scholarly journals The Challenge of Climate Change—Complete Energy Systems Transformation: No Nuclear, No Net Zero

Nuclear Law ◽  
2022 ◽  
pp. 85-140
Author(s):  
Timothy Stone
Keyword(s):  
National Policy ◽  
Energy Systems ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Call To Action ◽  
Net Zero ◽  
Primary Energy Supply ◽  
Systems Transformation

AbstractTo achieve Net Zero, natural gas, gasoline, diesel, and fuel oils must be replaced with another source. However, most of the current low-carbon energy sources will also need to be replaced as almost none have more than about 25 years remaining of useful life. The pace and scale of the needed change is unprecedented: almost the whole of the world’s primary energy supply must be replaced. The (re)development of the entire energy system is inherently a sovereign risk and it can only be governments who set national energy policy. There is no doubt that markets will continue to play a part in future energy systems, but at the top level, the pace and scale of change to achieve Net Zero is simply far too fast for markets to adapt properly. This chapter is a call to action to the national policy makers and presents this challenge as an opportunity for creating higher-quality jobs and potentially highly attractive and long-dated investment options. The chapter also outlines some risks, including political indecisiveness and policy volatility as potential impediments to making the most of this opportunity and achieving the Net Zero.

scholarly journals Dynamic Modelling of LNG Powered Combined Energy Systems in Port Areas

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (12) ◽  
pp. 3640
Author(s):  
Davide Borelli ◽  
Francesco Devia ◽  
Corrado Schenone ◽  
Federico Silenzi ◽  
Luca A. Tagliafico
Keyword(s):  
Energy Savings ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Dynamic Modelling ◽  
Energy Systems ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
Time Behavior ◽  
Vapor Compression Refrigeration Cycle ◽  
Integrated Energy System ◽  
Energy Share

Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) is a crucial resource to reduce the environmental impact of fossil-fueled vehicles, especially with regards to maritime transport, where LNG is increasingly used for ship bunkering. The present paper gives insights on how the installation of LNG tanks inside harbors can be capitalized to increase the energy efficiency of port cities and reduce GHG emissions. To this purpose, a novel integrated energy system is introduced. The Boil Off Gas (BOG) from LNG tanks is exploited in a combined plant, where heat and power are produced by a regenerated gas turbine cycle; at the same time, cold exergy from LNG regasification contributes to an increase in the efficiency of a vapor compression refrigeration cycle. In the paper, the integrated energy system is simulated by means of dynamic modeling under daily variable working conditions. Results confirm that the model is stable and able to determine the time behavior of the integrated plant. Energy saving is evaluated, and daily trends of key thermophysical parameters are reported and discussed. The analysis of thermal recovering from the flue gases shows that it is possible to recover a large energy share from the turbine exhausts. Hence, the system can generate electricity for port cold ironing and, through a secondary brine loop, cold exergy for a refrigeration plant. Overall, the proposed solution allows primary energy savings up to 22% when compared with equivalent standard technologies with the same final user needs. The exploitation of an LNG regasification process through smart integration of energy systems and implementation of efficient energy grids can contribute to greener energy management in harbors.

Primary Energy System Chain Security Under the Energy Transition

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Osamah Alsayegh
Keyword(s):  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Energy Transition ◽  
System Security ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Low Carbon Energy

Abstract This paper examines the energy transition consequences on the oil and gas energy system chain as it propagates from net importing through the transit to the net exporting countries (or regions). The fundamental energy system security concerns of importing, transit, and exporting regions are analyzed under the low carbon energy transition dynamics. The analysis is evidence-based on diversification of energy sources, energy supply and demand evolution, and energy demand management development. The analysis results imply that the energy system is going through technological and logistical reallocation of primary energy. The manifestation of such reallocation includes an increase in electrification, the rise of energy carrier options, and clean technologies. Under healthy and normal global economic growth, the reallocation mentioned above would have a mild effect on curbing the oil and gas primary energy demands growth. A case study concerning electric vehicles, which is part of the energy transition aspect, is presented to assess its impact on the energy system, precisely on the fossil fuel demand. Results show that electric vehicles are indirectly fueled, mainly from fossil-fired power stations through electric grids. Moreover, oil byproducts use in the electric vehicle industry confirms the reallocation of the energy system components' roles. The paper's contribution to the literature is the portrayal of the energy system security state under the low carbon energy transition. The significance of this representation is to shed light on the concerns of the net exporting, transit, and net importing regions under such evolution. Subsequently, it facilitates the development of measures toward mitigating world tensions and conflicts, enhancing the global socio-economic wellbeing, and preventing corruption.

Producción de biogás desde residuos urbanos en Rio de Janeiro

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 33
Author(s):  
Anaide Ferraço
Keyword(s):  
Global Warming ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Organic Waste ◽  
Organic Materials ◽  
National Policy ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Low Carbon Energy ◽  
Selection Of

With the current consensus about the need to decarbonise the energy system to decrease its GHG emissions in order to mitigate global warming, biogas has been growing worldwide as a low carbon energy alternative. Biogas originates from the biological breakdown of organic materials. This process happens in landll sites when organic waste decomposes and produces what is known as landll gas. In compliance with the Brazilian National Policy on Solid Waste, in 2012 Jardim Gramacho landll, was closed, leaving a poll of 1,700 scavengers without their livelihood. De dump was not only important for those workers but also for approximately 12,000 inhabitants depending directly or indirectly from the waste picking activities. After de closure, a biogas plant was built on the site to collect and process methane originated in the old dump. This enterprise presented environmental improvements to the region. However, the residents who worked on the selection of recycling materials were left without a source of income. Up to now not enough public policies were implemented to ensure livelihood improvements to the waste pickers and inhabitants of Jardim Gramacho district.

Low Carbon Transition of Power System in China: Pathways and Policy Design Implications

2011 ◽  
Vol 361-363 ◽  
pp. 1832-1836
Author(s):  
Chang Hong Zhao ◽  
Yan Xu ◽  
Jia Hai Yuan
Keyword(s):  
Policy Design ◽  
Reference Value ◽  
Energy Transition ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Transition Management ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Package Design ◽  
Electricity System ◽  
Low Carbon Energy

This paper studies the low carbon transition of electricity system in China. The paper describes the approach, which builds on transitions and transition management using a multi-level perspective (MLP) of niches, socio-technical regime and landscape. A MLP analysis on China’s power sector is presented to understand the current landscape, regime and niches. Five transition pathways with their possible technology options are presented. The paper goes further to propose an interactive management framework for low carbon energy system transition in China and reprehensive technology options are appraised to indicate the policy package design logic in the framework. The work in the paper will be useful in informing policy-makers and other stakeholders and may provide reference value for other countries for energy transition management.

scholarly journals Thoughts on China’s energy transition outlook

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 59-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wang Zhongying ◽  
Kaare Sandholt
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Energy Systems ◽  
Energy Transition ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Security Of Supply ◽  
Transition Analysis ◽  
The Past ◽  
Policy Measures ◽  
Sustainable Energy System

Abstract China’s strong economic growth over the past 40 years has been followed by similar strong growth in energy consumption, based on coal. A continuation of this development is not sustainable, and China has set new ambitious targets for future energy systems development, which in reality calls for a genuine energy revolution in order to build a clean, low-carbon, safe, and efficient energy system towards 2035 and 2050. This paper looks at the mechanisms behind the energy transition, analysis of a concrete case for a sustainable energy system in 2050, and points to policy measures and instruments to ensure the necessary progress in this energy transition. The case shows that it is possible for China in 2050 to reduce CO2 emission to one-third of today’s emission while at the same time maintaining economic growth, improving security of supply, air quality, and economic efficiency of the power system.

scholarly journals A Net-Zero Energy System Solution for Russian Rural Communities

2018 ◽  
Vol 69 ◽  
pp. 01013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pio Lombardi ◽  
Bartlomiej Arendarski ◽  
Konstantin Suslov ◽  
Natalia Shamarova ◽  
Polina Sokolnikova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Energy Systems ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Consumer Participation ◽  
Renewable Sources ◽  
Net Zero Energy ◽  
Net Zero ◽  
System Solution ◽  
Flexibility Options

The COP 21 agreement state that the reduction of CO2 emissions will limit the rise of global temperatures and thus the impacts of global warming. Since the energy sector is one of the biggest CO2 emitters, greening it is one of the actions selected to achieve COP 21 targets. Increased generation from renewable sources, however, should entail an increase of flexibility options for integrating renewable energy in the system. The volatility of renewable sources such as wind and sun requires flexible storage units, energy conversion and management techniques as well as active consumer participation to ensure the power system is balanced. In multi-energy systems, the electricity generated by renewables is converted into other energy forms such heat or gas. Rural areas result to be attractive test bench in which multi-energy system could be developed. The objective of this study is to analyze the potential for the development of multi-energy systems in remote Russian communities.

scholarly journals What Will Make Energy Systems Sustainable?

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 2537 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angela Köppl ◽  
Stefan Schleicher
Keyword(s):  
Value Chain ◽  
Electric Energy ◽  
Energy Systems ◽  
Spillover Effects ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Radical Change ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Sustainable Energy Systems ◽  
Development Goals

Despite the success of the German Energiewende in increasing the production of electricity from renewables and the positive global spillover effects of renewable technologies, one of the lessons learned is the insight that simply shifting to renewables and recommending improving energy efficiency is not sufficient to lower greenhouse gas emissions. Combined with the expected radical change of technologies, this requires a more profound understanding of our energy systems. Therefore, in contrast to many conventional energy economy approaches, we propose a deepened structural analysis that covers the full energy value chain from the required functionalities for mechanical, thermal and specific electric energy services via application and transformation technologies up to primary energy. This deepened structural approach opens and substantially enhances our understanding of policy designs that are compatible with the Paris Agreement and Sustainable Development Goals. We discover the essential role of four energy grids, namely for electricity, heat, gas, and information as the key for integrating all components of a newly structured energy system. Consequently, we conclude that policy strategies focusing on individual components of an energy system like shifting to renewables may, from a comprehensive perspective on more sustainable energy systems, prove even counterproductive.

scholarly journals District Heating and Cooling Systems

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iván De la Cruz ◽  
Carlos E. Ugalde-Loo
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
District Heating ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Optimal Operation ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Automatic Control Systems ◽  
Heating And Cooling ◽  
Net Zero ◽  
Cold Store ◽  
Low Carbon Technologies

Decarbonisation of the energy sector is a crucial ambition towards meeting net-zero targets and achieving climate change mitigation. Heating and cooling accounts for over a third of UK greenhouse emissions and, thus, decarbonisation of this sector has attracted significant attention from a range of stakeholders, including energy system operators, manufacturers, research institutions and policy makers. Particularly, the role of district heating and cooling (DHC) systems will be critical, as these two energy vectors are central to our lives not only for comfort and daily activities, but also to facilitate productive workplaces and to run a variety of industrial processes. The optimal operation of DHC systems and the design of efficient strategies to produce heat and cold, store thermal energy, and meet heating and cooling demands, together with an increased integration of low carbon technologies and local renewable energy sources, are vital to reduce energy consumption and carbon emissions alike. This chapter reviews relevant aspects of DHC systems, their main elements, automatic control systems and optimal management.

scholarly journals Perspectives on the pervasive energy-systems transformations

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nebojsa Nakicenovic
Keyword(s):  
Energy Systems ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
Great Promise ◽  
Human Capabilities ◽  
Digital Revolution ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Sustainable Future ◽  
Net Zero ◽  
End Use ◽  
Systems Transformation

Abstract Energy is central for the global decarbonization and the achievement of a sustainable future for all. This calls for a fundamental energy-systems transformation that would bring multiple co-benefits for health, climate and other challenges facing humanity and especially those without access to affordable and clean energy services. Pervasive transformation toward zero-carbon electricity and electrification of energy end use are central to achieving higher efficiencies, decarbonization and net-zero emissions. This is not merely a technical and economic issue. It is about people, about societies and about values and behaviors. Technology is an integral part of the society and an expression of collective intentionality through aggregation of sundry individual choices. The next disruptive transformation toward a sustainable future may indeed be powered by the digital revolution. It poses dangers for privacy, dissemination of alternative realities and erosion of evidence-based information but it also offers a great promise of catalyzing the emergence of a sustainable future by augmenting human capabilities by new, more convenient, more efficient and decarbonized goods and services. The key question is whether humanity will have the political will to collectively achieve the energy-systems transformation toward a sustainable future and net-zero emissions in merely three decades.

The Politics of Energy and Climate Change

2019 ◽  
pp. 342-370
Author(s):  
Llewelyn Hughes
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Energy Systems ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Society Business ◽  
Climate Change Policies ◽  
Negative Emissions ◽  
Institutional Strategies

Social science has a crucial role to play in informing policy makers about political and institutional strategies conducive to implementing more ambitious energy-related climate change policies. This chapter reviews major avenues of research in political science and related disciplines that examine energy policy and climate change. It focuses on how individuals, civil society, business, and governments affect climate-related energy policies. The second section suggests three issues with the potential to promote more rapid decarbonization of energy systems, but which have not been a sustained focus of research to date: (1) the politics of low-carbon economic development, (2) innovation and the deployment of new technologies, and (3) the politics of negative emissions and geoengineering technologies.

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