scholarly journals Optimal Energy Portfolios in the Electricity Sector: Trade-Offs and Interplay Between Different Flexibility Options

2021 ◽  
pp. 177-198
Author(s):  
Steffi Schreiber ◽  
Christoph Zöphel ◽  
Dominik Möst
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Electricity Sector ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
System Transformation ◽  
Need For Power ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Optimal Mix ◽  
Low Carbon Technologies ◽  
Flexibility Options

AbstractThe expansion of renewable energy sources (RES) and the electrification of demand side sectors raise the need for power system flexibility. The following model-based analysis illustrates the complexity of the European energy system transformation with pathways regarding the RES expansion, sector coupling, and different levels of flexibility provision. Differences occur concerning the optimal mix of flexibility options between the moderate and ambitious climate target scenarios. Dispatchable back-up capacities are necessary, also in presence of high RES shares. Here, CO2 prices influence the role of low-carbon technologies. Due to cross-sectoral interactions, energy storages have a limited value. For the ambitious scenarios, the emission reductions come close to the Green Deal targets of the European Commission, while levelized costs of electricity increase moderately compared to the less ambitious scenario.

scholarly journals District Heating and Cooling Systems

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iván De la Cruz ◽  
Carlos E. Ugalde-Loo
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
District Heating ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Optimal Operation ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Automatic Control Systems ◽  
Heating And Cooling ◽  
Net Zero ◽  
Cold Store ◽  
Low Carbon Technologies

Decarbonisation of the energy sector is a crucial ambition towards meeting net-zero targets and achieving climate change mitigation. Heating and cooling accounts for over a third of UK greenhouse emissions and, thus, decarbonisation of this sector has attracted significant attention from a range of stakeholders, including energy system operators, manufacturers, research institutions and policy makers. Particularly, the role of district heating and cooling (DHC) systems will be critical, as these two energy vectors are central to our lives not only for comfort and daily activities, but also to facilitate productive workplaces and to run a variety of industrial processes. The optimal operation of DHC systems and the design of efficient strategies to produce heat and cold, store thermal energy, and meet heating and cooling demands, together with an increased integration of low carbon technologies and local renewable energy sources, are vital to reduce energy consumption and carbon emissions alike. This chapter reviews relevant aspects of DHC systems, their main elements, automatic control systems and optimal management.

scholarly journals Introduction

2021 ◽  
pp. 3-7
Author(s):  
Dominik Möst ◽  
Steffi Schreiber ◽  
Martin Jakob
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Technological Learning ◽  
Technology Plan ◽  
Energy Technologies ◽  
Policy Measures ◽  
Flexibility Options ◽  
Low Carbon Energy ◽  
The Impact

AbstractThe future energy system in Europe needs to be decarbonized and thus be based almost exclusively on renewable energy sources. Therefore it is challenged by the intermittent nature of renewables and requires several flexibility options. The interaction between different options and the impact on environment and society are in the focus of this contribution. It is the core objective of this book to analyze and evaluate the development toward a low-carbon energy system with focus on flexibility options in the EU to support the implementation of the Strategy Energy Technology Plan. The analyses are based on a bottom-up modeling environment that considers current and future energy technologies, policy measures and their impact on environment and society while considering technological learning of low-carbon and flexibility technologies.

Optimal approaches to manage power system decarbonation

2020 ◽  
Vol 64 (1-4) ◽  
pp. 1447-1452
Author(s):  
Vincent Mazauric ◽  
Ariane Millot ◽  
Claude Le Pape-Gardeux ◽  
Nadia Maïzi
Keyword(s):  
Free Energy ◽  
Linear Programming ◽  
Phase Transitions ◽  
Power System ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Faraday’S Law ◽  
Optimal Description ◽  
Low Carbon Technologies

To overcome the negative environemental impact of the actual power system, an optimal description of quasi-static electromagnetics relying on a reversible interpretation of the Faraday’s law is given. Due to the overabundance of carbon-free energy sources, this description makes it possible to consider an evolution towards an energy system favoring low-carbon technologies. The management for changing is then explored through a simplified linear-programming problem and an analogy with phase transitions in physics is drawn.

scholarly journals The Deltah Lab, a New Multidisciplinary European Facility to Support the H2 Distribution & Storage Economy

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 3272
Author(s):  
Sara Stelitano ◽  
Alberto Rullo ◽  
Luigi Piredda ◽  
Elisabetta Mecozzi ◽  
Luigi Di Vito ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Storage Capacity ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Energy System ◽  
System Transformation ◽  
Life Tests ◽  
Storage Methods ◽  
Complementary Techniques ◽  
H2 Effect ◽  
Empty Condition ◽  
New Facility

The target for European decarburization encourages the use of renewable energy sources and H2 is considered the link in the global energy system transformation. So, research studies are numerous, but only few facilities can test materials and components for H2 storage. This work offers a brief review of H2 storage methods and presents the preliminary results obtained in a new facility. Slow strain rate and fatigue life tests were performed in H2 at 80 MPa on specimens and a tank of AISI 4145, respectively. Besides, the storage capacity at 30 MPa of a solid-state system, they were evaluated on kg scale by adsorption test. The results have shown the H2 influence on mechanical properties of the steel. The adsorption test showed a gain of 26% at 12 MPa in H2 storage with respect to the empty condition. All samples have been characterized by complementary techniques in order to connect the H2 effect with material properties.

Foundations for a Low-Carbon Energy System in China

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henry Lee ◽  
Daniel P. Schrag ◽  
Matthew Bunn ◽  
Michael Davidson ◽  
Wei Peng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Electricity Sector ◽  
Electricity Production ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Electricity Pricing ◽  
Energy Policies ◽  
Near Term ◽  
Low Carbon Energy

Climate change is a key problem of the 21st century. China, as the largest emitter of greenhouse gases, has committed to stabilize its current emissions and dramatically increase the share of electricity production from non-fossil fuels by 2030. However, this is only a first step: in the longer term, China needs to aggressively strive to reach a goal of zero-emissions. Through detailed discussions of electricity pricing, electric vehicle policies, nuclear energy policies, and renewable energy policies, this book reviews how near-term climate and energy policies can affect long-term decarbonization pathways beyond 2030, building the foundations for decarbonization in advance of its realization. Focusing primarily on the electricity sector in China - the main battleground for decarbonization over the next century – it provides a valuable resource for researchers and policymakers, as well as energy and climate experts.

scholarly journals The contribution of distributed flexibility potentials to corrective transmission system operation for strongly renewable energy systems

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Till Kolster ◽  
Rainer Krebs ◽  
Stefan Niessen ◽  
Mathias Duckheim
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Distribution Systems ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Energy Systems ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Transmission System ◽  
System Operation ◽  
Renewable Energy Systems ◽  
Flexibility Options ◽  
Distribution Grids

<div>Corrective transmission system operation can help integrate more renewable energy sources and save redispatch costs by providing a higher utilization of the power grid.</div><div>However, reliable and fast provision of flexibility are key to achieve corrective operation. <br></div><div>This work develops a new method to determine if flexibility from distribution grids is available on transmission corridors when needed. An analysis of the German energy system in the year 2030 is performed to estimate the potential of different flexibility options and shows the potential flexibility distribution systems can contribute to a corrective transmission system operation.<br> </div>

scholarly journals Optimized design and simulation of a hybrid storage system based on hydrogen as an energy carrier

2022 ◽  
Vol 334 ◽  
pp. 03002
Author(s):  
Maria Alessandra Ancona ◽  
Michele Bianchi ◽  
Lisa Branchini ◽  
Francesco Catena ◽  
Andrea De Pascale ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Production ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Storage System ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Calculation Model ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Optimized Design ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Low Carbon Economy ◽  
And Storage

The integration of renewable energy sources into the electricity system can contribute to the development of a low-carbon economy. However, due to the intermittency and non-programmability of these sources, problems related to the management of local electricity grids may occur. A possible solution or limitation to these issues is given by the electrical storage. In addition, in the next future, domestic micro-grids are expected to play a fundamental role in electric power networks, driving both the academic and industrial research interests in developing highly efficient and reliable conversion and storage technologies. In this study, the behavior of a small-scale hybrid energy system for hydrogen production and storage has been predicted, by means of a developed calculation model, and the operational strategy of the system has been optimized with the aim to maximize the hydrogen production. In addition, with the aim to maximize the overall solar-to-hydrogen chain efficiency, the whole system model has been applied to different operating scenarios, to identify the optimal management strategy to control it.

scholarly journals Design of a multi-energy system under different hydrogen deployment scenarios

2021 ◽  
Vol 238 ◽  
pp. 02001
Author(s):  
Lorenzo Bartolucci ◽  
Stefano Cordiner ◽  
Vincenzo Mulone ◽  
Stefano Pasquale
Keyword(s):  
Proton Exchange Membrane ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Storage System ◽  
Effective Means ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Proton Exchange ◽  
Mixed Integer ◽  
Optimization Approach ◽  
Pure Hydrogen ◽  
Low Carbon

Multi Energy Systems (MES) are effective means to increase Renewable Energy Sources (RES) penetration in the energy system and therefore to move toward a decentralized low-carbon system. Several energy vectors can be integrated together to exploit synergies in a MES framework, such as electricity, heat and hydrogen. The latter is one of the most promising energy carriers to promote widespread use of MES. Predictive management and well-defined sizing methodology are mandatory to achieve maximum performance out of MES. In this study a grid-connected MES consisting of a photovoltaic (PV) plant, a Battery Energy Storage System (BESS) and a Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC) as a programmable Combined Cooling Heat and Power (CCHP) source, is modelled. Natural gas is considered as an alternative fuel to pure hydrogen. Mixed Integer Linear Programming and Genetic Algorithm are used respectively to solve operation and sizing problems. A single-objective optimization approach, including emission factors as optimization constraints, is carried out to find the optimal configuration of the MES. Several future scenarios are studied, considering different percentages of hydrogen in the gas mixture and comparing the techno-economic performance of the system with respect to a pure hydrogen fueling scenario. Results showed that the environmental objective within the design optimization, promote the use of hydrogen, especially in scenarios with high share of green hydrogen.

scholarly journals Carbon Pricing and Complementary Policies—Consistency of the Policy Mix for Decarbonizing Buildings in Germany

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (21) ◽  
pp. 7143
Author(s):  
Sibylle Braungardt ◽  
Veit Bürger ◽  
Benjamin Köhler
Keyword(s):  
Policy Instruments ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Electricity Sector ◽  
Transport Sector ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Policy Mix ◽  
Carbon Pricing ◽  
Pricing Scheme ◽  
Low Carbon Energy

While it is widely acknowledged that carbon pricing plays an important role in driving the transition towards a low-carbon energy system, its interaction with complementary instruments is discussed controversially. The analysis of combining carbon pricing with complementary policies has been mostly focused on the electricity sector, while the role of carbon pricing in the buildings sector has received only minor interest. In view of the newly introduced carbon pricing scheme for the buildings and transport sector in Germany, we analyze the interactions between the carbon pricing scheme with the existing policy instruments and assess the consistency of the policy mix for decarbonizing the buildings sector. Our analysis finds that the introduction of carbon pricing has a reinforcing effect on the instrument mix and adds to the consistency of the policy mix. The results highlight the importance of complementary policies in order to achieve deep decarbonization in the buildings sector. We conclude that carbon pricing, preferably implemented as a tax with a predictable and increasing price level, needs to be supplemented with a powerful mix of complementary measures.

Assessment of soft and hard linking approaches of integrated water-energy simulation

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mikiyas Etichia ◽  
Eduardo Alejandro Martinez ◽  
Julien Harou ◽  
Mathaios Panteli
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Computational Cost ◽  
Energy Systems ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Domestic Water ◽  
Sustainable Solutions ◽  
System Models ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Operation Rules ◽  
Trade Offs

&lt;p&gt;The strong synergies between water and energy use are becoming increasingly evident nowadays. It is becoming more and more apparent that significant benefits can be gained if both resources are managed in an integrated manner, which can be critical to improve efficiencies, reduce trade-offs, and find better and more sustainable solutions to future energy and water resources scarcity problems. Two types of approaches have drawn attention to integrate water and power system models, namely soft-link and hard-link approaches. Soft-linking approaches involve iterations, wherein the two system models are simulated independently, and their outputs (e.g., water available for hydropower generation) are passed to the other model until convergence is reached. In hard-link approaches, both the water and power systems are simulated with a single optimization model. More research to understand better the implications of different water-energy linking approaches, their computational cost, flexibility, and scalability are critically needed.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;In this work water and energy system network models are linked with varying levels of integration (i.e., gradually moving from soft to hard link approaches) to demonstrate the advantages and disadvantages of the different types of links. The water and energy model includes multi-purpose storage reservoirs, irrigation, and domestic water users, renewable energy sources, and conventional power generators. Results show that soft linking approaches are more suitable for water-energy systems with fixed reservoir operation rules. Hard linking approaches are proven to be more suitable for cases with well established water and energy markets and can be computationally cheaper than soft linking approaches. Better joint simulation will help investigate better ways to manage and invest in water-energy systems.&lt;/p&gt;

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