scholarly journals The Ethical Desirability of Geoengineering: Challenges to Justice

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Augustine Pamplany
Keyword(s):  
Food Justice ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Future Generations ◽  
Solar Radiation Management ◽  
Unequal Distribution ◽  
Risk Transfer ◽  
Ethical Point ◽  
Dangerous Climate Change ◽  
Radiation Management ◽  
Agriculture And Food

Geoengineering or climate engineering is defined as a deliberate and intentional intervention into the earth system to combat dangerous climate change. Solar Radiation Management (SRM) and Carbon Dioxide Removal (CDR) are two dominant approaches in geoengineering. From an ethical point of view, both these approaches pose serious challenges to justice from the intergenerational, distributive and procedural point of view. Intergenerational equity and the risk-transfer to future generations suggest major challenges to justice in geoengineering. Abdicating our responsibility is a form of injustice to future generations. Unequal distribution of cost and benefits and benefits and harms is a major challenge to distributive justice in SRM. Paying compensation to those harmed by SRM is presented as a way out of ethical deliberations. But there are serious challenges with regard to compensation for SRM, such as, who ought to pay the compensation, who are the beneficiaries and how much to pay. Participation across vulnerable sections alongside indigenous people and their central involvement remains a concern of procedural justice. Food justice is at stake as the adverse impact of SRM on agriculture and food production is considered to be a major challenge.

scholarly journals Taming the Climate Emergency: Geoengineering and Ethics

2012 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanna Joronen ◽  
Markku Oksanen
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Moral Justification ◽  
Solar Radiation Management ◽  
Rational Basis ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Policy Relevance ◽  
Ethical Point ◽  
Dangerous Climate Change ◽  
Radiation Management

In this article, we shed some light into two questions with regard to te idea of climate emergency and dangerous climate change: Presuming that the negative effects of climate change can occur abruptly we want to investigate, in particular, whether there is any kind of rational basis to the conclusion that a state of climate emergency would require geoengineering implementations such as solar radiation management (SRM). Related to this, we will pose the question whether there can be exemptions from conventional morality justified by climate emergency for instance to use such largely untested geoengineering methods like SRM. We will take a look at SRM from an ethical point of view and analyze the concept of climate emergency and its policy relevance in order to assess the moral justification for the implementation of SRM.

Situating and Abandoning Geoengineering: A Typology of Five Responses to Dangerous Climate Change

2013 ◽  
Vol 46 (01) ◽  
pp. 23-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clare Heyward
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Solar Radiation Management ◽  
Diverse Range ◽  
Political Issues ◽  
Government Organizations ◽  
Mitigation And Adaptation ◽  
Potential Strategy ◽  
Dangerous Climate Change ◽  
Radiation Management

Geoengineering, the “deliberate, large-scale manipulation of the planetary environment in order to counteract anthropogenic climate change” (Shepherd et al. 2009, 1), is attracting increasing interest. As well as the Royal Society, various scientific and government organizations have produced reports on the potential and challenge of geoengineering as a potential strategy, alongside mitigation and adaptation, to avoid the vast human and environmental costs that climate change is thought to bring (Blackstock et al. 2009; GAO 2010; Long et al. 2011; Rickels et al. 2011). “Geoengineering” covers a diverse range of proposals conventionally divided into carbon dioxide removal (CDR) proposals and solar radiation management (SRM) proposals. This article argues that “geoengineering” should not be regarded as a third category of response to climate change, but should be disaggregated. Technically, CDR and SRM are quite different and discussing them together under the rubric of geoengineering can give the impression that all the technologies in the two categories of response always raise similar challenges and political issues when this is not necessarily the case. However, CDR and SRM should not be completely subsumed into the preexisting categories of mitigation and adaptation. Instead, they can be regarded as two parts of a five-part continuum of responses to climate change. To make this case, the first section of this article discusses whether geoengineering is distinctive, and the second situates CDR and SRM in relation to other responses to climate change.

Rifiuti e Societŕ

2009 ◽  
pp. 115-145
Author(s):  
Marco Ettore Grasso
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Law ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Future Generations ◽  
World Health ◽  
Campania Region ◽  
Ethical Point ◽  
Rubbish Dumps ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Italian Territory

- The expression "garbage emergency", used in Italy to describe an uncontrolled accumulating of garbage on the Italian territory, and the growing presence in the global society of many rubbish dumps, quite often illegal, are a concern for a serious social alarm, suggesting to the whole of humanity to pay particular attention to the environmental policy regarding garbage. The following paper will stress the relationship existing between garbage and society, with a particular reference to the relationship connected to garbage and human health, analyzed in the light of accurate studies carried out by the World Health Organization (WHO). In the territory of Campania Region (Italy), several forms of protest seem to have taken the place of important democratic ways of participation. In relation to the situation in Campania, this paper will particularly examine three types of inhabitants protest. Moreover, it is important to stress that each day every human being produces a considerable quantity of garbage; hence, it becomes a duty emphasizing the sustainability in the production of the same garbage. In this regard, in the current legislation there are certain principles, worthy of relevance from a social-ethical point of view. In this perspective, the position of the future generations is significant, just like the role practiced by the environmental law; in this respect, finally, a brief discussion concerning some studies of philosophic-environmental nature will follow.

scholarly journals Gene doping and bioethics: legal regulation. Prospects, forecasts, obstacles

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (8) ◽  
pp. 62-68
Author(s):  
O. A. Shevchenko
Keyword(s):  
Gene Therapy ◽  
National Level ◽  
Modern Science ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Future Generations ◽  
Legal Research ◽  
Gene Doping ◽  
Ethical Point ◽  
Genetic Science

The article analyzes the correlation between the development of genetic science and bioethics issues. In the context of the rapid and steady development of genetic engineering and biomedicine, there is a lag in legal research in this area. Determining the vector of development of legal regulation of gene therapy and gene doping is currently one of the most important issues of modern science, which needs to be resolved from a legal and ethical point of view. In regulatory legal acts in the field of international sports and at the national level, a ban on the use of gene doping has been established, as well as responsibility for its use is provided. However, the measures taken are not enough.The article considers some existing problematic aspects of the correlation between the development of genetic science and bioethics and suggests ways to solve them. Thus, it is proposed to build a system of principles for preventing and countering the use of the gene doping method and to differentiate the concepts of gene therapy and gene doping in order to comply with the principles of Olympism and preserve the health of future generations.

Configurations to Superior Environmental Innovation Strategy: A Both–And Approach

2021 ◽  
pp. 108602662110316
Author(s):  
Tiziana Russo-Spena ◽  
Nadia Di Paola ◽  
Aidan O’Driscoll
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Value Chain ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Future Generations ◽  
Innovation Strategy ◽  
Environmental Innovation ◽  
Data Set

An effective climate change action involves the critical role that companies must play in assuring the long-term human and social well-being of future generations. In our study, we offer a more holistic, inclusive, both–and approach to the challenge of environmental innovation (EI) that uses a novel methodology to identify relevant configurations for firms engaging in a superior EI strategy. A conceptual framework is proposed that identifies six sets of driving characteristics of EI and two sets of beneficial outcomes, all inherently tensional. Our analysis utilizes a complementary rather than an oppositional point of view. A data set of 65 companies in the ICT value chain is analyzed via fuzzy-set comparative analysis (fsQCA) and a post-QCA procedure. The results reveal that achieving a superior EI strategy is possible in several scenarios. Specifically, after close examination, two main configuration groups emerge, referred to as technological environmental innovators and organizational environmental innovators.

The ethics of pandemic preparedness revisited - autonomy, quarantine, transferability and trust

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
P Schröder-Bäck ◽  
T Schloemer ◽  
K Martakis ◽  
C Brall
Keyword(s):  
Crisis Management ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Ethical Challenges ◽  
Pandemic Preparedness ◽  
Ethical Aspects ◽  
Outbreak Management ◽  
Ethics Framework ◽  
Ethical Point

Abstract Background The outbreak of SARS in 2002 lead to a public health ethics discourse. The crisis management of that time was ethically analysed and lessons to be learned discussed. Scholarship and WHO, among others, developed an ethics of pandemic preparedness. The current “corona crisis” also faces us with ethical challenges. This presentation is comparing the two crises from an ethical point of view and a focus on Europe. Methods An ethics framework for pandemic preparedness (Schröder et al. 2006 and Schröder-Bäck 2014) is used to make a synopsis of ethical issues. Ethical aspects of 2002 and 2020 that were discussed in the literature and in the media are compared. For 2020, the focus is on interventions in Italy, Germany, Switzerland, and the Netherlands. Results Topics that emerged from the 2002 crisis were, among others, revolving around aspects of stigmatisation and fair distribution of scarce resources (esp. vaccines, antivirals). Currently, most urgent and ethically challenging aspects relate to social distancing vs. autonomy: Isolation and quarantine are handled differently across Europe and the EU. Questions of transferability of such interventions prevail. Contexts vary vertically over time (2002 vs. 2020) and horizontally (e.g. between Italy and Germany at the same time). Furthermore, trust in authorities, media and health information is a key issue. Conclusions Ethical aspects are key for good pandemic preparedness and management. The context of the crises between 2002 and 2020 has slightly changed, also based on “lessons learned” from 2002. This has implications on ethical issues that are being discussed. New lessons will have to be learned from the 2020 crisis. Key messages Pandemic preparedness and outbreak management entail many ethical tensions that need to be addressed. Currently, questions of trust and transferability are key to the crisis management, further ethical issues could still emerge.

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