scholarly journals Desalination Brine Management: Effect on Outfall Design

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ishita Shrivastava ◽  
Edward Eric Adams
Keyword(s):  
Management Strategies ◽  
Minimum Cost ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Bottom Slope ◽  
Coastal Regions ◽  
Brine Management ◽  
Management Effect ◽  
Receiving Water

Recently proposed options for desalination brine management involve blending of brine with a lighter effluent or concentrating the brine prior to discharge, either of which can significantly alter the discharge concentrations of contaminants. We evaluate the effect of these brine management strategies on the design of submerged outfalls used to discharge brine. Optimization of outfall design is considered such that adequate mixing can be provided with minimum cost. Designs with submerged and surfacing plume are considered for outfalls located in shallow coastal regions with small currents (quiescent receiving water is assumed). Pre-dilution with treated wastewater is shown to reduce the outfall cost, whereas pre-dilution with seawater or pre-concentration are shown to result in higher costs than the discharge of brine alone. The effect of bottom slope is also explored and the results suggest that multiport diffusers are better suited than single jets at locations with a mild bottom slope.

Optimization of a Treatment System of Wastewater Streams for Electrochemical Cr(VI) Reduction: Selective versus Centralized Treatment

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Adrián López-Yañez ◽  
Jorge Ramirez-Muñoz ◽  
Alejandro Alonso ◽  
Luis G. Cota ◽  
Jhonny Pérez Montiel
Keyword(s):  
Hexavalent Chromium ◽  
Minimum Cost ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Electrical Current ◽  
Electrochemical Process ◽  
Effluent Treatment ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Total Annual Cost ◽  
Optimal Solutions ◽  
Selective Treatment

Abstract The problem of the optimization of selective treatment systems of wastewater streams contaminated with hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)] is investigated. In order to comply with the Mexican environmental norm of Cr(VI) for treated wastewater streams at minimum cost, a nonlinear programming (NLP) model for the electrochemical reduction of hexavalent chromium to trivalent chromium was developed. The model incorporates a variable reaction rate, which is a function of the Cr(VI) concentration and the electrical current density of the electrochemical process. For this purpose, a basic superstructure of the effluent treatment is proposed. The superstructure is composed of three continuous electrochemical reactors without recirculation, and it may produce either a series and/or parallel design topology. The NLP model was used to minimize the objective function, defined as the total annual cost (TAC), which includes the capital cost of each electrochemical reactor, the electrical energy cost and the cost of the treatment of the wastewater streams. In order to investigate the solution set of the proposed NLP model, i. e., to improve the possibilities of obtaining optimum solutions based on economic criteria, a multi-start algorithm was implemented. Two example problems are used to show the versatility of the model and different local optimal solutions were obtained for each case study. The results show that a selective treatment of wastewater streams based on the search of local optimal solutions yields significant savings with respect to a centralized treatment design.

scholarly journals Status quo report on wastewater treatment plant, receiving water's biocoenosis and quality as basis for evaluation of large-scale ozonation process

2017 ◽  
Vol 77 (2) ◽  
pp. 337-345 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Brückner ◽  
K. Kirchner ◽  
Y. Müller ◽  
S. Schiwy ◽  
K. Klaer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plant ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Endocrine Disrupting ◽  
Ozonation Process ◽  
Receiving Water

Abstract The project DemO3AC (demonstration of large-scale wastewater ozonation at the Aachen-Soers wastewater treatment plant, Germany) of the Eifel-Rur Waterboard contains the construction of a large-scale ozonation plant for advanced treatment of the entire 25 million m³/yr of wastewater passing through its largest wastewater treatment plant (WWTP). In dry periods, up to 70% of the receiving water consists of treated wastewater. Thus, it is expected that effects of ozonation on downstream water biocoenosis will become observable. Extensive monitoring of receiving water and the WWTP shows a severe pollution with micropollutants (already prior to WWTP inlet). (Eco-)Toxicological investigations showed increased toxicity at the inlet of the WWTP for all assays. However, endocrine-disrupting potential was also present at other sampling points at the WWTP and in the river and could not be eliminated sufficiently by the WWTP. Total cell counts at the WWTP are slightly below average. Investigations of antibiotic resistances show no increase after the WWTP outlet in the river. However, cells carrying antibiotic-resistant genes seem to be more stress resistant in general. Comparing investigations after implementation of ozonation should lead to an approximation of the correlation between micropollutants and water quality/biocoenosis and the effects that ozonation has on this matter.

scholarly journals Natural treatment system models for wastewater management: a study from Hyderabad, India

2017 ◽  
Vol 77 (2) ◽  
pp. 479-492 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sahebrao Sonkamble ◽  
Md. Wajihuddin ◽  
Mahesh Jampani ◽  
S. Sarah ◽  
V. K. Somvanshi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Organic Content ◽  
Pollutant Removal ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Urban Habitat ◽  
Wastewater Management ◽  
Natural Treatment

Abstract Wastewater generated on a global scale has become a significant source of water resources which necessitates appropriate management strategies. However, the complexities associated with wastewater are lack of economically viable treatment systems, especially in low- and middle-income countries. While many types of treatment systems are needed to serve the various local issues, we propose natural treatment systems (NTS) such as natural wetlands that are eco-friendly, cost-effective, and can be jointly driven by public bodies and communities. In order for it to be part of wastewater management, this study explores the NTS potential for removal of pollutants, cost-effectiveness, and reuse options for the 1.20 million m3/day of wastewater generated in Hyderabad, India. The pilot study includes hydro-geophysical characterization of natural wetland to determine pollutant removal efficiency and its effective utilization for treated wastewater in the peri-urban habitat. The results show the removal of organic content (76–78%), nutrients (77–97%), and microbes (99.5–99.9%) from the wetland-treated wastewater and its suitability for agriculture applications. Furthermore, the wetland efficiency integrated with engineered interventions led to the development of NTS models with different application scenarios: (i) constructed wetlands, (ii) minimized community wetlands, and (iii) single outlet system, suitable for urban, peri-urban and rural areas, respectively.

scholarly journals Pathogens in crop production systems irrigated with low-quality water in Bolivia

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. 980-990 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luis Fernando Perez-Mercado ◽  
Cecilia Lalander ◽  
Abraham Joel ◽  
Jakob Ottoson ◽  
Mercedes Iriarte ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Management ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Water Sources ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Quality Of Water ◽  
Risk Management Strategies ◽  
Shallow Wells

Abstract In dry areas, the need for irrigation to ensure agricultural production determines the use of all available water sources. However, the water sources used for irrigation are often contaminated by untreated or minimally treated wastewater. Microbial risks from reusing wastewater for vegetable irrigation can be addressed by installing environmental barriers that pathogens must cross to reach humans in the reuse system. Knowledge of pathogen flows inside the system and pathogen removal potential is the first step towards devising a risk management strategy. This study assessed microbe prevalence in farming systems in the Bolivian highlands that use wastewater-polluted sources for irrigation of lettuce. Samples of soil, lettuce and different water sources used in the farming systems were taken during one crop season and concentrations of coliphages, Escherichia coli and helminth eggs were measured. The results showed high spread of these microorganisms throughout the whole system. There was a significant correlation between microbial quality of water and of the harvested produce for several microorganisms. The microbial prevalence in protected shallow wells was found to be significantly lower than in other water sources. These findings can help formulate feasible risk management strategies in contexts where conventional technologies for microbial removal are not possible.

Characterization of tannery wastewaters for pretreatment - selected case studies

1997 ◽  
Vol 36 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 217-223 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Ates ◽  
D. Orhon ◽  
O. Tünay
Keyword(s):  
Management Strategies ◽  
Industrial Effluents ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Wastewater Quality ◽  
Characterization Studies ◽  
Biological Treatability ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Raw Wastewater

Wastewater characterization is an integral part of treatment and management strategies for industrial effluents. This paper outlines the results of detailed characterization studies on three different tannery complexes. It evaluates, aside from raw wastewater quality in terms of major polluting parameters, the impact of physical and chemical settling on wastewater characteristics. Emphasis is placed upon homogenization and sulfide removal potential. Chemically treated wastewater is further studied for assessing COD fractionation, presently used as significant modelling information for biological treatability.

Challenges of 5G Networking in Access and Core Networks

2015 ◽  
pp. 161-188 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vasilis Friderikos ◽  
Giorgos Chochlidakis ◽  
Hamid Aghvami ◽  
Mischa Dohler
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Communication ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Minimum Cost ◽  
Wireless Access ◽  
Core Network ◽  
Core Networks ◽  
The Core ◽  
Data Rates ◽  
Network Orchestration

The 5th Generation wireless and mobile communication is expected to provide ultrahigh data rates over wireless in the range of Gbps. But 5G will also be about providing consistency and supporting Quality of Experience in a personalized manner. We foresee an evolution in terms of physical layer enhancements to provide increased data rates, whereas a revolutionary step is required in terms of network orchestration and management to provide consistency and efficient utilization of the available resources at a minimum cost. In this chapter, key trends in wireless access technologies and thus-required network management strategies with respect to the core network are discussed. In the roadmap towards 5G networks, we envision an evolution of technologies for supporting Gbps wireless transmission, whereas a revolution would be required from the current modus operandi in the ways network orchestration and resource management is performed in these complex, hierarchical, heterogeneous and highly autonomous wireless networks.

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