Short Root Anomaly in a Hispanic Population: Risk for Orthodontic Root Resorption

While the presentation of Short Root Anomaly (SRA) in Hispanic patients has been described previously, it is not known if this population is predisposed to increased orthodontic root resorption. This study evaluates the response of pre-existing short roots in Hispanic SRA patients to orthodontic treatment. Selected maxillary and mandibular teeth of 40 Hispanic SRA patients (19 male, 21 female) and 40 age and gender matched Caucasian patients (19 male, 21 female) with normal root length were evaluated for root resorption following comprehensive orthodontic treatment. The age range of the subjects was between 10 and 19 years. Relative root length was calculated before and after orthodontic treatment from digital panoramic radiographs. Overall, statistically significant root resorption occurred in the control group, but orthodontic root resorption was not significant in the Hispanic group (p > 0.05). When genders were separated, Hispanic females did experience a mild degree of root resorption in the upper incisors while resorption in Hispanic males was not significant. Caucasian females experienced greater root resorption than Caucasian males. Hispanic SRA patients may be safely treated with comprehensive orthodontics and could be at no more risk of root resorption than Caucasian patients with normal initial root length.

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Is there Correlation between the Root Apex Anatomy with External Root Resorption?

World Journal of Dentistry ◽

10.5005/jp-journals-10015-1280 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 5 (3) ◽

pp. 162-165

Author(s):

Mateus Rodrigues Tonetto ◽

Shelon Cristina Souza Pinto ◽

Alvaro Henrique Borges ◽

Mônica Barros Silva ◽

Carlo Ralph de Musis ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Orthodontic Treatment ◽

Root Resorption ◽

Panoramic Radiography ◽

Root Apex ◽

Panoramic Radiograph ◽

Short Root ◽

External Root Resorption ◽

Before And After ◽

Tooth Type ◽

Fixed Appliances

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to correlate the root apex anatomies with external root resorption in patients orthodontically treated through panoramic radiography and cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) methods. Two hundred and forty dental roots were evaluated by tomographic and radiograph images from thirty patients submitted to orthodontic treatment. Orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances was developed based on the technique of straight arc (Straightwire) with Roth prescription. Dental roots anatomy were classified based on shape as: Score 0 – normal root; Score 2 – short root; Score 2 – blunt; Score 3 – bent; and Score 4 – pipette shape. Measurements of external root resorption (ERR) were performed before and after orthodontic treatment by means of CBCT and panoramic radiograph. All patients and 72% of the 173 roots presented with ERR. The frequency of root type, the normal root (score 0) was 88.75% in panoramic radiography and only 18.75% for CBCT. The frequency of ERR was high in maxillary central incisors (73%), maxillary lateral incisors (73%), mandibular central incisors (72%), mandibular lateral incisors (70%). Statistical analysis showed no correlation between the methods, type root and tooth type (p < 0.05). The CBCT had better results for identifying apical roots resorption than panoramic radiograph, but the correlation between the type of root and ERR was not confirmed. How to cite this article Gilbert TJ, Silva MB, Pinto SCS, Bhandi SH, de Musis CR, Castro I, Estrela C, Borges AH, Tonetto MR, Bandeca MC. Is there Correlation between the Root Apex Anatomy with External Root Resorption? World J Dent 2014;5(3):162-165.

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Prevalence and severity of apical root resorption during orthodontic treatment with clear aligners and fixed appliances: a cone beam computed tomography study

Progress in Orthodontics ◽

10.1186/s40510-019-0301-1 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Yuan Li ◽

Shiyong Deng ◽

Li Mei ◽

Zhengzheng Li ◽

Xinyun Zhang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Computed Tomography ◽

Cone Beam Computed Tomography ◽

Root Length ◽

Orthodontic Treatment ◽

Root Resorption ◽

Lateral Incisor ◽

Cone Beam ◽

Apical Root Resorption ◽

Before And After ◽

Fixed Appliances

Abstract Background Fixed appliances have been the mainstream for orthodontic treatment, while clear aligners, such as Invisalign system, have become increasingly popular. The prevalence of apical root resorption (ARR) in patients with clear aligners is still controversial. The aim of this study was to investigate and compare the prevalence and severity of ARR in patients treated with clear aligners and fixed appliances using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT). Materials and methods A total of 373 roots from 70 subjects, with similar baseline characteristics and the ABO discrepancy index scores (i.e., treatment difficulty), were included into two groups: the clear aligners group (Invisalign, Align Technology, California, USA) and fixed appliances group (Victory Series; 3 M Unitek, California, USA). Root length of each anterior tooth was measured on the CBCT images by two blinded investigators. The ARR on each tooth was calculated as the difference of root length before and after orthodontic treatment. Chi-square test and paired t test was used to compare the ARR between the two groups as well as before and after orthodontic treatments. Results Prevalence of ARR in the clear aligners group (56.30%) was significantly lower than that in the fixed appliances group (82.11%) (P < 0.001). The severity of ARR in the clear aligners group (0.13 ± 0.47 mm) was significantly less than that in the fixed appliances group (1.12 ± 1.34 mm) (P < 0.001). The most severe ARR was found on the maxillary canine (1.53 ± 1.92 mm) and lateral incisor (1.31 ± 1.33 mm) in the fixed appliances group; the least ARR was found on the mandibular canine (− 0.06 ± 0.47 mm) and lateral incisor (0.04 ± 0.48 mm) in the clear aligners group (P < 0.001). Conclusions The prevalence and severity of ARR measured on CBCT in patients with clear aligners were less than those in patients with fixed appliances.

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Predisposing factors to severe external root resorption associated to orthodontic treatment

Dental Press Journal of Orthodontics ◽

10.1590/s2176-94512013000100022 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 18 (1) ◽

pp. 110-120 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

Gracemia Vasconcelos Picanço ◽

Karina Maria Salvatore de Freitas ◽

Rodrigo Hermont Cançado ◽

Fabricio Pinelli Valarelli ◽

Paulo Roberto Barroso Picanço ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Root Length ◽

Orthodontic Treatment ◽

Alveolar Bone ◽

Root Resorption ◽

Treatment Time ◽

Predisposing Factors ◽

Crown Root ◽

External Root Resorption ◽

Lateral Cephalograms ◽

Maxillary Incisors

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate predisposing factors among patients who developed moderate or severe external root resorption (Malmgren's grades 3 and 4), on the maxillary incisors, during fixed orthodontic treatment in the permanent dentition. METHODS: Ninety-nine patients who underwent orthodontic treatment with fixed edgewise appliances were selected. Patients were divided into two groups: G1 - 50 patients with no root resorption or presenting only apical irregularities (Malmgren's grades 0 and 1) at the end of the treatment, with mean initial age of 16.79 years and mean treatment time of 3.21 years; G2 - 49 patients presenting moderate or severe root resorption (Malmgren's grades 3 and 4) at the end of treatment on the maxillary incisors, with mean initial age of 19.92 years and mean treatment time of 3.98 years. Periapical radiographs and lateral cephalograms were evaluated. Factors that could influence the occurrence of severe root resorption were also recorded. Statistical analysis included chi-square tests, Fisher's exact test and independent t tests. RESULTS: The results demonstrated significant difference between the groups for the variables: Extractions, initial degree of root resorption, root length and crown/root ratio at the beginning, and cortical thickness of the alveolar bone. CONCLUSION: It can be concluded that: Presence of root resorption before the beginning of treatment, extractions, reduced root length, decreased crown/root ratio and thin alveolar bone represent risk factors for severe root resorption in maxillary incisors during orthodontic treatment.

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The Impact of Orthodontic Treatment on Pre-Existing Gingival Recessions: A Retrospective Study

Applied Sciences ◽

10.3390/app11199036 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (19) ◽

pp. 9036

Author(s):

Guostė Antanavičienė ◽

Eglė Zasčiurinskienė ◽

Dalia Smailienė ◽

Nomeda Basevičienė

Keyword(s):

Retrospective Study ◽

Orthodontic Treatment ◽

Negative Impact ◽

Open Bite ◽

Class Iii ◽

Before And After ◽

Pre Treatment ◽

Mandibular Teeth ◽

The Impact ◽

Plaster Models

(1) Background: This retrospective study aimed to examine the change of gingival recessions (GR) before and after orthodontic treatment (OT). (2) Methods: Patients who had at least one GR on the vestibular surface of maxillary/mandibular teeth mesial to first molars were included. GR was measured on good quality plaster models before and after OT. (3) Results: Significant improvement of mean GR at patient level was found between T0 and T1 (0.45 mm, 95% CI: 0.28, 0.62) (p < 0.001). In 51.4% of patients GRs became better, in 37.8% GRs did not change. and in 10.8% GRs became worse. At tooth level the mean GR improvement was 0.54 mm (CI: 0.42, 0.65; median 0.55 mm Q1; Q3: 0.12, 0.96) (p < 0.001). GR improved in 67 teeth (58.7%), did not change in 41 (36.0%), and worsened in 6 (5.3%). Full healing was observed in 15 teeth. A reduced GR improvement was found in cases with pre-treatment open bite (OR 3.89; CI: 1.35, 11.16; p = 0.008) and dental Class III patients (OR 2.6; CI: 1.11, 6.0; p = 0.026). (4) Conclusion: There was an improvement of GR after OT in more than half of the patients. Class III malocclusion and reduced pre-treatment overbite had a negative impact on GR improvement.

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Apical root resorption during orthodontic treatment with aligners? A retrospective radiometric study

Head & Face Medicine ◽

10.1186/1746-160x-9-21 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 21

Author(s):

Elena Krieger ◽

Thomas Drechsler ◽

Irene Schmidtmann ◽

Collin Jacobs ◽

Simeon Haag ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Root Length ◽

Orthodontic Treatment ◽

Influence Factor ◽

Root Resorption ◽

Post Treatment ◽

Anterior Crowding ◽

Anterior Teeth ◽

Lateral Cephalograms ◽

Length Changes ◽

Pre Treatment

Abstract Introduction Objective of this study was to investigate the incidence and severity of apical root resorptions (ARR) during orthodontic treatment with aligners. Materials and methods The sample comprised 100 patients (17–75 years of age) with a class I occlusion and anterior crowding before treatment, treated exclusively with aligners (Invisalign®, Align Technologies, Santa Clara, CA, USA). The following teeth were assessed: upper and lower anterior teeth and first molars. Root and crown lengths of a total of 1600 teeth were measured twice in pre- and post-treatment panoramic radiographs. Afterwards, relative changes of the root length during treatment were calculated by a root-crown-ratio taking pre- and post-treatment root and crown lengths into consideration. A reduction of this ratio was considered as a shortening of the initial root length. Additionally, tooth movements of the front teeth were assessed by lateral cephalograms and the 3-dimensonal set up of each patient. Results All patients had a reduction of the pre-treatment root length with a minimum of two teeth. On average 7.36 teeth per patient were affected. 54% of 1600 measured teeth showed no measurable root reduction. A reduction of >0%-10% of the pre-treatment root length was found in 27.75%, a distinct reduction of >10%-20% in 11.94%. 6.31% of all teeth were affected with a considerable reduction of >20%. We found no statistically significant correlation between relative root length changes and the individual tooth, gender, age or sagittal and vertical orthodontic tooth movement; except for extrusion of upper front teeth, which was considered as not clinical relevant due to the small amount of mean 4% ARR. Conclusions The present study is the first analyzing ARR in patients with a fully implemented orthodontic treatment with aligners (i.e. resolving anterior crowding). The variety was high and no clinical relevant influence factor could be detected. A minimum of two teeth with a root length reduction was found in every patient. On average, 7.36 teeth per patient were affected.

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Apical Resorption of Upper Incisors and Canines During Orthodontic Treatment in Class III Orthognathic Surgery Patients – a Longitudinal Cone Beam Computer Tomography Study

Acta Chirurgica Latviensis ◽

10.1515/chilat-2017-0013 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 17 (1) ◽

pp. 23-28

Author(s):

Ieva Gavare ◽

Ilga Urtane ◽

Gundega Jakobsone ◽

Laura Neimane

Keyword(s):

Root Length ◽

Orthognathic Surgery ◽

Orthodontic Treatment ◽

Root Resorption ◽

Cone Beam ◽

Class Iii ◽

Crown Root ◽

Post Surgery ◽

Dentofacial Deformity ◽

Cone Beam Computer Tomography

Summary Introduction. Although severe root resorption is rare, it is a side effect of orthodontic treatment which affects tooth prognosis. Patients with severe dentofacial deformity, for whom orthodontic treatment and orthognathic surgery was done at the age of 18 and later, had long duration orthodontic treatment and orthognathic surgery, and are at a high risk of root resorption. The impact of orthognathic surgery on root resorption has not been sufficiently studied, and therefore is an interesting topic to research. Aim of the Study. To identify the risk factors for apical root resorption of maxillary incisors and canines as a result of orthodontic and surgical treatment of Class III malocclusion involving LeFort I osteotomy. Material and methods. The root lengths of upper incisors and canines were measured on cone beam computer tomography (CBCT) scans obtained from a database of orthognathic surgery patients. As a criteria for root resorption was chosen the difference in root lengths between different time points. The measurements were performed using the scans taken before orthodontic treatment (T1), before surgery (T2), and after post surgery orthodontic treatment (T3), of 28 subjects, aged 20.5 ± 3.81 years, with the mean presurgery treatment time of 19.9 ± 8.8 months, and post-surgery time of 7.1 ± 3.1 months. Changes in root lengths during different time spans were correlated with treatment duration, the initial crown/root ratio, and the severity of dentofacial deformity (Wits appraisal, ANB angle, and overjet). Results. During T1 - T2 the roots of the lateral incisors shortened by a maximum of 0.78 ± 0.83 mm (p < 0.001), at a rate of 0.04 mm per month. During T2 - T3 the lengths of the central incisor roots decreased most by 0.49 ± 0.52 (p < 0.001) at a rate of 0.07 mm per month. The resorption speed for canines increased from 0.03 mm to 0.1 mm per month before and after surgery. There were statistically significant correlations between the crown-root ratio and the incisor root length (r = 0.319 for lateral and r = 303 for central, both p<0,05) and for canines (r = 482, p<0.01). The associations between the shortened root length, in different time spans for different teeth, and the severity of malocclusion were inconsistent. Conclusions. Overall, the shortened root length during combined orthodontic and surgical treatment might not be clinically significant. After surgery, the rate of root resorption (mm per month) increased, especially for canines. The teeth with initially shorter roots showed more resorption during treatment.

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Maxillary anterior root resorption in Class II/I malocclusion patients post fixed orthodontic treatment

Dental Journal (Majalah Kedokteran Gigi) ◽

10.20473/j.djmkg.v53.i4.p201-205 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 53 (4) ◽

pp. 201

Author(s):

Fransiska Rima Tallo ◽

Ida Bagus Narmada ◽

I. G. A. Wahju Ardani

Keyword(s):

Orthodontic Treatment ◽

Evaluation Method ◽

Root Resorption ◽

Average Length ◽

Extraction Methods ◽

Orthodontic Appliances ◽

Maxillary Central Incisor ◽

Skeletal Class ◽

Fixed Orthodontic Appliances ◽

Before And After

Background: Previous studies on root resorption were reviewed by panoramic radiographs. Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) showed that 41.5% of teeth experienced resorption when panoramically examinated, while 68% of teeth experienced resorption when the examination method used was CBCT. Root resorption occurs in the maxillary central incisor (as much as 74%) and in the maxillary lateral incisor (as much as 82%). The maxillary canines have the most resorption, followed by the lateral maxillary incisors. Purpose: The aim of this study was to determine the differences of apical resorption in anterior maxillary teeth before and after orthodontic treatment in skeletal Class I/II cases of extraction. Methods: Samples from this study were the results of panoramic photographs of 50 patients treated by fixed orthodontic appliances at the Dental and Oral Hospital Airlangga University. These were selected according to the sample criteria. The evaluation method consists of measuring root and crown lengths with a digital application (RadiAnt DICOM Viewer). Subsequently, the measurements were evaluated using CBCT images. Results: The data were statistically analysed using normality tests with Shapiro–Wilk and Kolmogorov–Smirnov tests. Based on the results of paired sample tests, it was found that every treatment group had significant differences in the average length of the crowns and roots, with a result of p=0.000 (p<0.05). Conclusion: The use of CBCT is considered quite effective and accurate in evaluating root resorption compared to panoramic photographs.

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Contact of the incisive canal and upper central incisors causing root resorption after retraction with orthodontic mini-implants: A CBCT study

The Angle Orthodontist ◽

10.2319/042318-311.1 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 89 (2) ◽

pp. 200-205 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Yichen Pan ◽

Si Chen

Keyword(s):

Root Length ◽

Root Resorption ◽

Incisive Canal ◽

Contact Group ◽

Mini Implants ◽

Anterior Teeth ◽

Before And After ◽

External Apical Root Resorption ◽

The Relationship ◽

Cone Beam Computer Tomography

ABSTRACT Objectives: To explore risk factors for contact between the incisive canal (IC) and upper central incisors (U1) and to evaluate the relationship between contact and root resorption using cone-beam computer tomography (CBCT). Materials and Methods: This retrospective study used CBCT data of 33 patients treated by a senior orthodontist. Anterior teeth were retracted with mini-implants, and CBCT scans were taken before and after retraction. IC height and width, U1 lingual movement, and U1-IC distance and root length decrease were compared between contact and noncontact groups. Results: Sixteen U1 roots in 11 patients touched the IC. The contact group had lower positioned ICs (2.86 ± 1.10 mm) than the noncontact group (4.07 ± 1.72 mm). The middle of the U1 roots showed more lingual movement to ICs in the contact group (2.30 ± 1.20 mm) than in the noncontact group (1.07 ± 1.16 mm). Right central incisors were closer to the IC than were the left. Root length decreased significantly more in the contact group (2.63 ± 0.93 mm) than in the noncontact group (1.14 ± 0.83 mm). Conclusions: There is a risk for the U1 root to contact the IC during anterior retraction when the IC is lower positioned. This contact might cause external apical root resorption.

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Evaluation of the Perspectives of Orthodontists and Laypersons About the Effect of Orthodontic Treatment on Facial Aesthetics of Young Turkish Patients

Journal of Advanced Oral Research ◽

10.1177/2320206821998569 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 232020682199856

Author(s):

Ahmet Fidancioglu ◽

Sıddık Malkoc ◽

Özge Çelik Güler

Keyword(s):

Orthodontic Treatment ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Class Iii ◽

Facial Aesthetics ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Angle Class ◽

Before And After ◽

Treatment Changes ◽

And Gender ◽

Turkish Patients

Aim: To compare the perspective of orthodontists and laypersons on the effects of orthodontic treatment on facial aesthetics in young Classes I, II, and III Turkish patients. Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, a total of 60 patients (30 males and 30 females, 9 to 17 years of age) was included using randomization in strata and then divided equally ( n = 15) into four groups according to the Angle classification. Photographs during frontal and lateral resting and also smiling were obtained from each patient before and after orthodontic treatment. A panel consisting 50 laypersons and 50 orthodontists was invited for the evaluation of the initial and final photos by using the visual analogue scale and a five-point scale to determine similarities and differences of their perspectives in the effects of orthodontic treatment on facial aesthetics. The data were analyzed by independent t-test, one-way analysis of variance, and Pearson’s correlation test. Results: The evaluation of facial aesthetics and treatment changes were not affected by the age and gender of the panel members ( P <.05). Angle Class III patients were given lower scores by both orthodontists ( P < .001) and laypersons ( P < .05), but no significant differences were found between any of other classes ( P >.05). Orthodontists reported greater improvement for Class III than in Class II Division 1 ( P < .05) however laypersons did not notice the changes after orthodontic treatment for any of Angle classes ( P >.05). Conclusion: Class III patients received lower scores for aesthetics from both panels. Laypersons may not be concerned about the effects of orthodontic treatment on facial aesthetics in patients with any Angle class. Orthodontists have seen more facial aesthetic changes after orthodontic treatment in Class III patients.

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Pulp volume changes after piezocision-assisted tooth movement: a randomized clinical trial

10.21203/rs.3.rs-52920/v2 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Abdulkarim A. Hatrom ◽

Mohammad S. Howait ◽

Khalid H. Zawawi ◽

Ghassan A. Al-Turki ◽

Reem A. Alansari ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Clinical Trial ◽

Randomized Clinical Trial ◽

Root Length ◽

Orthodontic Treatment ◽

Tooth Movement ◽

Root Resorption ◽

Volume Changes ◽

Anterior Teeth ◽

Length Changes ◽

En Masse Retraction

Abstract Background Orthodontic treatment has some undesirable side effects, such as root resorption and a decrease in the size of the pulp tissue which are relatively associated with the duration of the orthodontic treatment. Piezocision-assisted tooth movement was introduced as a minimally invasive surgical procedure with an aim to shorten orthodontic treatment time. This prospective randomized clinical trial was aimed to compare the pulp volume changes of maxillary anterior teeth after en-masse retraction with or without piezocision-assisted orthodontics. Methods Patients who required orthodontic treatment with bilateral maxillary first premolar extractions and en-masse retraction were recruited. Patients were randomly divided into extraction with piezocision, or only extraction, serving as controls. Pulp volume and root length changes of the maxillary six anterior teeth were measured and compared between the two groups using a 3-Dimensional analytical software. Paired and independent sample t-tests were used to compare within and between groups. Bivariate correlation was done between the mean change in pulp volume and its corresponding root length. The significance level was set at α = 0.05. Results A total of 23 patients were included, 12 in the piezocision, and 11 in the control group. At the end of the en-masse retraction phase (mean = 122.74 ±3.06 days) pulp volume was significantly decreased in all six anterior teeth in both groups ( P < 0.01). The decrease in pulp volume was not statistically different between both groups, ( P > 0.05). There was a statistically significant but moderate correlation only between the pulp volume change of the right canine and its root length, r = 0.44, P = 0.034. Conclusions The effect of piezocision-assisted orthodontic tooth movement on the pulp volume was comparable to the conventional orthodontic treatment. The degree of change in pulp volume does not appear to be related to the amount of root resorption. Trial registration: NCT03180151.

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