Stepping Forward?

2020 ◽  
pp. 81-115
Author(s):  
Kenneth Kolander
Keyword(s):  
Nixon Administration ◽  
White House ◽  
Military Aid ◽  
Richard Nixon ◽  
The Third ◽  
Congressional Record ◽  
Peace Negotiations ◽  
Ambitious Program ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Gradual Approach

The third chapter, based on research from the Richard Nixon Presidential Library, FRUS, and the Congressional Record, explores congressional reactions to Nixon’s request for $2.2 billion in emergency military aid for Israel, as well as U.S. efforts to restart the peace process. Despite efforts by Fulbright and several other legislators, along with the Nixon administration’s lack of effort to justify such a massive aid package, Congress passed the emergency aid bill in full. Legislators successfully argued that Israel needed the immense amount of aid in order to feel strong enough to take risks in peace negotiations. But by May 1974, fearful that Israel felt too strong, the Nixon administration started to threaten to cut off all military aid to soften Israel’s position in peace negotiations. The fall of Nixon due to Watergate sapped the power of the White House at precisely the moment when a strong president was needed to advance such an ambitious program of U.S. peace diplomacy. Also important, Kissinger had to work against pro-Israel elements that sought to scuttle his gradual approach to a comprehensive peace.

The Nixon Administration, the “Horror Strategy,” and the Search for Limited Nuclear Options, 1969–1972

2005 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 34-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
William Burr
Keyword(s):  
Air Force ◽  
Nixon Administration ◽  
Nuclear War ◽  
Henry Kissinger ◽  
Defense Department ◽  
White House ◽  
Richard Nixon ◽  
Major Review ◽  
Nuclear Warfare ◽  
Operational Plan

In early 1969 President Richard Nixon and his national security adviser, Henry Kissinger, received a brie fing on the U.S.nuclear war plan, the Single Integrated Operational Plan (SIOP). Appalled by the catastrophic scale of the SIOP, Nixon and Kissinger sought military options that were more credible than massive nuclear strikes. Participants in the Air Force Nuclear Options project also supported more flexible nuclear war plans.Although Kissinger repeatedly asked Defense Department of ficials to construct limited options, they were skeptical that it would be possible to control nuclear escalation or to introduce greater flexibility without weakening the SIOP.Interagency studies presented a mixed verdict about the desirability of limited options; nevertheless, continued White House pressure encouraged Secretary of Defense Melvin Laird to sponsor a major review of nuclear targeting.In 1972 the Foster panel developed concepts of limited, selective, and regional nuclear options that were responsive to Kissinger's interest in credible nuclear threats. The Foster panel's report led to the controversial “Schlesinger Doctrine” and further efforts to revise the SIOP, but serious questions endured about the whole concept of controlled nuclear warfare.

scholarly journals Confirming Judge Restrepo To The Third Circuit

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carl W. Tobias
Keyword(s):  
White House ◽  
The Third ◽  
Judiciary Committee ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Upper Chamber

From the moment that the Grand Old Party (GOP) won the Senate in November 2014, Republicans have directly and incessantly vowed to establish “regular order” in the upper chamber again. Lawmakers employed this phrase to depict the purported restoration of strictures that prevailed until Democrats subverted them. In January 2015, when the 114th Congress began, Senator Mitch McConnell (R-Ky.), the Majority Leader, proclaimed, “[w]e need to return to regular order,” while the legislator has dutifully recited that mantra ever since. Senator Charles Grassley (R-Iowa), the head of the Senate Judiciary Committee, espoused analogous concepts. Illustrative was his January 2015 pledge to duly exercise “regular order” in scrutinizing President Barack Obama’s excellent mainstream judicial nominees. Because senators have diligently completed practically both sessions of the 114th Congress throughout which the majority trumpeted “regular order,” its application to a daunting constitutional responsibility—providing advice and consent on nominees—deserves review. This survey ascertains that counterproductive partisanship suffuses appointments—particularly evidenced by slow panel consideration and the confirmation of eleven jurists all last year, the fewest since President Dwight Eisenhower occupied the White House, and merely nine thus far over 2016.

Documents and Source Material

2017 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-26
Keyword(s):  
Prime Minister ◽  
Palestinian Authority ◽  
Donald Trump ◽  
The West ◽  
White House ◽  
Peace Negotiations ◽  
Annotated List ◽  
Un Security Council ◽  
The Government ◽  
Source Materials

This section comprises international, Arab, Israeli, and U.S. documents and source materials, as well as an annotated list of recommended reports. Significant developments this quarter: In the international diplomatic arena, the UN Security Council approved Resolution 2334, reaffirming the illegality of Israeli settlements and calling for a return to peace negotiations. Additionally, former U.S. secretary of state John Kerry delivered a final address on the Israel-Palestine conflict, outlining a groundwork for negotiations. Two weeks later, international diplomats met in Paris to establish incentives for Israeli prime minister Benjamin Netanyahu and Palestinian Authority president Mahmoud Abbas to return to the negotiating table. Despite international discussions of peace talks and the impediment settlements pose to a two-state solution, the Israeli Knesset passed the controversial Regulation Law, enabling the government to retroactively legalize settlements and confiscate Palestinian land throughout the West Bank. Meanwhile, U.S. president Donald Trump took office on 20 January 2017, and he wasted no time before inviting Netanyahu to the White House for their first meeting, in February.

Military Aid and Counterrevolution in the Third World.

1973 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 157
Author(s):  
Erving E. Beauregard ◽  
Miles D. Wolpin
Keyword(s):  
Third World ◽  
Military Aid ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Third World

scholarly journals CONSTRUCTION OF AN EFFECTIVE WAREHOUSE SYSTEM OF THE ENTERPRISE IN THE PROCESSING OF AGRICULTURAL CARGO

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (166) ◽  
pp. 217-226
Author(s):  
O. Pavlenko ◽  
D. Velykodnyi
Keyword(s):  
Performance Indicator ◽  
Optimization Problems ◽  
Economic Effect ◽  
Unit Cost ◽  
Maximum Level ◽  
Technological Parameters ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
The Third ◽  
Use Of Resources ◽  
The Moment

The article investigates the existing trends and prospects for the development of warehousing services in the system of production and processing of products, which allowed us to form the purpose of the research in this development. The chosen theme is quite topical, because warehousing processes are an integral part of the formation of supply logistics in modern production processes. One of the ways to reduce the cost of goods and services is the efficient use of resources. Ukrainian and foreign scientists have touched many questions concerning the development of the infrastructure component, solutions of optimization problems regarding the process of import-export of goods to the warehouse, but without determining the optimal values ​​of technological parameters of warehousing systems. The technological scheme of operation of the warehouse system of the enterprise LLC "MEGA CRISP» allows to see the whole chain of operations from the moment of arrival of the vehicle with cargo (containers and packaging) to the moment of sending the cargo (finished product) to the recipient; the necessary types of resources involved in these processes are also taken into account. Total costs were chosen as an evaluation indicator of the choice of an efficient supply channel. Relevant parameters of influence are taken into account: intensities of corresponding cargo flows, unit cost of the appropriate work and one hour of work of one worker, time of performance of an appropriate operation, quantity of the involved resources for performance of the appropriate operation and working time of the warehouse during the day. An imitation full-factor experiment was performed, based on the results of which a regression model in linear form with a non-zero coefficient was determined, in which each coefficient indicates the degree of influence of the relevant factor on the performance indicator. The results of determining the economic effect showed that "Variant 2" (increasing the number of workers) is the least expensive, and the level of costs is lower for all series of experiments compared to the basic variant - "Variant 1". The maximum difference is reached in 12217.8 hryvnias at the maximum loading of a warehouse. And when comparing the third and first variants: only at the maximum level of output flow (170 t / h), the third variant will be cheaper by 852.6 hryvnias. The highest level of positive value of the effect among the variants offered is "Variant 2", the level of savings will be 12,217.8 hryvnias per shift.

scholarly journals Banking sector development and foreign direct investment. A case of Botswana

2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 44-50
Author(s):  
Kunofiwa Tsaurai
Keyword(s):  
Host Country ◽  
Banking Sector ◽  
Fdi Inflows ◽  
The Third ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Banking Sector Development ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Causality Relationship ◽  
The Moment ◽  
The Relationship

The study investigates if there is a causality relationship between banking sector development and FDI inflows in Botswana. Though quite a number of authors have written on the subject, there appears to be no consensus on the directional causality between banking sector development and FDI inflows into the host country. At the moment, three dominant perspectives exist regarding the relationship between banking sector development and FDI inflows into the host country. The first perspective says that banking sector development attracts FDI inflows into the host country. The second perspective suggests that there is a positive feedback effect between banking sector development and FDI inflows whilst the third perspective maintains that there is no direct causality relationship between the two variables. The results from this study are consistent with the third perspective that says there is no direct causality relationship between banking sector development and FDI net inflows. This confirms that the long run relationship between banking sector development and FDI net inflows is an indirect one and the two set of variables affect each other indirectly through other factors in Botswana.

scholarly journals Praca, robotnicy, archiwa, fotografia — utrwalanie stereotypów i walka o emancypację

2015 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
pp. 203-221
Author(s):  
Tomasz Ferenc
Keyword(s):  
Historical Perspective ◽  
Methodological Problem ◽  
Digital Repository ◽  
The Third ◽  
Working People ◽  
Soviet Russia ◽  
The Moment ◽  
And Control ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Scientific Tool

Work, workers, and workers’ living conditions quickly became a field of interest for photographers. Already by the middle of the 19th century there were photographs showing working people. Nevertheless, the contexts in which such photographs were taken varied considerably. The first part of this article presents, in the historical perspective, the different causes and strategies involved in making these types of documents, up to the moment when photographs began to appear that had been made by workers themselves. The movement to photograph workers, which developed in the first decades of the 20th century, is recalled in the second part of the article (using the examples of the Weimar Republic and Soviet Russia). The third part is devoted to photographic projects whose purpose was to increase the productivity of, and control over, workers. Photography is presented as a scientific tool for measuring movement and as an illustration of the most effective manners of organizing work. At the end, the Digital Repository of Worker Photography is described, as an example of work on a collection of photos and the creation of a platform permitting further work, but also as a legal and methodological problem.

Playing Politics with Disaster

2020 ◽  
pp. 59-71
Author(s):  
Timothy W. Kneeland
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
American History ◽  
Presidential Election ◽  
Strong Correlation ◽  
Disaster Relief ◽  
White House ◽  
Richard Nixon ◽  
Disaster Declarations ◽  
Disaster Aid ◽  
The Relationship

This chapter examines how Richard Nixon mixed politics and policy in his response to Hurricane Agnes. To aid in winning his reelection bid in 1972, Nixon was determined to play politics with disaster relief legislation, mainly as it applied to New York and Pennsylvania. In order to gain Nixon as many votes as possible from the disaster, the Nixon White House wrote, and Congress enacted, the most generous disaster aid package in American history to that time: the Agnes Recovery Act of 1972. The relationship between disasters and elections has generated a body of research that shows a strong correlation between when and where presidents issue a disaster declaration. Disaster declarations are more frequent in highly competitive swing states during presidential election years, and presidents favor those states that may benefit them or their party in the election, as Nixon did in response to Hurricane Agnes.

Eduardo Frei, the U.S. Embassy, and the Election of Salvador Allende

2020 ◽  
pp. 165-188
Author(s):  
Sebastián Hurtado-Torres
Keyword(s):  
Cold War ◽  
Foreign Relations ◽  
The United States ◽  
Nixon Administration ◽  
Johnson Administration ◽  
Richard Nixon ◽  
Salvador Allende ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Cold War ◽  
The U.S

This chapter describes the efforts by the United States and Eduardo Frei to prevent Salvador Allende from attaining the presidency. The Nixon administration, after choosing not to involve itself in the 1970 presidential race to the extent the Johnson administration had in the 1964 election, reacted with great alacrity to Allende's victory in the popular election. Richard Nixon himself instructed CIA director Richard Helms to conduct covert operations in Chile, behind Ambassador Korry's back. In addition, Chilean politicians, particularly Christian Democrats of the Frei line, tried or at least explored ways of averting an Allende victory and sought for that purpose the support of the U.S. embassy in Santiago. Though many of the documents that tell this part of the story have been available to researchers since at least the early 2000s, only one scholarly work has treated these attempts by Chilean politicians, especially Eduardo Frei, in depth. The tendency of scholars of U.S. foreign relations during the Cold War to assume rather uncritically that the only decisions that mattered were taken in Washington has narrowed the perspectives from which the history of Cold War Chilean politics has been studied and interpreted.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document