scholarly journals Clinical Aspects of Moyamoya Disease

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandhya Manorenj ◽  
Reshma Sultana Shaik
Keyword(s):  
Moyamoya Disease ◽  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Cerebral Arteries ◽  
Paediatric Population ◽  
Clinical Aspects ◽  
Asian Populations ◽  
Refractory Headache ◽  
Clinical Presentations ◽  
The Common ◽  
Ischemic Attack

Moyamoya disease is a chronic progressive, non-atherosclerotic, occlusive intracranial vasculopathy involving major cerebral arteries around the circle of Willis. MMD occurs frequently in East Asian populations but the disease can affect the American and European ethnicities as well. Knowledge of clinical aspects of Moyamoya disease (MMD) is important in view of distinctive clinical presentation observed in children and adults. MMD has bimodal age of distribution, with peaks in the first and last decades of life. Childhood MMD is characterised by Ischemic manifestation (Transient ischemic attack, Cerebral Infarction), whereas adult MMD presents with hemorrhagic manifestations (Intracerebral haemorrhage, Intraventricular bleed). Refractory headache, seizure and ophthalmological abnormalities are other clinical presentations of MMD. A high index of clinical suspicion and an eye to recognise the common as well as unusual manifestations of the disease and inciting events may prevent delay in the diagnosis. A thorough knowledge about the varied clinical presentation would aid clinician for early diagnosis and management of this rare entity. The present article provides extensive review on the clinical aspects of MMD amongst adults and paediatric population, on the basis of previous articles and research studies.

scholarly journals Experience of management of abdominal cysts

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (10) ◽  
pp. 3404
Author(s):  
Dhananjay Vaze ◽  
Pranav Jhadav ◽  
Rajesh M. ◽  
Adarsh Hegde ◽  
Sanjay Raut ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medical Records ◽  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Laparoscopic Approach ◽  
Exploratory Laparotomy ◽  
Urachal Cyst ◽  
Duct Cyst ◽  
Clinical Presentations ◽  
Abdominal Masses ◽  
The Common ◽  
Cystic Masses

Benign intra-abdominal cystic masses in children are rare and they have diverse etiopathogenesis, clinical presentation. The present study highlights the experience in the management of benign intra-abdominal cysts pertaining to the diverse etiologies associated with these lesions. The medical records of our hospital between November 2016 to November 2019 were retrospectively reviewed. Patients with cystic abdominal masses were studied with respect to less different clinical presentations, localization of masses, diagnostic tests, surgical aapproaches, histopathological examinations and outcome. Out of the 55 cases, most common lesion was a choledochal cyst. Miscellaneous diagnosis includes an omental cyst, urachal cyst and a pedunculated bile duct cyst. All the cystic lesions of the abdomen need to be considered as close differentials in clinical practice due to the common presentations and similar symptoms produced by these lesions. All the lesions were managed by exploratory laparotomy except two ovarian cysts which were managed with laparoscopic approach.

scholarly journals The Common Clinical Presentation of Patients Selected for Septoplasty in Northern Saudi Arabia

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdullah D. Alotaibi ◽  
Bassam Ahmed Almutlaq ◽  
Fahad Nashmi Alshammari ◽  
Hussain Gadelkarim Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Nasal Obstruction ◽  
Nasal Septum ◽  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Deviated Nasal Septum ◽  
Clinical Presentations ◽  
Common Clinical Presentation ◽  
The Common ◽  
Almost All

Background. Nasal septal deviation (NSD) plays a critical role in nasal obstruction symptoms, aesthetic look of the nose, increased nasal resistance, and occasionally snoring. Septoplasty is the most common method for correction of deviated nasal septum (DNS). Therefore, the aim of the present study was to assess the association between initial clinical presentations of patients selected for septoplasty and demographical characteristics in Northern Saudi Arabia.Methodology. Archives related to all patients selected for septoplasty between 2012 and 2017 were retrieved from ENT Department at King Khalid Hospital in Hail, Northern Saudi Arabia. Only adults over 18 years of age were included in this study.Results. With regard to the clinical presentations, almost all patients presented with variable degrees of nasal congestions, nasal blockages, breathing troubles, sleeping troubles, and exercise problems.Conclusion. Nasal obstruction is prevalent in Northern Saudi Arabia with peaks being in the years 2016 and 2014 with the most etiological factor being DNS.

Angiographic Profile in Childhood Moyamoya Disease

1991 ◽  
Vol 32 (6) ◽  
pp. 488-491 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. N. Jayakumar ◽  
B. Y. T. Arya ◽  
M. K. Vasudev
Keyword(s):  
Carotid Artery ◽  
Internal Carotid Artery ◽  
Moyamoya Disease ◽  
Internal Carotid ◽  
Small Vessel Disease ◽  
Cerebral Arteries ◽  
Japanese Literature ◽  
Middle Cerebral Arteries ◽  
The Common ◽  
Stenotic Lesions

The cerebral angiograms of 8 patients with childhood moyamoya disease showed that the common findings were stenosis/occlusion of the supraclinoid internal carotid artery and the proximal segments of the anterior and middle cerebral arteries and basal moyamoya. The volume of basal moyamoya and its collateral supply depended upon the stage of the disease. Leptomeningeal collaterals were frequent in the later stages. Stenotic lesions in the posterior circulation were seen in a majority (75%) of patients. A feature unique to the study was evidence of intracranial small-vessel disease and stenotic cervical internal carotid artery in half of the cases. The disease in the ethnic caucasian Indians seems largely similar to the classical disease frequently reported in the Japanese literature.

scholarly journals Coital trauma as seen at Alex Ekwueme Federal University Teaching Hospital Abakaliki, Nigeria

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (10) ◽  
pp. 279
Author(s):  
Assumpta Nnenna Nweke ◽  
Johnbosco Ifunanya Nwafor ◽  
Bridget Nkiruka Uche-Nwidagu ◽  
Wendy Chinwe Oliobi ◽  
Malachy Chizoba Onyema ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Teaching Hospital ◽  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
University Teaching ◽  
Clinical Notes ◽  
Clinical Presentations ◽  
Posterior Fornix ◽  
The Common ◽  
Causes And Risk Factors

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Though pleasurable, coitus may result in morbidity and even mortality. One of such morbidities is coital trauma, a global occurrence that is grossly under reported. This study aimed to determine the causes and risk factors for coital trauma as well as its clinical presentation.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> This was a 4 year retrospective study of patients that presented with coital injuries at Alex Ekwueme Federal University Teaching Hospital, Abakaliki. Data were obtained from patients’ clinical notes using a specially designed proforma. Statistical analysis was performed using Epi Info<sup>TM </sup>7.2.1.  </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> The majority of women that presented with coital trauma were adolescents (67.9%). Most of them were single (92.9%), nulliparous (89.3%) and had only primary education (57.1%). The commonest cause of coital trauma was rape (75%). The commonest risk factors were inadequate foreplay (57.1%) and coitarche (42.9%). Other risk factors were genital disproportion, pregnancy, puerperium and influence of drugs. The common clinical presentations were vaginal bruises (75%) and vaginal lacerations (64.3%) while the commonest site of injury was the hymen (42.9%) followed by the vulva (35.7%). Other less common sites of injury were the lower vagina and posterior fornix.</p><p><strong>Conclusions:</strong> Coital trauma is relatively common and young girls are mainly affected. Rape is the major cause while inadequate foreplay and coitarche are the major predisposing factors. </p>

scholarly journals Clinical Features of Inflammatory Myopathies and Their Association with Malignancy: A Systematic Review in Asian Population

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patompong Ungprasert ◽  
Napat Leeaphorn ◽  
Nattamol Hosiriluck ◽  
Wikrom Chaiwatcharayut ◽  
Nischala Ammannagari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Inclusion Body Myositis ◽  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Asian Population ◽  
Inflammatory Myopathies ◽  
Systemic Autoimmune Diseases ◽  
Eligibility Criteria ◽  
Asian Populations ◽  
The Common

Introduction. Idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIMs) are a group of chronic systemic autoimmune diseases that mainly affect the skeletal muscle. The common subtypes include adult dermatomyositis (DM), polymyositis (PM), and inclusion body myositis (IBM). Most of the earlier studies that described the clinical characteristics of IIM as well as their association with cancer were conducted in Western population. Our study is the first systematic review that summarizes the clinical data of DM/PM in Asian population. Methods. We identified 14 case series of DM/PM that met our eligibility criteria. We then compared this data with that from previous reports from Europe and North America. Results. Our systematic review included 2518 patients. Dermatomyositis is more common, with the ratio of dermatomyositis to polymyositis being 1.36 : 1. 69% of them were females with mean age of 45.5 years. Extramuscular manifestations, including arthritis/arthralgia, dysphagia, and interstitial lung disease, are found in one-third of the patients. Malignancy was found in 10% of patients, with lung and nasopharyngeal carcinomas being the most common malignancies associated with these myopathies. Conclusion. Clinical presentation of PM/DM appears to be similar in both Western and Asian populations. However, the type of associated malignancies in Asians differs from that in Caucasians. Ethnic background should be one of the factors that clinicians should consider while screening for malignancy.

scholarly journals Postpartum Reversible Cerebral Vasoconstriction Syndrome Presenting with Radiological Plethora

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manisha Sharma ◽  
Bindu Menon ◽  
Gayatri Manam
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Cerebral Arteries ◽  
Reversible Cerebral Vasoconstriction Syndrome ◽  
Radiological Findings ◽  
Radiological Features ◽  
Cerebral Vasoconstriction ◽  
Atypical Clinical Presentation ◽  
Ischemic Attack ◽  
High Index Of Suspicion ◽  
Reversible Encephalopathy

AbstractReversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome (RCVS) is a clinicoradiological syndrome characterized by segmental vasoconstriction of cerebral arteries with resolution in most patients within 1 to 3 months. It has been known to be a benign uniphasic reversible illness but cases of fulminant RCVS with mortality have also been reported. The symptoms can be varied with presentations like transient ischemic attack (TIA), ischemic stroke (IS), intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), and posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES). We report a postpartum female with RCVS with radiological features of ICH, SAH, atypical PRES, and atypical clinical presentation as well. RCVS can be frequently missed unless there is a high index of suspicion. Hence clinicians should be aware of the typical and the atypical presentation of RCVS along with the radiological findings with the potential complications. Early suspicion and detection in the emergency help in recovery and reducing morbidity.

Intracranial Epidural Suppuration: The Occult Empyema

Neurosurgery ◽  
1982 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 390-394 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robin I. Davidson
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Clinical Suspicion ◽  
Subdural Empyema ◽  
High Index ◽  
Acute Sinusitis ◽  
Diagnosis And Treatment ◽  
Concomitant Disease ◽  
Clinical Presentations ◽  
The Common ◽  
Nose And Throat

Abstract Four patients with intracranial epidural empyema are discussed, illustrating the variety of clinical presentations of this process. A review of the ear, nose, and throat and neurosurgical literature is provided. The common incidental clinical presentation of this lesion is emphasized. Its symptoms are overshadowed almost invariably by concomitant disease processes, which include acute sinusitis, osteomyelitis, subgaleal empyema, subdural empyema, and subcortical intrapa-renchymal abscess. The diagnosis and treatment of intracranial epidural empyema are still dependent upon a high index of clinical suspicion.

scholarly journals Clinical presentation and hormonal profile of patients with pituitary tumour

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 73
Author(s):  
Shaju Mathew ◽  
Geo Paul Jose Kurikkattayil ◽  
Kunjan Balakrishnan Paruvakkattil ◽  
Ebitha Elias Kalarikkal
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Visual Disturbance ◽  
Pituitary Tumour ◽  
Pituitary Hormones ◽  
Pituitary Tumours ◽  
Tertiary Care Centre ◽  
Hormone Profile ◽  
Clinical Presentations ◽  
The Common

Background: Pituitary tumours represent about 10% of intracranial tumours. To know about the common clinical presentations and hormone profile of patients with pituitary tumour help in early diagnosis and treatment of the disease.Methods: A prospective study was carried out for a duration of 16 months from 1st June 2018 to 30th September 2019, among 93 patients admitted with diagnosis of pituitary tumour in department of neurosurgery in a tertiary care centre. Study involved initial clinical assessment followed by assessment of hormone profile. In the end of the study the most common clinical presentation and the common pituitary hormones that were deranged in those cases were found out. Statistical analysis was done to find out relationship between hormone levels and clinical symptoms.Results: From the study it was found that the most common clinical presentations of pituitary tumour were headache [58 patients (62.4%)] and visual disturbance [53 patients (56.9%)]. Hormone over production was reported in 35 patients (37.6%), of which 25 patients (26.9%) were having high prolactin levels. Most common hormone that showed below normal values in pituitary tumour patients was luteinizing hormone (LH), in 19 patients (19.35%). Study also found out statistically significant association between elevated prolactin levels and headache.Conclusions: In patients with pituitary tumours most common clinical presentations included headache and visual disturbance. Prolactin was the most common hormone which was above normal levels. Most common hormone that was below normal levels were gonadotropins.

scholarly journals Diverse clinical presentations of Moyamoya disease: a case series

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hendrick Henrique Fernandes Gramasco ◽  
Mateus Felipe dos Santos ◽  
Yasmim Nadime José Frigo ◽  
Guilherme Drumond Jardini Anastácio ◽  
Stella de Angelis Trivellato ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrovascular Disease ◽  
Moyamoya Disease ◽  
Internal Carotid ◽  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Cerebrovascular Events ◽  
Clinical Presentations ◽  
Proximal Occlusion

Context: Moyamoya disease or chronic occlusive cerebrovascular disease is characterized by proximal occlusion of the internal carotid artery and its branches bilaterally, generating an angiographic “smoke” pattern (moyamoya, from Japanese “something hazy”) and by diverse ischemic manifestations. Case report: The sample consists of three female patients, aged between 13 and 46 years, followed in our service due to the diagnosis of Moyamoya Disease. Among the clinical manifestations presented, ischemic cerebrovascular events with neurological deficit predominated, and one of the patients presented two episodes compatible with stroke and one episode compatible with transient ischemic accident. The youngest patient presented with a choreic picture initially interpreted as Sydenham’s chorea. Although the gold standard for the diagnosis of chronic occlusive cerebrovascular disease is cerebral arterial angiography, it was possible to observe a pattern compatible with the disease in other modalities of examination, such as cerebral arterial angiotomography and cerebral arterial angioresonance. From the therapeutic point of view, one of the patients underwent surgical intervention (encephaloduromyosinangiosis), with improvement of symptoms after treatment. Conclusions: In this paper, we emphasize the importance of complementary imaging tests in the evaluation of patients with cerebrovascular syndromes and the diversity of clinical presentation of Moyamoya disease.

Whitmore disease presenting as parotid abscess in a child

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Minh Xuan Ngo
Keyword(s):  
Case Reports ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Paediatric Population ◽  
Surgical Drainage ◽  
Microbiology Laboratory ◽  
Raising Awareness ◽  
Clinical Presentations ◽  
The Common ◽  
High Index Of Suspicion

Whitmore disease, alsocalled melioidosis, is an emerging infection in Vietnam after the heavy flood in 2020 with increasing case reports, mostly in adults but also in children. We report a child with parotid abscess, which is one of the common clinical manifestations in the paediatric population in Vietnam. He was previously healthy. The child recovered completely after surgical drainage and antibiotic treatment according to standard guidelines. Because the spectrum of disease in childhood is different from that in adults and underlying predisposing factors are usually not seen in children, a high index of suspicion is required for the diagnosis of paediatric melioidosis. Raising awareness among paediatricians in Vietnam of the clinical presentations of melioidosis in childhood is a prerequisite for improved ascertainment. The key role of the microbiology laboratory in the diagnosis of melioidosis is highlighted.

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