scholarly journals Effect of RDA Protein on Renal Function in Children with Chronic Kidney Diseases

2021 ◽  
Vol In Press (In Press) ◽  
Author(s):  
Afsana Khanom ◽  
Mohammed Hanif ◽  
Sabikun Naher ◽  
Sabrina Makbbul
Keyword(s):  
Renal Function ◽  
Preliminary Data ◽  
Kidney Diseases ◽  
Recommended Dietary Allowance ◽  
Total Serum ◽  
Chronic Kidney Diseases ◽  
Dietary Allowance ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Stage Renal Disease ◽  
End Stage

: Children with chronic kidney diseases have an increased risk of progression to end-stage renal disease, which would ultimately result in lifelong disability and shortening of lifespan. There is no effective intervention such as renal replacement therapy because of high cost and donor shortage. This study aimed to examine the effect of recommended dietary allowance (RDA) protein on chronic kidney diseases (CKD) children without dialysis to halt the progression of CKD by preventing the deterioration of the renal function. In this observational study, 30 children aged 2 - 18 years at different CKD stages without dialysis were selected as the research sample. Anthropometric measurements (namely weight and height) and laboratory assessments (namely S. creatinine. blood urea, total serum albumin, hemoglobin, serum ferritin, and CCr) were considered at the beginning of the study. Following the intervention using the RDA protein during three- and six-month periods, anthropometric and laboratory assessments were compared using the preliminary data. Weight, weight for age Z score, and body mass index (BMI) significantly increased (P < 0.05) after three and six months, compared to the preliminary data. Moreover, laboratory assessments such as Hb, S. creatinine, blood urea, and creatinine clearance rate significantly improved (P < 0.05) after three and six months of RDA protein intake without dialysis. The growth and renal function improved following the intervention with recommended dietary allowance protein in CKD children without dialysis.

scholarly journals The Emerging Role of Innate Immunity in Chronic Kidney Diseases

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (11) ◽  
pp. 4018
Author(s):  
Philip Chiu-Tsun Tang ◽  
Ying-Ying Zhang ◽  
Max Kam-Kwan Chan ◽  
Winson Wing-Yin Lam ◽  
Jeff Yat-Fai Chung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Innate Immunity ◽  
Kidney Diseases ◽  
Experimental Information ◽  
Chronic Kidney Diseases ◽  
Innate Immune Signaling ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
Stage Renal Disease ◽  
End Stage ◽  
Renal Fibrogenesis

Renal fibrosis is a common fate of chronic kidney diseases. Emerging studies suggest that unsolved inflammation will progressively transit into tissue fibrosis that finally results in an irreversible end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Renal inflammation recruits and activates immunocytes, which largely promotes tissue scarring of the diseased kidney. Importantly, studies have suggested a crucial role of innate immunity in the pathologic basis of kidney diseases. This review provides an update of both clinical and experimental information, focused on how innate immune signaling contributes to renal fibrogenesis. A better understanding of the underlying mechanisms may uncover a novel therapeutic strategy for ESRD.

scholarly journals Associations between human leukocyte antigens and renal function

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcus Lowe ◽  
Antony Payton ◽  
Arpana Verma ◽  
Judith Worthington ◽  
Isla Gemmell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Renal Function ◽  
Renal Disease ◽  
Human Leukocyte ◽  
Secondary Outcome ◽  
Exact Nature ◽  
Human Leukocyte Antigens ◽  
Leukocyte Antigens ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Stage Renal Disease ◽  
End Stage

AbstractHuman leukocyte antigens (HLA) have been associated with renal function, but previous studies report contradictory findings with little consensus on the exact nature or impact of this observation. This study included 401,307 white British subjects aged 39–73 when they were recruited by UK Biobank. Subjects’ HLA types were imputed using HLA*IMP:02 software. Regression analysis was used to compare 362 imputed HLA types with estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) as a primary outcome and clinical indications as secondary outcome measures. 22 imputed HLA types were associated with increased eGFR (and therefore increased renal function). Decreased eGFR (decreased renal function) was associated with 11 imputed HLA types, seven of which were also associated with increased risk of end-stage renal disease and/or chronic kidney disease. Many of these HLA types are commonly inherited together in established haplotypes, for example: HLA-A*01:01, B*08:01, C*07:01, DRB1*03:01, DQB1*02:01. This haplotype has a population frequency of 9.5% in England and each allele was associated with decreased renal function. 33 imputed HLA types were associated with kidney function in white British subjects. Linkage disequilibrium in HLA heritance suggests that this is not random and particularly affects carriers of established haplotypes. This could have important applications for the diagnosis and treatment of renal disease and global population health.

scholarly journals MAPK/ERK Signaling in Renal Differentiation

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristen Kurtzeborn ◽  
Hyuk Nam Kwon ◽  
Satu Kuure
Keyword(s):  
Kidney Diseases ◽  
Branching Morphogenesis ◽  
Erk Signaling ◽  
Ureteric Bud ◽  
Final Size ◽  
Chronic Kidney Diseases ◽  
Stage Renal Disease ◽  
End Stage ◽  
Erk Activity ◽  
Renal Differentiation

Congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract (CAKUT) are common birth defects deriving from abnormalities in renal differentiation during embryogenesis. CAKUT is the major cause of end-stage renal disease and chronic kidney diseases in children, but its genetic causes remain largely unresolved. Here we discuss advances in the understanding of how MAPK/ERK activity contributes to the regulation of ureteric bud branching morphogenesis, which dictates the final size, shape, and nephron number of the kidney. Recent studies also demonstrate that MAPK/ERK pathway is directly involved in nephrogenesis, regulating both the maintenance and differentiation of the nephrogenic mesenchyme. Interestingly, aberrant MAPK/ERK signaling is linked to many cancers, and recent studies suggest it also plays a role in the most common pediatric renal cancer, Wilms&rsquo; tumor.

Nierenbeteiligung bei ANCA-assoziierten Vaskulitiden

2018 ◽  
Vol 143 (02) ◽  
pp. 79-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marion Haubitz
Keyword(s):  
Renal Function ◽  
Maintenance Treatment ◽  
Renal Involvement ◽  
Young Patients ◽  
Induction Treatment ◽  
Renal Manifestation ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Stage Renal Disease ◽  
End Stage

AbstractIn patients with ANCA-associated vasculitis renal involvement is frequently seen and the severity of renal manifestation is very important for therapeutic strategies and prognosis. Clinically rapid loss of renal function, nephritic sediment and proteinuria in a non-nephrotic range are characterizing a focal segmental necrotizing pauci-immune glomerulonephritis with extrarenal proliferations. Induction treatment depends on the severity of manifestations. With a normal renal function methotrexate can be used in combination with steroids. In patients with organ threatening involvement but creatinine below 500 µmol/l cyclophosphamide pulses or Rituximab should be used together with steroids, initially with i. v. pulses. Rituximab is more effective in PR3-ANCA vasculitis and should be used in relapsing disease, in young patients to avoid gonadal toxicity and in patients with an increased risk of malignancies. In patients on dialysis or with creatinine > 500 µmol/l plasma exchange should be added. Maintenance treatment (mainly with azathioprine) is necessary as at least 50 % of the patients develop relapses. Rituximab seems more effective, however it is not approved for maintenance treatment and no long-term data are available. Adjuvant treatment, long-term side effects and the increased incidence of cardiovascular events have to be included in the follow-up of vasculitis patients. In end-stage renal disease patients relapses occur but are more difficult to diagnose and treat with higher incidence of infections. Transplantation should be offered as patient and transplant survival is good.

scholarly journals Chronic Kidney Disease in Community

2020 ◽  
pp. 75-78
Author(s):  
Dimitra Paikopoulou
Keyword(s):  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Kidney Diseases ◽  
The United States ◽  
World Health ◽  
Chronic Kidney Diseases ◽  
Real Increase ◽  
Stage Renal Disease ◽  
End Stage ◽  
Developed World ◽  
Esrd Patients

The world's disease profile is changing, and chronic diseases now account for the majority of global morbidity and mortality. The causes of chronic kidney diseases (CKD) reflect this change. The increase in prevalence of CKD is partly due to a real increase in its frequency (due to the increase in the average age of people surviving), better detection of CKD, but also to the increasing incidence of diabetes and hypertension among people today, not only within the developed world, but also increasingly within the emerging world. Furthermore, hypertension, smoking, hypercholesterolemia, and obesity, currently among the World Health Organization’s (WHO’s) top 10 global health risks, are strongly associated with CKD. The factors, together with increasing diabetes prevalence and an aging population, will result in significant global increases in chronic kidney diseases (CKD) end stage renal disease (ESRD) patients. There are approximately 275000 patients with ESRD in the United States and it is estimated that an additional 8 million US adults have kidney disease (defined as a glomerular filtration rate [GFR] of 60 mL/min per 1.73 m2). Because kidney disease often progresses to ESRD and its attendant complications, the identification of precursors of kidney disease is important, with the belief that interventions will prevent or delay the progression to ESRD.

scholarly journals Roles of Inflammasomes in Inflammatory Kidney Diseases

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinjin Fan ◽  
Kaifeng Xie ◽  
Liqin Wang ◽  
Nuoyan Zheng ◽  
Xueqing Yu
Keyword(s):  
End Stage Renal Disease ◽  
Inflammatory Responses ◽  
Kidney Diseases ◽  
Interleukin 1 ◽  
Kidney Injury ◽  
Danger Signal ◽  
Chronic Kidney Diseases ◽  
Stage Renal Disease ◽  
End Stage ◽  
Shed Light

The immune system has a central role in eliminating detrimental factors, by frequently launching inflammatory responses towards pathogen infection and inner danger signal outbreak. Acute and chronic inflammatory responses are critical determinants for consequences of kidney diseases, in which inflammasomes were inevitably involved. Inflammasomes are closely linked to many kidney diseases such as acute kidney injury and chronic kidney diseases. Inflammasomes are macromolecules consisting of multiple proteins, and their formation initiates the cleavage of procaspase-1, resulting in the activation of gasdermin D as well as the maturation and release of interleukin-1β and IL-18, leading to pyroptosis. Here, we discuss the mechanism in which inflammasomes occur, as well as their roles in inflammatory kidney diseases, in order to shed light for discovering new therapeutical targets for the prevention and treatment of inflammatory kidney diseases and consequent end-stage renal disease.

scholarly journals Exercise Intolerance in Kidney Diseases: Physiological Contributors and Therapeutic Strategies

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danielle L Kirkman ◽  
Natalie Bohmke ◽  
Salvatore Carbone ◽  
Ryan S. Garten ◽  
Paula Rodriguez-Miguelez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Kidney Diseases ◽  
Exercise Intolerance ◽  
Dietary Interventions ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Related Quality ◽  
Stage Renal Disease ◽  
End Stage

Exertional fatigue, defined as the overwhelming and debilitating sense of sustained exhaustion that impacts the ability to perform activities of daily living, is highly prevalent in chronic kidney disease (CKD) and end stage renal disease (ESRD). Subjective reports of exertional fatigue are paralleled by objective measurements of exercise intolerance throughout the spectrum of the disease. The prevalence of exercise intolerance is clinically noteworthy as it leads to increased frailty, worsened quality of life and an increased risk of mortality. The physiological underpinnings of exercise intolerance are multifaceted and still not fully understood. This review aims to provide a comprehensive outline of the potential physiological contributors, both central and peripheral, to kidney disease related exercise intolerance and highlight current and prospective interventions to target this symptom. In this review the kidney disease-related metabolic derangements, cardiac and pulmonary dysfunction, altered physiologic responses to oxygen consumption, vascular derangements and sarcopenia are discussed in the context of exercise intolerance. Lifestyle interventions to improve exertional fatigue, such as aerobic and resistance exercise training, are discussed and the lack of dietary interventions to improve exercise tolerance is highlighted. Current and prospective pharmaceutical and nutraceutical strategies to improve exertional fatigue are also broached. An extensive understanding of the pathophysiological mechanisms of exercise intolerance will allow for the development of more targeted therapeutic approached to improve exertional fatigue and health related quality of life in CKD and ESRD.

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