Incidence of Insufficient Physical Activity Among Adults and Its Relationship with the Human Development Index: A Global Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Victoria Momenabadi ◽  
Elham Goodarzi ◽  
Maryam Seraji ◽  
Ahmad Naghibzadeh-Tahami ◽  
Reza Beiranvand ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Human Development ◽  
Human Development Index ◽  
Physical Inactivity ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Non Communicable Diseases ◽  
Development Index ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
The World ◽  
Insufficient Physical Activity

Background: Insufficient physical activity, particularly in low- and middle-income countries, plays an important role in the spread of non-communicable diseases. Objectives: The purpose of this study is to investigate the incidence of insufficient physical activity and its relationship with the human development index (HDI) in the world. Methods: This is an ecological study, and the study data, including the human development index and the incidence of insufficient physical activity, were extracted from the World Bank’s database. The descriptive analysis included mean and standard deviation. The inferential analysis consisted of two-way correlation and ANOVA at a significance level of less than 0.05. The analyses were performed using Stata-14 software. Results: The highest incidence of insufficient physical activity in both sexes (39.26 [37.42, 40.95]) was found in the Americas, especially in high-income regions. There was a significant positive correlation between the incidence of insufficient physical inactivity and HDI in the world (r = 0.446, P < 0.0001). This correlation was also significant in Asia and Africa (P < 0.05). The results showed a positive correlation between components of HDI (i.e., gross national income per 1000 capita, mean years of schooling, life expectancy at birth, and expected years of schooling) and insufficient activity (P < 0.0001). The results of ANOVA also exhibited a significant relationship between the mean prevalence of physical inactivity and the level of development (P < 0.0001). Conclusions: Given the significant correlation between the incidence of insufficient physical inactivity and HDI, understanding this correlation and its components, especially in low- and middle-income countries can alleviate the impact of physical inactivity epidemics in the future, thereby contributing to the effective global prevention of non-communicable diseases.

scholarly journals Inequality in physical activity, global trends by income inequality and gender in adults

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chastin SFM ◽  
J. Van Cauwenberg ◽  
L. Maenhout ◽  
G. Cardon ◽  
E. V. Lambert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Income Inequality ◽  
Physical Inactivity ◽  
World Health ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Physical Activity Guidelines ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Country Level ◽  
The World

Abstract Background Physical inactivity is a global pandemic associated with a high burden of disease and premature mortality. There is also a trend in growing economic inequalities which impacts population health. There is no global analysis of the relationship between income inequality and population levels of physical inactivity. Methods Two thousand sixteen World Health Organisation’s country level data about compliance with the 2010 global physical activity guidelines were analysed against country level income interquantile ratio data obtained from the World Bank, OECD and World Income Inequality Database. The analysis was stratified by country income (Low, Middle and High) according to the World Bank classification and gender. Multiple regression was used to quantify the association between physical activity and income inequality. Models were adjusted for GDP and percentage of GDP spent on health care for each country and out of pocket health care spent. Results Significantly higher levels of inactivity and a wider gap between the percentage of women and men meeting global physical activity guidelines were found in countries with higher income inequality in high and middle income countries irrespective of a country wealth and spend on health care. For example, in higher income countries, for each point increase in the interquantile ratio data, levels of inactivity in women were 3.73% (CI 0.89 6.57) higher, levels of inactivity in men were 2.04% (CI 0.08 4.15) higher and the gap in inactivity levels between women and men was 1.50% larger (CI 0.16 2.83). Similar relationships were found in middle income countries with lower effect sizes. These relationships were, however, not demonstrated in the low-income countries. Conclusions Economic inequalities, particularly in high- and middle- income countries might contribute to physical inactivity and might be an important factor to consider and address in order to combat the global inactivity pandemic and to achieve the World Health Organisation target for inactivity reduction.

scholarly journals Effects of Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program (4Ps) and other Conditional Cash Transfer (CCT) Programs of Low and Middle – Income Countries on Human Development

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 2-11
Author(s):  
Ronald Diaz
Keyword(s):  
Human Development ◽  
Human Development Index ◽  
Conditional Cash Transfer ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Cash Transfer ◽  
Transfer Program ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Development Index ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Low And Middle Income

Despite the economic growth experienced by the Philippines in the recent years in terms of high GDP, poverty in the country still prevails. Prevalence of many poor families and individuals in the country prompted the Philippine government to implement the Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program (Bridging Program for the Filipino Family) also known as 4Ps, the country’s conditional cash transfer (CCT) program that aims to provide conditional cash grants to the poorest of the poor. This paper aims to examine the effect of 4Ps on the country’s Human Development Index (HDI). It also seeks to find out if conditional cash transfer program provides significant effect on the HDIs of low and middle-income countries worldwide. The mean Human Development Index (HDI) of the Philippines before and throughout the implementation of 4Ps was compared. The difference between the HDIs of selected countries (low and middle-income) implementing and non-implementing the conditional cash transfer programs was determined. The findings of this study show that the Philippines has a significantly higher mean HDI during the implementation of 4Ps since 2008 to 2018 compared to its years when there was no 4Ps. The results further indicate that low and middle–income countries with CCT programs have significantly higher HDIs in comparison to their counterparts. A thorough evaluation of the CCT programs in terms of issues such as dependency and reviewing the conditionalities of the program to provide more significant and promising effect on HDI needs to be undertaken. Keywords: Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program (4Ps), conditional cash transfer (CCT), Human Development Index (HDI)  

scholarly journals Global, regional and national epidemiology and prevalence of child stunting, wasting and underweight in low- and middle-income countries, 2006–2018

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Paddy Ssentongo ◽  
Anna E. Ssentongo ◽  
Djibril M. Ba ◽  
Jessica E. Ericson ◽  
Muzi Na ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United Nations ◽  
Human Development ◽  
Human Development Index ◽  
Demographic And Health Surveys ◽  
Years Of Life Lost ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Development Index ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Meta Regression ◽  
Low And Middle Income

AbstractIn 2016, undernutrition, as manifested in childhood stunting, wasting, and underweight were estimated to cause over 1.0 million deaths, 3.9% of years of life lost, and 3.8% of disability-adjusted life years globally. The objective of this study is to estimate the prevalence of undernutrition in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) using the 2006–2018 cross-sectional nationally representative demographic and health surveys (DHS) data and to explore the sources of regional variations. Anthropometric measurements of children 0–59 months of age from DHS in 62 LMICs worldwide were used. Complete information was available for height-for-age (n = 624,734), weight-for-height (n = 625,230) and weight-for-age (n = 626,130). Random-effects models were fit to estimate the pooled prevalence of stunting, wasting, and underweight. Sources of heterogeneity in the prevalence estimates were explored through subgroup meta-analyses and meta-regression using generalized linear mixed-effects models. Human development index (a country-specific composite index based on life expectancy, literacy, access to education and per capita gross domestic product) and the United Nations region were explored as potential sources of variation in undernutrition. The overall prevalence was 29.1% (95% CI 26.7%, 31.6%) for stunting, 6.3% (95% CI 4.6%, 8.2%) for wasting, and 13.7% (95% CI 10.9%, 16.9%) for underweight. Subgroup analyses suggested that Western Africa, Southern Asia, and Southeastern Asia had a substantially higher estimated prevalence of undernutrition than global average estimates. In multivariable meta-regression, a combination of human development index and United Nations region (a proxy for geographical variation) explained 54%, 56%, and 66% of the variation in stunting, wasting, and underweight prevalence, respectively. Our findings demonstrate that regional, subregional, and country disparities in undernutrition remain, and the residual gaps to close towards achieving the second sustainable development goal—ending undernutrition by 2030.

scholarly journals Report Card Grades on the Physical Activity of Children and Youth From 10 Countries With High Human Development Index: Global Matrix 3.0

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (s2) ◽  
pp. S284-S297 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvia A. González ◽  
Joel D. Barnes ◽  
Patrick Abi Nader ◽  
Dolores Susana Andrade Tenesaca ◽  
Javier Brazo-Sayavera ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Human Development ◽  
Human Development Index ◽  
Report Card ◽  
Children And Youth ◽  
Report Cards ◽  
Global Alliance ◽  
Development Index ◽  
Average Grade ◽  
Report Card Grades

Background: The Global Matrix 3.0 brings together the Report Card grades for 10 physical activity indicators for children and youth from 49 countries. This study describes and compares the Global Matrix 3.0 findings among 10 countries with high Human Development Index. Methods: Report Cards on physical activity indicators were developed by each country following a harmonized process. Countries informed their Report Cards with the best and most recent evidence available. Indicators were graded using a common grading rubric and benchmarks established by the Active Healthy Kids Global Alliance. A database of grades from the countries was compiled, and letter grades were converted to numerical equivalents. Descriptive statistics and scores for groups of indicators were calculated, and correlation analyses were conducted. Results: Grades for the 10 countries clustered around “D” ranging from “F” to “B+.” Active Transportation had the highest average grade (“C”), whereas Overall Physical Activity had the lowest average grade (“D-”). Low grades were observed for both behavioral and sources of influence indicators. Conclusions: In the context of social and economical changes of high- Human Development Index countries, urgent actions to increase physical activity among children and youth are required. Surveillance and monitoring efforts are required to fill research gaps.

scholarly journals Incidence and Mortality of Nasopharynx Cancer and Its Relationship With Human Development Index in the World in 2012

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 109-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neda Mahdavifar ◽  
Farhad Towhidi ◽  
Behnam Reza Makhsosi ◽  
Reza Pakzad ◽  
Ali Moini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Development ◽  
Human Development Index ◽  
Development Index ◽  
Incidence And Mortality ◽  
The World ◽  
Nasopharynx Cancer

Incidence and mortality of liver cancer and their relationship with the human development index in the world

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Masoumeh Arabsalmani ◽  
Maryam Mirzaei ◽  
Mahshid Ghoncheh ◽  
Ali Soroush ◽  
Farhad Towhidi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liver Cancer ◽  
Human Development ◽  
Human Development Index ◽  
Development Index ◽  
Incidence And Mortality ◽  
The World

A Physical Activity Intervention for Brazilian Students From Low Human Development Index Areas: A Cluster-Randomized Controlled Trial

2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 1174-1182 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valter C. Barbosa Filho ◽  
Kelly Samara da Silva ◽  
Jorge Mota ◽  
Carmem Beck ◽  
Adair da Silva Lopes
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Randomized Controlled Trial ◽  
Human Development ◽  
Effect Size ◽  
Human Development Index ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial ◽  
Development Index ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Cluster Randomized

Background:Promoting physical activity (PA) in low- and middle-income countries is an important public health topic as well as a challenge for practice. This study aimed to assess the effect of a school-based intervention on different PA-related variables among students.Methods:This cluster-randomized-controlled trial included 548 students in the intervention group and 537 in the control group (11–18 years-old) from 6 schools in neighborhoods with low Human Development Index (0.170–0.491) in Fortaleza, Brazil. The intervention included strategies focused on training teachers, opportunities for PA in the school environment and health education. Variables measured at baseline and again at the 4-months follow-up included the weekly time in different types of moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA), preference for PA during leisure-time, PA behavioral change stage and active commuting to school. Generalized linear models and binary logistic regressions were used.Results:An intervention effect was found by increasing the weekly time in MVPA (effect size = 0.17), popular games (effect size = 0.35), and the amount of PA per week (effect size = 0.27) among students (all P < .05).Conclusions:The intervention was effective in promoting improvements in some PA outcomes, but the changes were not sufficient to increase the proportion of those meeting PA recommendations.

scholarly journals ANALYSIS OF FACTORS OF INFLUENCE ON MORTALITY CAUSED BY COVID-19

2020 ◽  
pp. 164-173
Author(s):  
I. Bielova ◽  
I. D’yakonova ◽  
L. Taraniuk ◽  
O. Demikhov
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Human Development ◽  
Human Development Index ◽  
Average Level ◽  
Environmental Load ◽  
Development Index ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
The Social ◽  
The World ◽  
The Impact

Of great importance in today's conditions is the assessment of destructive factors influencing the mortality rate of patients with COVID-19, because this analysis may be necessary to form a roadmap for governments, which aims to prevent and reduce the spread of COVID-19. The aim of the research is to analyze the factors influencing mortality caused by COVID-19, based on data from countries around the world and at the national level. Among such factors, the influence of the environmental component is highlighted. Methodology and scientific approaches: comparative analysis - in establishing the average level of indicators for groups of countries depending on the human development index HDI, as well as for key indicators to characterize the level of environmental "load" at the level of regions of Ukraine, synthesis method - economically justified analysis results average level of indicators for groups of countries depending on the human development index HDI, the method of generalization - in forming the general conclusions of the study, statistical methods (correlations and the method of averages) - in assessing the impact of factors on mortality from COVID-19. The results of the study: the article conducted a study on the analysis of factors influencing mortality caused by COVID-19. Indicators that participate in the analysis of factors influencing mortality from COVID-19 are identified. The main indicators of the standard of living and health of the population used in the world are marked. The average levels of indicators for groups of countries depending on the human development index HDI are calculated and the dependences of these indicators and their impact on the mortality rate on COVID-19 are economically substantiated. In terms of regions of Ukraine, an analysis of the impact of indicators that affect the mortality rate from COVID-19, using some components of the environmental "load". The analysis of the main indicators for the assessment of the consequences of the spread of COVID-19 is carried out and their significance at the regional level is analyzed. The possibility of using the results in further research may relate to the formation of an economic model of factors influencing mortality caused by COVID-19, which will predict different scenarios of destructive factors on mortality from COVID-19 depending on the implementation of measures to combat the spread of the disease among governments countries. The practical significance of the study is that based on the analysis of the results of the study there is the possibility of forming effective management decisions by governments to counter the spread of COVID-19 at the international and national levels. The social consequences include the social effects that result from the results of this analysis through effective health care decision-making by national governments, that may reduce the mortality rate among the population from COVID-19.

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