scholarly journals MAPK/ERK Signaling in Renal Differentiation

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristen Kurtzeborn ◽  
Hyuk Nam Kwon ◽  
Satu Kuure
Keyword(s):  
Kidney Diseases ◽  
Branching Morphogenesis ◽  
Erk Signaling ◽  
Ureteric Bud ◽  
Final Size ◽  
Chronic Kidney Diseases ◽  
Stage Renal Disease ◽  
End Stage ◽  
Erk Activity ◽  
Renal Differentiation

Congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract (CAKUT) are common birth defects deriving from abnormalities in renal differentiation during embryogenesis. CAKUT is the major cause of end-stage renal disease and chronic kidney diseases in children, but its genetic causes remain largely unresolved. Here we discuss advances in the understanding of how MAPK/ERK activity contributes to the regulation of ureteric bud branching morphogenesis, which dictates the final size, shape, and nephron number of the kidney. Recent studies also demonstrate that MAPK/ERK pathway is directly involved in nephrogenesis, regulating both the maintenance and differentiation of the nephrogenic mesenchyme. Interestingly, aberrant MAPK/ERK signaling is linked to many cancers, and recent studies suggest it also plays a role in the most common pediatric renal cancer, Wilms’ tumor.

scholarly journals MAPK/ERK Signaling in Regulation of Renal Differentiation

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (7) ◽  
pp. 1779 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kurtzeborn ◽  
Kwon ◽  
Kuure
Keyword(s):  
Wilms Tumor ◽  
Kidney Diseases ◽  
Branching Morphogenesis ◽  
Mitogen Activated Protein Kinase ◽  
Erk Signaling ◽  
Final Size ◽  
Mitogen Activated Protein ◽  
Stage Renal Disease ◽  
End Stage ◽  
Renal Differentiation

Congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract (CAKUT) are common birth defects derived from abnormalities in renal differentiation during embryogenesis. CAKUT is the major cause of end-stage renal disease and chronic kidney diseases in children, but its genetic causes remain largely unresolved. Here we discuss advances in the understanding of how mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (MAPK/ERK) activity contributes to the regulation of ureteric bud branching morphogenesis, which dictates the final size, shape, and nephron number of the kidney. Recent studies also demonstrate that the MAPK/ERK pathway is directly involved in nephrogenesis, regulating both the maintenance and differentiation of the nephrogenic mesenchyme. Interestingly, aberrant MAPK/ERK signaling is linked to many cancers, and recent studies suggest it also plays a role in the most common pediatric renal cancer, Wilms’ tumor.

scholarly journals The Emerging Role of Innate Immunity in Chronic Kidney Diseases

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (11) ◽  
pp. 4018
Author(s):  
Philip Chiu-Tsun Tang ◽  
Ying-Ying Zhang ◽  
Max Kam-Kwan Chan ◽  
Winson Wing-Yin Lam ◽  
Jeff Yat-Fai Chung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Innate Immunity ◽  
Kidney Diseases ◽  
Experimental Information ◽  
Chronic Kidney Diseases ◽  
Innate Immune Signaling ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
Stage Renal Disease ◽  
End Stage ◽  
Renal Fibrogenesis

Renal fibrosis is a common fate of chronic kidney diseases. Emerging studies suggest that unsolved inflammation will progressively transit into tissue fibrosis that finally results in an irreversible end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Renal inflammation recruits and activates immunocytes, which largely promotes tissue scarring of the diseased kidney. Importantly, studies have suggested a crucial role of innate immunity in the pathologic basis of kidney diseases. This review provides an update of both clinical and experimental information, focused on how innate immune signaling contributes to renal fibrogenesis. A better understanding of the underlying mechanisms may uncover a novel therapeutic strategy for ESRD.

scholarly journals Chronic Kidney Disease in Community

2020 ◽  
pp. 75-78
Author(s):  
Dimitra Paikopoulou
Keyword(s):  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Kidney Diseases ◽  
The United States ◽  
World Health ◽  
Chronic Kidney Diseases ◽  
Real Increase ◽  
Stage Renal Disease ◽  
End Stage ◽  
Developed World ◽  
Esrd Patients

The world's disease profile is changing, and chronic diseases now account for the majority of global morbidity and mortality. The causes of chronic kidney diseases (CKD) reflect this change. The increase in prevalence of CKD is partly due to a real increase in its frequency (due to the increase in the average age of people surviving), better detection of CKD, but also to the increasing incidence of diabetes and hypertension among people today, not only within the developed world, but also increasingly within the emerging world. Furthermore, hypertension, smoking, hypercholesterolemia, and obesity, currently among the World Health Organization’s (WHO’s) top 10 global health risks, are strongly associated with CKD. The factors, together with increasing diabetes prevalence and an aging population, will result in significant global increases in chronic kidney diseases (CKD) end stage renal disease (ESRD) patients. There are approximately 275000 patients with ESRD in the United States and it is estimated that an additional 8 million US adults have kidney disease (defined as a glomerular filtration rate [GFR] of 60 mL/min per 1.73 m2). Because kidney disease often progresses to ESRD and its attendant complications, the identification of precursors of kidney disease is important, with the belief that interventions will prevent or delay the progression to ESRD.

scholarly journals Roles of Inflammasomes in Inflammatory Kidney Diseases

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinjin Fan ◽  
Kaifeng Xie ◽  
Liqin Wang ◽  
Nuoyan Zheng ◽  
Xueqing Yu
Keyword(s):  
End Stage Renal Disease ◽  
Inflammatory Responses ◽  
Kidney Diseases ◽  
Interleukin 1 ◽  
Kidney Injury ◽  
Danger Signal ◽  
Chronic Kidney Diseases ◽  
Stage Renal Disease ◽  
End Stage ◽  
Shed Light

The immune system has a central role in eliminating detrimental factors, by frequently launching inflammatory responses towards pathogen infection and inner danger signal outbreak. Acute and chronic inflammatory responses are critical determinants for consequences of kidney diseases, in which inflammasomes were inevitably involved. Inflammasomes are closely linked to many kidney diseases such as acute kidney injury and chronic kidney diseases. Inflammasomes are macromolecules consisting of multiple proteins, and their formation initiates the cleavage of procaspase-1, resulting in the activation of gasdermin D as well as the maturation and release of interleukin-1β and IL-18, leading to pyroptosis. Here, we discuss the mechanism in which inflammasomes occur, as well as their roles in inflammatory kidney diseases, in order to shed light for discovering new therapeutical targets for the prevention and treatment of inflammatory kidney diseases and consequent end-stage renal disease.

scholarly journals Effect of RDA Protein on Renal Function in Children with Chronic Kidney Diseases

2021 ◽  
Vol In Press (In Press) ◽  
Author(s):  
Afsana Khanom ◽  
Mohammed Hanif ◽  
Sabikun Naher ◽  
Sabrina Makbbul
Keyword(s):  
Renal Function ◽  
Preliminary Data ◽  
Kidney Diseases ◽  
Recommended Dietary Allowance ◽  
Total Serum ◽  
Chronic Kidney Diseases ◽  
Dietary Allowance ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Stage Renal Disease ◽  
End Stage

: Children with chronic kidney diseases have an increased risk of progression to end-stage renal disease, which would ultimately result in lifelong disability and shortening of lifespan. There is no effective intervention such as renal replacement therapy because of high cost and donor shortage. This study aimed to examine the effect of recommended dietary allowance (RDA) protein on chronic kidney diseases (CKD) children without dialysis to halt the progression of CKD by preventing the deterioration of the renal function. In this observational study, 30 children aged 2 - 18 years at different CKD stages without dialysis were selected as the research sample. Anthropometric measurements (namely weight and height) and laboratory assessments (namely S. creatinine. blood urea, total serum albumin, hemoglobin, serum ferritin, and CCr) were considered at the beginning of the study. Following the intervention using the RDA protein during three- and six-month periods, anthropometric and laboratory assessments were compared using the preliminary data. Weight, weight for age Z score, and body mass index (BMI) significantly increased (P < 0.05) after three and six months, compared to the preliminary data. Moreover, laboratory assessments such as Hb, S. creatinine, blood urea, and creatinine clearance rate significantly improved (P < 0.05) after three and six months of RDA protein intake without dialysis. The growth and renal function improved following the intervention with recommended dietary allowance protein in CKD children without dialysis.

scholarly journals Heme Oxygenase 1: A Defensive Mediator in Kidney Diseases

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 2009
Author(s):  
Anne Grunenwald ◽  
Lubka T. Roumenina ◽  
Marie Frimat
Keyword(s):  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Heme Oxygenase ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Kidney Diseases ◽  
Heme Oxygenase 1 ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Significant Burden ◽  
Stage Renal Disease ◽  
End Stage ◽  
Positive Effect

The incidence of kidney disease is rising, constituting a significant burden on the healthcare system and making identification of new therapeutic targets increasingly urgent. The heme oxygenase (HO) system performs an important function in the regulation of oxidative stress and inflammation and, via these mechanisms, is thought to play a role in the prevention of non-specific injuries following acute renal failure or resulting from chronic kidney disease. The expression of HO-1 is strongly inducible by a wide range of stimuli in the kidney, consequent to the kidney’s filtration role which means HO-1 is exposed to a wide range of endogenous and exogenous molecules, and it has been shown to be protective in a variety of nephropathological animal models. Interestingly, the positive effect of HO-1 occurs in both hemolysis- and rhabdomyolysis-dominated diseases, where the kidney is extensively exposed to heme (a major HO-1 inducer), as well as in non-heme-dependent diseases such as hypertension, diabetic nephropathy or progression to end-stage renal disease. This highlights the complexity of HO-1’s functions, which is also illustrated by the fact that, despite the abundance of preclinical data, no drug targeting HO-1 has so far been translated into clinical use. The objective of this review is to assess current knowledge relating HO-1’s role in the kidney and its potential interest as a nephroprotection agent. The potential therapeutic openings will be presented, in particular through the identification of clinical trials targeting this enzyme or its products.

scholarly journals PROTON PUMP INHIBITORS AND THE RISK OF CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASES: A CRITICAL REVIEW

2020 ◽  
pp. 11-14
Author(s):  
SHAREEF J. ◽  
SRIDHAR S. B. ◽  
SHARIFF A.
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Acute Kidney Injury ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Proton Pump Inhibitors ◽  
Proton Pump ◽  
End Stage Renal Disease ◽  
Kidney Diseases ◽  
Kidney Injury ◽  
Stage Renal Disease ◽  
End Stage

Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are most widely used medications for acid related gastrointestinal disorders. Accessible evidence based studies suggest that the increased use of PPI is linked to a greater risk of developing kidney diseases. This review aims to determine the association of kidney disease with the use of proton pump inhibitor with various study designs. PubMed, Scopus and Google Scholar databases as well as a reference list of relevant articles were systematically searched for studies by using the following search terms; ‘proton pump inhibitors’, ‘acute kidney injury’, ‘chronic kidney disease’ and ‘end stage renal disease’. Both observational and randomized controlled trials (RCTs) exploring the association of PPI use with kidney disease were eligible for inclusion. A total of 8 articles, including 9 studies (n = 794,349 participants) were identified and included in the review. Majority of the studies showed a higher risk of kidney outcomes in patients taking PPIs, with effect higher of acute kidney injury (4-to 6-fold) compared with chronic kidney disease and end stage renal disease (1.5-to 2.5-fold). However, the studies suggest that the strength of evidence is weak and could not prove causation. The risk increased considerably with the use of high dose of PPIs and prolonged duration of exposure necessitates the monitoring of renal function. Exercising vigilance in PPI use and cessation of proton pump inhibitor when there is no clear indication may be a reasonable approach to reduce the population burden of kidney diseases.

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