scholarly journals Deficiency of Vitamin B-Complex and Its Relation with Body Disorders

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Farhan Sarwar ◽  
Muhammad Haroon Sarwar ◽  
Muhammad Sarwar
Keyword(s):  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Cell Metabolism ◽  
Energy Levels ◽  
Pantothenic Acid ◽  
B Vitamins ◽  
Vitamin B ◽  
Excessive Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Balanced Diet ◽  
Varied Diet ◽  
Vitamin B Deficiency

Vitamins B denote to some diverse kinds of vitamins which collectively, are recognized as B-complex vitamin. At hand are eight types of vitamins in vitamin B complex; thiamine (B1), riboflavin (B2), niacin (B3), pantothenic acid (B5), pyridoxine (B6), biotin (B7), folate (B9) also known as folic acid and cobalamin (B12). B vitamins have a direct impact on body energy levels, brain function and cell metabolism. There is a roundup of four top causes of vitamin B deficiency; a non-balanced diet, excessive alcohol consumption, various medications and gut malabsorption conditions. Deficiencies in these B vitamins can lead to a number of different symptoms like paresthesias, peripheral neuropathy, psychosis and heart attack and stroke over time if the deficiency is not reversed. Vitamins are found in highest abundance in meat, eggs and dairy or milk products such as butter, yogurt and cheese produced from milk of mammals usually buffaloes, cattle, goats, sheep and camels. Most people can get many nutrients they need, including B vitamins, by eating a varied diet of lean meats, grains, fruits and vegetables. This chapter provides an affluent of the most common types of vitamins B, including why body needs these, their deficiency symptoms and which foods contain them.

scholarly journals Nutritional status of micronutrients as a possible and modifiable risk factor for COVID-19: a UK perspective

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
David P. Richardson ◽  
Julie A. Lovegrove
Keyword(s):  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Skin Pigmentation ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Vitamin B ◽  
Immune Functions ◽  
Balanced Diet ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Potential Risk Factors

Abstract Recent scientific evidence has indicated that the elderly have increased risk of COVID-19 infections, with over 70s and 80s being hardest hit – especially residents of care homes and in clinical settings, ethnic minorities, people who work indoors and those who are overweight and obese. Other potential risk factors include lack of exposure to sunlight, darker skin pigmentation, co-morbidities, poor diet, certain medications, disadvantaged social and economic status, and lifestyle factors such as smoking and excessive consumption of alcohol. A key question is to understand how and why certain groups of people are more susceptible to COVID-19, whether they have weakened immune systems and what the roles of good nutrition and specific micronutrients are in supporting immune functions. A varied and balanced diet with an abundance of fruits and vegetables and the essential nutrients like vitamin D, vitamin A, B vitamins (folate, vitamin B6 and vitamin B12), vitamin C and the minerals, Fe, Cu, Se and Zn are all known to contribute to the normal functions of the immune system. Avoidance of deficiencies and identification of suboptimal intakes of these micronutrients in targeted groups of patients and in distinct and highly sensitive populations could help to strengthen the resilience of people to the COVID-19 pandemic. It is important to highlight evidence-based public health messages, to prevent false and misleading claims about the benefits of foods and food supplements and to communicate clearly that the extent of knowledge between micronutrients and COVID-19 infection is still being explored and that no diet will prevent or cure COVID-19 infection. Frequent handwashing and social distancing will be critical to reduce transmission.

scholarly journals Stroke: roles of B vitamins, homocysteine and antioxidants

2009 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Concepción Sánchez-Moreno ◽  
Antonio Jiménez-Escrig ◽  
Antonio Martín
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin E ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Cell Function ◽  
Biological Marker ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
B Vitamins ◽  
Antioxidant Vitamins ◽  
Vitamin B ◽  
Plasma Vitamin ◽  
Increased Risk

In the present review concerning stroke, we evaluate the roles of B vitamins, homocysteine and antioxidant vitamins. Stroke is a leading cause of death in developed countries. However, current therapeutic strategies for stroke have been largely unsuccessful. Several studies have reported important benefits on reducing the risk of stroke and improving the post-stroke-associated functional declines in patients who ate foods rich in micronutrients, including B vitamins and antioxidant vitamins E and C. Folic acid, vitamin B6and vitamin B12are all cofactors in homocysteine metabolism. Growing interest has been paid to hyperhomocysteinaemia as a risk factor for CVD. Hyperhomocysteinaemia has been linked to inadequate intake of vitamins, particularly to B-group vitamins and therefore may be amenable to nutritional intervention. Hence, poor dietary intake of folate, vitamin B6and vitamin B12are associated with increased risk of stroke. Elevated consumption of fruits and vegetables appears to protect against stroke. Antioxidant nutrients have important roles in cell function and have been implicated in processes associated with ageing, including vascular, inflammatory and neurological damage. Plasma vitamin E and C concentrations may serve as a biological marker of lifestyle or other factors associated with reduced stroke risk and may be useful in identifying those at high risk of stroke. After reviewing the observational and intervention studies, there is an incomplete understanding of mechanisms and some conflicting findings; therefore the available evidence is insufficient to recommend the routine use of B vitamins, vitamin E and vitamin C for the prevention of stroke. A better understanding of mechanisms, along with well-designed controlled clinical trials will allow further progress in this area.

scholarly journals Suboptimal Vitamin B Intakes of Zambian Preschool Children: Evaluation of 24-Hour Dietary Recalls

2018 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 281-289 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tyler J. Titcomb ◽  
Samantha T. Schmaelzle ◽  
Emily T. Nuss ◽  
Jesse F. Gregory ◽  
Sherry A. Tanumihardjo
Keyword(s):  
Preschool Children ◽  
Dietary Diversity ◽  
Pantothenic Acid ◽  
The United States ◽  
B Vitamins ◽  
Vitamin B ◽  
Institute Of Medicine ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Vitamin Intake ◽  
B Vitamin

Background: Hidden hunger affects individuals who chronically consume an inadequate intake of at least 1 micronutrient and is associated with low dietary diversity. Little data are available on dietary intake or status assessment of B vitamins among preschool children in Zambia. Objectives: The aim of this study was to assess 24-hour dietary recall records obtained from Zambian children aged 3 to 7 years for B vitamin intake in relation to adequacy and change over time in the same community. Methods: Twenty-four-hour dietary recalls were collected from 2 studies that were 2 years apart in the same district of Zambia. Data were retrospectively analyzed for B vitamin intake, that is, biotin, vitamin B12, folate, niacin, pantothenic acid, vitamin B6, riboflavin, and thiamin. The estimated average requirement (EAR) cut point method was used to assess inadequacy prevalence for EARs established by the Institute of Medicine in the United States. Results: For all B vitamins, mean values were below the EARs established for children 4 to 8 years old. Relative to the EAR, children had the highest intakes of vitamin B6 with inadequacies of 77.9% and 60.1% in 2010 and 2012, respectively. The highest prevalence of inadequate intake was associated with folate, where ≥95% of the children had intakes below the EAR in both studies. Conclusions: All median vitamin B intakes were inadequate among these young children in rural Zambia. Future researchers and policy makers may need to consider B vitamin status in resource-poor areas of the country.

scholarly journals The B-vitamin content of baboon (Papio cynocephalus) milk

1977 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 507-511 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. H. BUSS ◽  
J. E. Ford ◽  
K. J. Scott
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Intake ◽  
Nicotinic Acid ◽  
Pantothenic Acid ◽  
B Vitamins ◽  
Vitamin B ◽  
Papio Cynocephalus ◽  
Mature Milk ◽  
Vitamin Content ◽  
The Absolute ◽  
B Vitamin

1. The B-vitamins in milk from baboons (Papio cynocephalus) at various stages of lactation were measured microbiologically.2. Mature milk contained, on average (μg/ml): thiamin 0.18, riboflavin 0.74, nicotinic acid 3.2, folate 0.03, vitamin B6 0.70, vitamin B12 0.002, pantothenic acid 2.63, biotin 0.0065.3. Colostrum contained much less vitamin B6 and pantothenic acid than mature milk; otherwise, there were only slight changes in composition as lactation progressed. Neither these changes, nor the absolute values, resembled those for human or cow's milk.4. The average daily secretion of B-vitamins in milk represented less than 10% of the mother's dietary intake; that of folate was less than 0.5% of the mother's dietary intake.5. Baboon milk was calculated to provide infants with approximately the following quantities of B-vitamins (/d): thiamin 0.06 mg, riboflavin 0.25 mg, nicotinic acid 1.1 mg, folate 10 μg, vitamin B6 0.25 mg, vitamin B12 0.7 μg, pantothenic acid 0.9 mg, biotin 2.2 μg.

B-Vitamins and Homocysteine in Spanish Institutionalized Elderly

2007 ◽  
Vol 77 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gonzalez-Gross ◽  
Sola ◽  
Albers ◽  
Barrios ◽  
Alder ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
The Elderly ◽  
B Vitamins ◽  
Serum Folate ◽  
Vitamin B ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
The Status ◽  
Total Homocysteine ◽  
Subclinical Vitamin ◽  
Vitamin B Deficiency ◽  
Diagnostic Criterion

Background: Hyperhomocysteinemia is an accepted risk factor for cardiovascular disease, and possibly also for cognitive impairment and dementia. It has also been proposed as a marker for the status of the B vitamins, which participate in the metabolism of homocysteine. Therefore, especially in the elderly, it is important to know the prevalence of high homocysteine (tHcy) levels and the influence that B vitamins have on them. Material and Methods: 218 elderly of both sexes, aged 60–105, living in an elderly home in Granada (Spain), were screened for serum folate, red blood cell (RBC) folate, serum cobalamin (B12) (Abbott, IMx), holotranscobalamin II (Holo-TC II) (HoloTC RIA, Axis-Shield), methylmalonic acid (MMA) (MS-GC), total pyridoxine (B6) (HPLC), and total homocysteine (tHcy) (Abbott, IMx). Results: Hyperhomocysteinemia (tHcy > 12 μmol/L) was detected in 80.7%. Serum folate deficiency was severe (≤ 4 ng/mL) in 19.3% and moderate (4–7 ng/mL) in 43.1%. In 14.2% of the elderly RBC folate was ≤ 175 ng/mL, and in 61.0% it was between 175–400 ng/mL. Vitamin B12, measured in serum (≤ 200 pg/mL), was deficient in 15.8%, but if measured as Holo-TC II (≤ 45 pmol/L), deficiency ranged up to 39.1%. MMA was high (≥ 300 nmol/L) in 45.6%. Vitamin B6 (< 20 nmol/L) was low only in one person. In order to identify the factors that could predict tHcy levels, a multiple regression analysis was performed. Best results corresponded to the combination of log serum folate and log Holo-TC II, which gave values of R > 0.5. If analyzed independently, the highest correlation was with log serum folate (r = –0.290), followed by RBC folate (r = –0.263), Holo-TC II (r = –0.228), log B12 (r = –0.175), and log B6 (r = –0.078). Conclusion: There is a high prevalence of vitamin B deficiency and hyperhomocysteinemia in the studied population. Our data confirm the influence of these vitamins, especially folate, on tHcy levels, but hyperhomocysteinemia cannot be used as the only diagnostic criterion to detect subclinical vitamin deficiency in elderly people, especially to detect vitamin B12 deficiency.

Homocysteine Levels Show Significant Differences among Mediterranean Dietary Quality Index Variables Compared to Folate and Vitamin B12 Status in Women

2015 ◽  
Vol 85 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 202-210 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivona Višekruna ◽  
Ivana Rumbak ◽  
Ivana Rumora Samarin ◽  
Irena Keser ◽  
Jasmina Ranilović
Keyword(s):  
Mediterranean Diet ◽  
Diet Quality ◽  
Quality Index ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Dietary Quality ◽  
Vitamin B ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Poor Diet ◽  
The Mediterranean

Abstract. Results of epidemiologic studies and clinical trials have shown that subjects following the Mediterranean diet had lower inflammatory markers such as homocysteine (Hcy). Therefore, the aim of this cross-sectional study was to assess female diet quality with the Mediterranean diet quality index (MDQI) and to determine the correlation between MDQI, homocysteine, folate and vitamin B12 levels in the blood. The study participants were 237 apparently healthy women (96 of reproductive age and 141 postmenopausal) between 25 and 93 years. For each participant, 24-hour dietary recalls for 3 days were collected, MDQI was calculated, and plasma Hcy, serum and erythrocyte folate and vitamin B12 levels were analysed. Total MDQI ranged from 8 to 10 points, which represented a medium-poor diet for the subjects. The strength of correlation using biomarkers, regardless of group type, age, gender and other measured parameters, was ranked from best (0.11) to worst (0.52) for olive oil, fish, fruits and vegetables, grains, and meat, in this order. Hcy levels showed the best response among all markers across all groups and food types. Our study shows significant differences between variables of the MDQI and Hcy levels compared to levels of folate and vitamin B12 in participants with medium-poor diet quality, as evaluated according to MDQI scores.

A further study of vitamin B deficiency and learning with rats.

1937 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 263-267 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karl S. Bernhardt ◽  
Ruth Herbert
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin B ◽  
Vitamin B Deficiency

scholarly journals The effect of vitamin B deficiency on reproduction

1925 ◽  
Vol 98 (688) ◽  
pp. 147-171 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Similar Condition ◽  
Degenerative Changes ◽  
Vitamin B ◽  
Adult Rats ◽  
Vitamin B Deficiency ◽  
Made In

A number of investigators have observed atrophy and degenerative changes in the testes of animals fed on diets deficient in the factor termed Vitamin B. Funk and Douglas (5) reported that the testicles of pigeons showing symptoms of avian polyneuritis were greatly atrophied, and that the tubules were diminished in size and contained no spermatozoa. Drummond (3) observed a similar condition in the testes of adult rats deprived of vitamin B, whilst McCarrison (8) found the atrophy of the male gonads to be very much more severe in pigeons with beri-beri than in monkeys with that disease. Allen examined the testes of rats which had been fed on Osborne and Mendels’ diet deficient in vitamin B, and found considerable derangements, to which further reference will be made in the section on Histology.

Gastric Motility in Vitamin-B Deficiency

1929 ◽  
Vol 177 (2) ◽  
pp. 307-308
Author(s):  
W. B. ROSE ◽  
C. J. STUCKY ◽  
G. R. COWGILL.
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Motility ◽  
Vitamin B ◽  
Vitamin B Deficiency
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