International Donors

Peacemakers ◽  
2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
James W. Pardew
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Middle East ◽  
Financial Structure ◽  
State Department ◽  
The State ◽  
The Us ◽  
International Donor ◽  
International Donors

Early efforts to raise money for T&E falter. An international donor conference in Ankara, sponsored by the US and Turkey, also fails to secure funding. President Clinton dispatches Presidential Advisor Mack McLarty to the Middle East in a successful effort to raise funds in Saudi Arabia, the UAE, and Kuwait. Pardew raises additional money from the Sultan of Brunei. The State Department sets up an elaborate financial structure to account for donor money and to reduce the potential for corruption.

Was Kennedy the ‘father’ of the US–Israeli alliance? (1962–63)

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph Heller
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
State Department ◽  
Professional Staff ◽  
The State ◽  
Territorial Integrity ◽  
White House ◽  
Chief Of Staff ◽  
Secretary Of State ◽  
National Archives ◽  
The Us

This chapter debunks the myth that President Kennedy was the ‘father’ of the American alliance. Once he became predident he had to bow before the constraints of the state department, the Pentagon and the professional staff at the White House. he accepted the beliefs and assessments of Dean Rusk, the secretary of state and Robert McNamara, the secretary of defence. The US national archives show that American diplomats in the Middle East killed Kennedy’s idea of granting an American security guarantee to Israel. Any security they warned, would be followed by deeper Soviet involvement in the region. American commitment was limited to a presidential declaration of territorial integrity of al the regional states. Thus it was no surprise chief-of-staff Rabin failed to convince the US administration to provide a more cogent commitment to Israel.

Clusters of history: US involvement in the Palestine question

Race & Class ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ilan Pappe
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Middle East ◽  
Christian Right ◽  
Oil Industry ◽  
State Department ◽  
Historical Record ◽  
The State ◽  
The Us ◽  
Middle East Policy

US involvement in Palestine, which has been long and complex, has generated a massive historical record that needs to be understood in order to locate not only some of the origins of today’s tragic situation but also to chart possible paths to change. The power of AIPAC, the pro-Israel lobby, on US Middle East policy is well known; its background and relationship to the US fundamentalist Christian Right, less so. Starting from the nineteenth century, this article traces key elements and interests involved in the making of US policy, including AIPAC, the oil industry and the ‘Arabists’ of the State Department.

Desert Geopolitics

2021 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 88-105
Author(s):  
Natalie Koch
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Middle East ◽  
Environmental History ◽  
Political Geography ◽  
Us Southwest ◽  
Space And Time ◽  
Political Narratives ◽  
The Us ◽  
Milk Cows ◽  
History Of

Abstract In 2014 the largest dairy company in the Middle East, Almarai, purchased a farm near Vicksburg, Arizona, to grow alfalfa as feed for cattle in Saudi Arabia. Almarai is headquartered at Al Kharj farms, just outside of Riyadh, where it has a herd of more than 93,000 milk cows. Given that dairy and alfalfa farms both require an immense amount of water to maintain, what explains these developments in the deserts of Arizona and Arabia? The answers are historical and contemporary, demanding an approach to “desert geopolitics” that explains how environmental and political narratives bind experts across space and time. As a study in political geography and environmental history, this article uncovers a geopolitics of connection that has long linked the US Southwest and the Middle East, as well as the interlocking imperial visions advanced in their deserts. To understand these arid entanglements, I show how Almarai's purchase of the Vicksburg farm is part of a genealogy of exchanges between Saudi Arabia and Arizona that dates to the early 1940s. The history of Al Kharj and the decades-long agricultural connections between Arizona and Saudi Arabia sheds light on how specific actors imagine the “desert” as a naturalized site of scarcity, but also of opportunity to build politically and economically useful bridges between the two regions.

Taiwan will benefit from US-China friction

2018 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
North Korea ◽  
State Department ◽  
The State ◽  
Military Cooperation ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Opening Ceremony ◽  
Us Military ◽  
The Us ◽  
Us Government ◽  
At Home

Significance Taiwan-US relations got a symbolic boost when the US government opened a new 250-million-dollar institute to house the de facto embassy in Taipei, Taiwan's capital, on June 12. President Tsai Ing-wen, and a US delegation that included representatives from Congress and the State Department, attended the opening ceremony. It may have received greater attention and perhaps higher-ranking US representation had the first US-North Korea summit not been scheduled for the same day. Impacts Taiwan's president will be constrained from improving China ties by anti-China sentiment at home. More businesses could come under Chinese pressure as cross-Strait relations deteriorate further. Taiwan-US military cooperation will prompt more aggressive Chinese efforts to diminish Taiwan's standing and increase military intimidation.

scholarly journals US – Iran Proxy War in Middle East Under Trump Administration

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-48
Author(s):  
Hino Samuel Jose ◽  
Laode Muhamad Fathun
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Middle East ◽  
Leadership Style ◽  
The United States ◽  
Regional Security ◽  
Regional Interest ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Status ◽  
Proxy War ◽  
Political Security

The heated bilateral relation between Iran and the United States has brought the middle east into another level of problem. The divided geopolitical and regional interest of both countries has led to several and many multidimensional issues, ranging from political, security, and even to economic ones. This article discussed the Iran – US tension on their proxy conflict in the Middle East. This article employs the Regional Security Complex Theory to construct the events related to both states’ proxy conflicts. The polarized region for sure has drawn another line that seems to be more complexed for both countries to achieve mutual understanding and continued peacebuilding. The US withdrawal from JCPOA, killing of Soleimani, and Saudi Arabia – Iran Yemen proxy war exacerbated the status quo. This article perceived that the intertwined issues show how the traditional thought of security should be redefined as both countries try to gain bargaining power. Especially with Iran that was hindered very much by sanctions and embargo placed by the US. This article discusses many important issues on Iran, US, and Saudi Arabia involvement and their correlated dynamics within the UN. This article analyzed Trump’s leadership style in the Middle East and its implication from the proxy war to the Middle East security architecture.

Taiwan will rely increasingly on US diplomatic support

2018 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Latin American ◽  
State Department ◽  
Economic Incentives ◽  
The State ◽  
Diplomatic Relations ◽  
Military Aircraft ◽  
National Elections ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Us ◽  
Latin American Countries

Subject The latest US support for Taiwan. Significance The US State Department on September 24 approved the sale of 330 million dollars' worth of military aircraft parts to Taiwan -- the latest of several moves in Washington this month that increase support for Taiwan. On September 3, a bill was introduced to Congress that allows the State Department to penalise other countries for severing diplomatic relations with Taiwan. On September 7, senior US diplomats were recalled from Latin American countries that had done so. Impacts The US defence department will work more closely with Taiwan’s military to upgrade its capabilities. Despite US disapproval, more of Taiwan’s diplomatic partners will probably switch to China, given the economic incentives. Loss of diplomatic allies could become a major issue in Taiwan's 2020 national elections, to the ruling party's detriment.

Pipeline versus Reactors

2018 ◽  
pp. 91-154
Author(s):  
Chaitanya Ravi
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Policy ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Prime Minister ◽  
State Department ◽  
The State ◽  
Gas Pipeline ◽  
Strategic Partnership ◽  
Natural Gas Pipeline ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Way

This chapter concentrates on the period from July 2005–March 2006 and examines the way in which the nuclear deal and the US-India strategic partnership wrapped around it influenced India’s energy and foreign policy, in particular the Iran–Pakistan–India (IPI) natural gas pipeline and Iran–India relations. The chapter follows the shifting relationships between Petroleum Minister, Mani Shankar Aiyar; External Affairs Minister, Natwar Singh; and Prime Minister, Manmohan Singh. An important part of the chapter is the US Ambassador to India David Mulford’s role vis a vis the IPI pipeline and the factors that gave rise to the idea of a nuclear deal with India among a small coterie in the State Department. The chapter concludes with the collision of the rival energy initiatives, the strategic paradigms wrapped around them and the way in which the nuclear deal prevailed over the pipeline with Natwar’s exit and Aiyar’s dismissal being important milestones.

The Saudi-Iranian Race to Influence the Muslim World

2019 ◽  
pp. 111-124
Author(s):  
Dilip Hiro
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
The State ◽  
Muslim World ◽  
General Intelligence ◽  
The Us ◽  
Trading Profits ◽  
Proxy War ◽  
Additional Funding ◽  
Tit For Tat

Saudi Arabia backed the Islamization drive by Pakistan’s military ruler General Zia ul Haq, a Sunni. Its official aid to his government was supplemented by contributions from Islamic charities, foundations, mosque collections, and royal princes. When Haq issued a decree in July 1980 for the compulsory collection of religiously enjoined tax of zakat, to be used as charity by the state, Shia leaders protested. They argued that they were required to pay one-fifth of their trading profits to a grand ayatollah of their choice. Haq issued an exemption for Shias. But he and the military’s Inter-Services Intelligence (ISI) directorate encouraged radical elements in the Society of Scholars of Islam organization to form a militantly Sunni group, Sipah-e-Sahaba. It secured additional funding from Riyadh’s General Intelligence Directorate. After igniting anti-Shia riots in Lahore in 1986, it started killing prominent Shias. Militant Shias formed Soldiers of Muhammad group to commit tit-for-tat assassinations. The killing of the Iranian Counsel General in Lahore highlighted the Saudi-Iranian proxy war. In Afghanistan, when Moscow intervened militarily in December 1979, Khomeini condemned it. Iran implemented its own anti-Soviet campaign in Afghanistan while staying clear of the US-Saudi-Pakistani jihad against the Soviet-backed regime in Kabul.

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