxidants found in medicinal plants, such as vitamins E, C, and A, reduce damage to the mucosa by neutralizing free radicals found in various oral mucosal lesions. Phytochemicals found in medicinal plants have the potential to modulate cellular signalling pathways that alter the cellular defence mechanisms to protect normal cells from reactive oxygen species (ROS) and induce apoptosis in cancer cells. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of various medicinal plants and phytoconstituents that have shown the potential to be used as oral cancer therapeutics.

scholarly journals Axillary Imaging Following a New Invasive Breast Cancer Diagnosis—A Radiologist’s Dilemma

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vandana Dialani ◽  
Basak Dogan ◽  
Katerina Dodelzon ◽  
Brian N Dontchos ◽  
Neha Modi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Invasive Breast Cancer ◽  
Molecular Subtype ◽  
Treatment Plan ◽  
Clinical Stage ◽  
Breast Cancer Diagnosis ◽  
Axillary Lymph Nodes ◽  
Axillary Lymph ◽  
Axillary Metastasis ◽  
Image Guided

Abstract Traditionally, patients with newly diagnosed invasive breast cancer underwent axillary US to assess for suspicious axillary lymph nodes (LNs), which were then targeted for image-guided needle biopsy to determine the presence of metastasis. Over the past decade, there has been a shift towards axillary preservation. For patients with palpable lymphadenopathy, the decision to perform axillary imaging with documentation of the number and location of abnormal LNs in preparation for image-guided LN sampling is straightforward. Since LN involvement correlates with cancer size, it is reasonable to image the axilla in patients with tumors larger than 5 cm; however, for tumors smaller than 5 cm, axillary imaging is often deferred until after the tumor molecular subtype and treatment plan are established. Over the last decade, neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) is increasingly used for smaller cancers with more aggressive molecular subtypes. In most cases, detecting axillary metastasis is critical when deciding whether the patient would benefit from NACT. There is increasing evidence that abnormal axillary US findings correlates with LN metastases and reliably establishes a baseline to monitor response to NACT. Depending on hormone receptor status, practices may choose to image the axilla in the setting of clinical stage T1 and T2 cancers to evaluate nodal status and help determine further steps in care. Radiologists should understand the nuances of axillary management and the scope and challenges of LN marking techniques that significantly increase the precision of limited axillary surgery.

Orofacial Pain

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher Sobey
Keyword(s):  
Orofacial Pain ◽  
Treatment Plan ◽  
Correct Diagnosis ◽  
Diagnostic Testing ◽  
Psychological Effects ◽  
Interventional Treatment ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Treatment Algorithms ◽  
Close Proximity ◽  
Craniofacial Pain

Management of orofacial pain in the general population can be a challenging and demanding undertaking due to the complex neurological anatomy and close proximity to vital structures. Differentiating various syndromes and origins of pain can prove difficult; thus, specific emphasis on establishing the correct diagnosis is of the utmost importance in formatting a successful treatment plan. The questions in this chapter delve into the presentations, physical exam findings, diagnostic testing, psychological effects, and evidence-based medical and interventional treatment algorithms of both common and less common craniofacial pain disorders. This chapter covers pathophysiology of the neurological, biomechanical, and central causes of facial pain.

Prospective trial of functional liver image-guided hepatic therapy (FLIGHT) with hepatobiliary iminodiacetic acid (HIDA) scans and update of institutional experience.

2019 ◽  
Vol 37 (4_suppl) ◽  
pp. 373-373
Author(s):  
David Emmert Long ◽  
Colin Huang ◽  
Mark Tann ◽  
Benjamin Dawson ◽  
Gregory Bartlett ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liver Function ◽  
Primary Endpoint ◽  
Treatment Plan ◽  
Prospective Trial ◽  
Iminodiacetic Acid ◽  
Liver Malignancy ◽  
Image Guided ◽  
Institutional Experience ◽  
Planning Technique ◽  
Liver Image

373 Background: Functional liver image-guided hepatic therapy (FLIGHT) is a novel stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) planning technique. A functional map, generated from hepatobiliary iminodiacetic acid (HIDA) scans, is used to maximize the functional residual capacity of liver receiving < 15 Gy (FRC15HIDA). We present initial results of a prospective trial evaluating FLIGHT vs standard planning and update our institutional experience. Methods: Eligible patients were ≥ 18 yo with 1o or 2o liver malignancy and Child-Pugh ≤ B7. Liver function was assessed with HIDA and blood chemistry at baseline, mid-treatment, and 3, 6, and 12 months post SBRT. Both standard and FLIGHT (optimized to avoid high functioning liver) plans were generated for each patient. Treating MDs were blinded to planning technique before selecting the treatment plan. The primary endpoint was to show > 5% increase in FRC15HIDA in 3/15 pts. Secondary endpoints included the rate FLIGHT plans were selected and changes in HIDA and other liver function tests. Prior institutional experience included 27 pts with FLIGHT planned retrospectively. Paired t-test was used to compare dosimetric endpoints for FLIGHT vs. standard plans, including: FRC15HIDA, mean liver dose, effective uniform dose (EUD), and functional EUD (FEUD). Results: Fifteen pts were enrolled. The primary endpoint was met, as 4/15 pts had > 5% improvement in FRC15HIDA (mean 5.2%, range -2.3-19.8%). Notably, the FLIGHT plan was selected in 11/15. The mean improvements in FRC15HIDA (5.2 vs 5.0%), mean liver dose (11.9 vs. 13.0%), EUD (5.1 vs 5.2%), and FEUD (6.9 vs 7.1%) were similar between prospective and retrospective cohorts (p > 0.5). In the entire cohort (n = 42), FLIGHT improved FRC15HIDA, mean liver dose, EUD, and FEUD ( p ≤ 0.001). There were > 5% improvements in FRC15HIDA in 15, mean liver dose in 31, EUD in 19, and FEUD in 27. Conclusions: FLIGHT with HIDA led to improvements in all analyzed dosimetric parameters. The extent of benefit was similar in both cohorts, and there was individual variation in the extent of benefit. Longer follow-up is required to determine the effect of FLIGHT on post-SBRT liver function. Clinical trial information: NCT03338062.

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