scholarly journals 2019-nCoV: The Identify-Isolate-Inform (3I) Tool Applied to a Novel Emerging Coronavirus

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 184-190 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristi Koenig ◽  
Christian Bey ◽  
Eric McDonald
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Ebola Virus ◽  
High Volume ◽  
The United States ◽  
Emerging Infectious Disease ◽  
International Travel ◽  
Initial Assessment ◽  
Public Health Agencies ◽  
Epidemiological Risk ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

2019 Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) is an emerging infectious disease closely related to MERS-CoV and SARS-CoV that was first reported in Wuhan City, Hubei Province, China in December 2019. As of January 2020, cases of 2019-nCoV are continuing to be reported in other Eastern Asian countries as well as in the United States, Europe, Australia, and numerous other countries. An unusually high volume of domestic and international travel corresponding to the beginning of the 2020 Chinese New Year complicated initial identification and containment of infected persons. Due to the rapidly rising number of cases and reported deaths, all countries should be considered at risk of imported 2019-nCoV. Therefore, it is essential for prehospital, clinic, and emergency department personnel to be able to rapidly assess 2019-nCoV risk and take immediate actions if indicated. The Identify-Isolate-Inform (3I) Tool, originally conceived for the initial detection and management of Ebola virus and later adjusted for other infectious agents, can be adapted for any emerging infectious disease. This paper reports a modification of the 3I Tool for use in the initial detection and management of patients under investigation for 2019-nCoV. After initial assessment for symptoms and epidemiological risk factors, including travel to affected areas and exposure to confirmed 2019-nCoV patients within 14 days, patients are classified in a risk-stratified system. Upon confirmation of a suspected 2019-nCoV case, affected persons must immediately be placed in airborne infection isolation and the appropriate public health agencies notified. This modified 3I Tool will assist emergency and primary care clinicians, as well as out-of-hospital providers, in effectively managing persons with suspected or confirmed 2019-nCoV.

scholarly journals Impact of the COVID-19 epidemic at a high-volume facility in gynecological oncology in Tokyo, Japan: a single-center experience

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuya Nogami ◽  
Yusuke Kobayashi ◽  
Kosuke Tsuji ◽  
Megumi Yokota ◽  
Hiroshi Nishio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Ovarian Cancer ◽  
Clinical Decision Making ◽  
High Volume ◽  
Treatment Delay ◽  
Emerging Infectious Disease ◽  
Ovarian Tumors ◽  
Screening Tests ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
First Case

Abstract Background The number of cases of novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Japan have risen since the first case was reported on January 24, 2020, and 6225 infections have been reported as of June 30, 2020. On April 8, 2020, our hospital began screening patients via pre-admission reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and chest computed tomography (CT). Although no patients exhibited apparent pneumonia, treatment delay or changes in treatment plans were required for a few patients based on the results of screening tests. During an emerging infectious disease pandemic, the likelihood of being infected, as well as the disease itself, affects clinical decision making in several ways. We summarized and presented our experience. Case presentation After the introduction of pre-admission screening, RT-PCR and CT were performed in 200 and 76 patients, respectively, as of June 30, 2020. The treatment of five patients, including two patients with cervical cancer, two patients with ovarian tumors, and one patient with ovarian cancer, was affected by the results. Two asymptomatic RT-PCR-positive patients did not develop COVID-19, but their treatment was delayed until the confirmation of negative results. The other three patients were RT-PCR-negative, but abnormal CT findings suggested the possibility of COVID-19, which delayed treatment. The patients receiving first-line preoperative chemotherapy for ovarian cancer had clinically evident exacerbations because of the treatment delay. Conclusion During the epidemic phase of an emerging infectious disease, we found that COVID-19 has several other effects besides its incidence. The postponing treatment was the most common, therefore, treatment of ovarian tumors and ovarian cancer was considered to be the most likely to be affected among gynecological diseases. Protocols that allow for easy over-diagnosis can be disadvantageous, mainly because of treatment delays, and therefore, the protocols must be developed in light of the local infection situation.

Communicating Emerging Infectious Disease Outbreaks to the Public Through Local Television News: Public Health Officials as Potential Spokespeople

2010 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 220-225 ◽  
Author(s):  
James M. Pribble ◽  
Erika F. Fowler ◽  
Sonia V. Kamat ◽  
William M. Wilkerson ◽  
Kenneth M. Goldstein ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Television News ◽  
The United States ◽  
Emerging Infectious Disease ◽  
Quality Information ◽  
Health Official ◽  
Local Television ◽  
Local Television News ◽  
Public Health Officials

ABSTRACTObjective: To assess how West Nile virus (WNV) was reported to the American public on local television news and identify the main factors that influenced coverage.Methods: A representative sample of WNV stories that were reported on 122 local television news stations across the United States during October 2002, covering 67% of the nation's population, were coded for self-efficacy, comparative risk scenarios, symptoms and recommendations, high-risk individuals, and frame. In addition, public service professionals (PSPs) interviewed in the segments were identified. Comparisons were made between stories in which a PSP was interviewed and stories without an interview with respect to discussion of the 5 variables coded.Results: Of the 1371 health-related stories captured during the study period, 160 WNV stories aired, the second most common health topic reported. Forty-nine of the 160 WNV stories contained at least 1 of the 5 reporting variables. Forty-two PSPs were interviewed within 33 unique WNV stories. Public health officials composed 81% of all PSP interviews. Stories containing a public health official interview had 15.2 times (odds ratio 15.2, confidence interval 5.1-45.9) higher odds of reporting quality information, controlling for station affiliate or geographic location.Conclusions: Emerging infectious disease stories are prominently reported by local television news. Stories containing interviews with public health officials were also much more likely to report quality information. Optimizing the interactions between and availability of public health officials and the local news media may enhance disaster communication of emerging infections.(Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2010;4:220-225)

scholarly journals Infectious Disease Physician Assessment of Hospital Preparedness for Ebola Virus Disease

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip M. Polgreen ◽  
Scott Santibanez ◽  
Lisa M. Koonin ◽  
Mark E. Rupp ◽  
Susan E. Beekmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Disease ◽  
United States ◽  
Ebola Virus ◽  
Virus Disease ◽  
The United States ◽  
Ebola Virus Disease ◽  
Teaching Hospitals ◽  
Emerging Infections ◽  
First Case ◽  
Hospital Preparedness

Abstract Background.  The first case of Ebola diagnosed in the United States and subsequent cases among 2 healthcare workers caring for that patient highlighted the importance of hospital preparedness in caring for Ebola patients. Methods.  From October 21, 2014 to November 11, 2014, infectious disease physicians who are part of the Emerging Infections Network (EIN) were surveyed about current Ebola preparedness at their institutions. Results.  Of 1566 EIN physician members, 869 (55.5%) responded to this survey. Almost all institutions represented in this survey showed a substantial degree of preparation for the management of patients with suspected and confirmed Ebola virus disease. Despite concerns regarding shortages of personal protective equipment, approximately two thirds of all respondents reported that their facilities had sufficient and ready availability of hoods, full body coveralls, and fluid-resistant or impermeable aprons. The majority of respondents indicated preference for transfer of Ebola patients to specialized treatment centers rather than caring for them locally. In general, we found that larger hospitals and teaching hospitals reported higher levels of preparedness. Conclusions.  Prior to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's plan for a tiered approach that identified specific roles for frontline, assessment, and designated treatment facilities, our query of infectious disease physicians suggested that healthcare facilities across the United States were making preparations for screening, diagnosis, and treatment of Ebola patients. Nevertheless, respondents from some hospitals indicated that they were relatively unprepared.

scholarly journals Coast-to-coast spread of SARS-CoV-2 in the United States revealed by genomic epidemiology

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph R. Fauver ◽  
Mary E. Petrone ◽  
Emma B. Hodcroft ◽  
Kayoko Shioda ◽  
Hanna Y. Ehrlich ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Pacific Northwest ◽  
The United States ◽  
International Travel ◽  
Viral Genomes ◽  
Genomic Epidemiology ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Travel Restrictions ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
The U.S

SummarySince its emergence and detection in Wuhan, China in late 2019, the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 has spread to nearly every country around the world, resulting in hundreds of thousands of infections to date. The virus was first detected in the Pacific Northwest region of the United States in January, 2020, with subsequent COVID-19 outbreaks detected in all 50 states by early March. To uncover the sources of SARS-CoV-2 introductions and patterns of spread within the U.S., we sequenced nine viral genomes from early reported COVID-19 patients in Connecticut. Our phylogenetic analysis places the majority of these genomes with viruses sequenced from Washington state. By coupling our genomic data with domestic and international travel patterns, we show that early SARS-CoV-2 transmission in Connecticut was likely driven by domestic introductions. Moreover, the risk of domestic importation to Connecticut exceeded that of international importation by mid-March regardless of our estimated impacts of federal travel restrictions. This study provides evidence for widespread, sustained transmission of SARS-CoV-2 within the U.S. and highlights the critical need for local surveillance.

scholarly journals International Travel is Not a Significant Risk of Exposure for Patients at a Midwestern United States Travel Clinic

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pooja Patel ◽  
Hans House
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Retrospective Chart Review ◽  
The United States ◽  
International Travel ◽  
The Novel ◽  
The World ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
The Western Pacific ◽  
Travel Clinic

Abstract The Novel Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) was introduced into the United States via travel from Asia and Europe, although the extent of the spread of the disease was limited in the early days of the pandemic. Consequently, international travel may have played a role in the transmission of the disease into Iowa. This study seeks to determine how preferences for international travel changed as novel Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) spread throughout the world and if any of these returning travelers developed COVID-19 as a result of their trips. This is a retrospective chart review of patients presenting to a travel clinic in Bettendorf, Iowa for pre-travel advice and vaccinations. From October 2019 to March 2020, four hundred twelve (n=412) patients presented to the clinic. Intended travel to the Western Pacific region (China, Japan, Korea, etc.) decreased dramatically during the study period. All 412 patients were followed in the electronic medical record for the period after their planned travel and only three (3) presented for COVID-19 testing. Two (2) tested positive, and both of these infections were linked to workplace exposures and not due to travel. News of the growing pandemic and travel warnings likely altered patients’ travel plans and decreased travel to the most affected regions of the world in the early months of the COVID-19 pandemic. Based on our study, travel was not a significant source of COVID-19 exposure for patients seen at this clinic.

scholarly journals COVID-19 R0: Magic number or conundrum?

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Giulio Viceconte ◽  
Nicola Petrosillo
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Magic Number ◽  
Emerging Infectious Disease ◽  
Chinese City ◽  
Sporadic Cases ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

There is an increasing concern about COVID-19 worldwide. This is a new emerging infectious disease caused by a novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2), which recently broke out from the Chinese city of Wuhan and has quickly spread in China, with sporadic cases in each continent [...].

scholarly journals Moving Average Based Index for Judging the Peak of the COVID-19 Epidemic

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (15) ◽  
pp. 5288 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yunting He ◽  
Xiaojin Wang ◽  
Hao He ◽  
Jing Zhai ◽  
Bingshun Wang
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Hong Kong ◽  
Moving Average ◽  
Hubei Province ◽  
Emerging Infectious Disease ◽  
Evaluation Index ◽  
Normal Life ◽  
The World ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Reported Data

A pneumonia outbreak caused by a novel coronavirus (COVID-19) has spread around the world. A total of 2,314,621 laboratory-confirmed cases, including 157,847 deaths (6.8%) were reported globally by 20 April 2020. Common symptoms of COVID-19 pneumonia include fever, fatigue, and dry cough. Faced with such a sudden outbreak of emerging infectious disease, traditional models for predicting the peak of the epidemic often show inconsistent results. With the aim to timely judge the epidemic peak and provide support for decisions for resuming production and returning to normal life based on publicly reported data, we used a seven-day moving average of log-transformed daily new cases (LMA) to establish a new index named the “epidemic evaluation index” (EEI). We used SARS epidemic data from Hong Kong to verify the practicability of the new index, and then applied it to the COVID-19 epidemic analysis. The results showed that the epidemic peaked, respectively, on 9 February and 5 February 2020, in Hubei Province and other provinces in China. The proposed index can be applied for judging the epidemic peak. While the global COVID-19 epidemic reached its peak in the middle of April, the epidemic peaks in some countries have not yet appeared. Global and united efforts are still needed to eventually eliminate the epidemic.

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