scholarly journals A Robust Analysis of Fiscal Policy and Economic Development: An Assessment of the Impact of Human Development Index in Middle Income Countries

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nuhu Yahaya
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Fiscal Policy ◽  
Human Development ◽  
Human Development Index ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Robust Analysis ◽  
Development Index ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals Authoritarian Regimes and Economic Development: An Empirical Reflection

2016 ◽  
Vol 55 (4I-II) ◽  
pp. 657-673
Author(s):  
Karim Khan ◽  
Saima Batool ◽  
Anwar Shah
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Human Development ◽  
Political Institutions ◽  
Human Development Index ◽  
Jel Classification ◽  
Authoritarian Regimes ◽  
Development Index ◽  
Alternative Measures ◽  
Cross Country ◽  
The Impact

Since the recent emphasis on institutions for overall economic development of the countries, the research in this strand has expanded enormously. In this study, we want to see the impact of political institutions on economic development in pure cross-country setting. We take the Human Development Index (HDI) as a measure of economic development and use two alternative measures of dictatorship. We find that dictatorship is adversely affecting economic development in our sample of 92 countries. For instance, transition from extreme dictatorship to ideal democracy would increase HDI by 17 percent. Moreover, our results are robust to alternative specifications and the problems of endogeneity and reverse causation as is shown by the results of 2 Stages Least Squares (2SLS). JEL Classification: P16, H11, H41, H42 Keywords: Economic Development, Human Development Index, Dictatorship

scholarly journals The Impact of Fiscal Policy on Welfare Improvement in Indonesia: Study of Impact of Premium Assistance Beneficiaries on The National Health Insurance, Physical Special Allocation Fund for Health Sector, Education Sector, and Village Funds to Human Development Index

Populasi ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 46
Author(s):  
Ahmad Nawawi ◽  
Wihana Kirana Jaya ◽  
Mulyadi Sumanto ◽  
Evita Hanie Pangaribowo
Keyword(s):  
Health Insurance ◽  
Fiscal Policy ◽  
Human Development ◽  
Human Development Index ◽  
Capital Expenditure ◽  
Community Empowerment ◽  
Education Sector ◽  
Poverty Level ◽  
Development Index ◽  
The Impact

One of the objectives of the fiscal policy is to improve public welfare. Still, there are funding constraints to improve welfare in some countries. Therefore, fiscal management to increase welfare must be implemented efficiently and effectively. In this research, to improve welfare, the fiscal policy will be focused on health, education and community empowerment which are the components of the HDI. This research used quantitative method with regression equation to explain the impact of fiscal and social policy, in the form of Recipients of Health Insurance Contribution Assistance (Penerima Bantuan Iuran Jaminan Kesehatan Nasional/ PBI JKN), physical special allocation found (Dana Alokasi Khusus/DAK) for health and education sector, village fund, region’s budget expenditure, locally generated revenue (Pendapatan Asli Daerah/PAD), and poverty level on human development index (HDI) improvement. The locus for this research is all regencies/cities in Indonesia that use panel data. The results of this research were divided into three findings. First, there were research variables with unidirectional results and significant improvement on HDI, which are physical DAK for the health and education sector, village funds, social expenditure, and PAD. Second, there were variables with unidirectional impact but it does not have a significant impact on the HDI improvement (i.e. PBI JKN). Third, there were variables with unidirectional and significant impact, such as personnel expenditure, material expenditure, capital expenditure, and poverty level.

scholarly journals Effects of Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program (4Ps) and other Conditional Cash Transfer (CCT) Programs of Low and Middle – Income Countries on Human Development

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 2-11
Author(s):  
Ronald Diaz
Keyword(s):  
Human Development ◽  
Human Development Index ◽  
Conditional Cash Transfer ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Cash Transfer ◽  
Transfer Program ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Development Index ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Low And Middle Income

Despite the economic growth experienced by the Philippines in the recent years in terms of high GDP, poverty in the country still prevails. Prevalence of many poor families and individuals in the country prompted the Philippine government to implement the Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program (Bridging Program for the Filipino Family) also known as 4Ps, the country’s conditional cash transfer (CCT) program that aims to provide conditional cash grants to the poorest of the poor. This paper aims to examine the effect of 4Ps on the country’s Human Development Index (HDI). It also seeks to find out if conditional cash transfer program provides significant effect on the HDIs of low and middle-income countries worldwide. The mean Human Development Index (HDI) of the Philippines before and throughout the implementation of 4Ps was compared. The difference between the HDIs of selected countries (low and middle-income) implementing and non-implementing the conditional cash transfer programs was determined. The findings of this study show that the Philippines has a significantly higher mean HDI during the implementation of 4Ps since 2008 to 2018 compared to its years when there was no 4Ps. The results further indicate that low and middle–income countries with CCT programs have significantly higher HDIs in comparison to their counterparts. A thorough evaluation of the CCT programs in terms of issues such as dependency and reviewing the conditionalities of the program to provide more significant and promising effect on HDI needs to be undertaken. Keywords: Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program (4Ps), conditional cash transfer (CCT), Human Development Index (HDI)  

scholarly journals Global, regional and national epidemiology and prevalence of child stunting, wasting and underweight in low- and middle-income countries, 2006–2018

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Paddy Ssentongo ◽  
Anna E. Ssentongo ◽  
Djibril M. Ba ◽  
Jessica E. Ericson ◽  
Muzi Na ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United Nations ◽  
Human Development ◽  
Human Development Index ◽  
Demographic And Health Surveys ◽  
Years Of Life Lost ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Development Index ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Meta Regression ◽  
Low And Middle Income

AbstractIn 2016, undernutrition, as manifested in childhood stunting, wasting, and underweight were estimated to cause over 1.0 million deaths, 3.9% of years of life lost, and 3.8% of disability-adjusted life years globally. The objective of this study is to estimate the prevalence of undernutrition in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) using the 2006–2018 cross-sectional nationally representative demographic and health surveys (DHS) data and to explore the sources of regional variations. Anthropometric measurements of children 0–59 months of age from DHS in 62 LMICs worldwide were used. Complete information was available for height-for-age (n = 624,734), weight-for-height (n = 625,230) and weight-for-age (n = 626,130). Random-effects models were fit to estimate the pooled prevalence of stunting, wasting, and underweight. Sources of heterogeneity in the prevalence estimates were explored through subgroup meta-analyses and meta-regression using generalized linear mixed-effects models. Human development index (a country-specific composite index based on life expectancy, literacy, access to education and per capita gross domestic product) and the United Nations region were explored as potential sources of variation in undernutrition. The overall prevalence was 29.1% (95% CI 26.7%, 31.6%) for stunting, 6.3% (95% CI 4.6%, 8.2%) for wasting, and 13.7% (95% CI 10.9%, 16.9%) for underweight. Subgroup analyses suggested that Western Africa, Southern Asia, and Southeastern Asia had a substantially higher estimated prevalence of undernutrition than global average estimates. In multivariable meta-regression, a combination of human development index and United Nations region (a proxy for geographical variation) explained 54%, 56%, and 66% of the variation in stunting, wasting, and underweight prevalence, respectively. Our findings demonstrate that regional, subregional, and country disparities in undernutrition remain, and the residual gaps to close towards achieving the second sustainable development goal—ending undernutrition by 2030.

Incidence of Insufficient Physical Activity Among Adults and Its Relationship with the Human Development Index: A Global Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Victoria Momenabadi ◽  
Elham Goodarzi ◽  
Maryam Seraji ◽  
Ahmad Naghibzadeh-Tahami ◽  
Reza Beiranvand ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Human Development ◽  
Human Development Index ◽  
Physical Inactivity ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Non Communicable Diseases ◽  
Development Index ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
The World ◽  
Insufficient Physical Activity

Background: Insufficient physical activity, particularly in low- and middle-income countries, plays an important role in the spread of non-communicable diseases. Objectives: The purpose of this study is to investigate the incidence of insufficient physical activity and its relationship with the human development index (HDI) in the world. Methods: This is an ecological study, and the study data, including the human development index and the incidence of insufficient physical activity, were extracted from the World Bank’s database. The descriptive analysis included mean and standard deviation. The inferential analysis consisted of two-way correlation and ANOVA at a significance level of less than 0.05. The analyses were performed using Stata-14 software. Results: The highest incidence of insufficient physical activity in both sexes (39.26 [37.42, 40.95]) was found in the Americas, especially in high-income regions. There was a significant positive correlation between the incidence of insufficient physical inactivity and HDI in the world (r = 0.446, P < 0.0001). This correlation was also significant in Asia and Africa (P < 0.05). The results showed a positive correlation between components of HDI (i.e., gross national income per 1000 capita, mean years of schooling, life expectancy at birth, and expected years of schooling) and insufficient activity (P < 0.0001). The results of ANOVA also exhibited a significant relationship between the mean prevalence of physical inactivity and the level of development (P < 0.0001). Conclusions: Given the significant correlation between the incidence of insufficient physical inactivity and HDI, understanding this correlation and its components, especially in low- and middle-income countries can alleviate the impact of physical inactivity epidemics in the future, thereby contributing to the effective global prevention of non-communicable diseases.

scholarly journals DEMOCRACY AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT IN AFRICA: A FRIEND OR FOE?

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Semyalo Moses ◽  
Xu Yuanwang
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Human Development ◽  
Rule Of Law ◽  
Human Development Index ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Panel Study ◽  
Dynamic Panel Data ◽  
Development Index ◽  
Life Expectancy At Birth ◽  
The Impact

The study assessed the impact of democracy on economic development in Africa from 1996 to 2017 for a panel study of 50 African countries. The study employed panel methodologies such as panel stepwise regression, generalized linear model, and Arellano-Bond dynamic panel data GMM (two-step) and censored Tobit regression methods for its robustness inference. The study found a negative and strong statistically significant relationship between democracy and economic development in Africa. Whereas the rule of law negatively relates to economic growth and voice and accountability also relates at a statistical significance level of 1% across all the methods used for the data analysis. İn the wake to achieve higher economic development, one variable critically showed promising thus human development index. The human development index encompasses a composite measure of life expectancy at birth, per capita income indicators, and level of education in every country. KEYWORDS: Democracy; Economic development; Rule of law; Voice and Accountability; Corruption control

PS280 The Impact of Human Development Index on Heart Valvular Surgery Mortality of 42,352 Patients With Rheumatic Heart Disease in Brazil

Global Heart ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. e62
Author(s):  
R.M.D.A. Xavier ◽  
V.M.P. Azevedo ◽  
R.E. Muller ◽  
F.F. Nascimento ◽  
C.M. Aquino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Disease ◽  
Human Development ◽  
Rheumatic Heart Disease ◽  
Human Development Index ◽  
Development Index ◽  
Valvular Surgery ◽  
Surgery Mortality ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Rheumatic Heart

scholarly journals ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT IN AFRICA AND EUROPE: RECIPROCAL COMPARISONS

2015 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-37
Author(s):  
Stephen Broadberry ◽  
Leigh Gardner
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Human Development ◽  
Human Development Index ◽  
Development Potential ◽  
Development Index ◽  
National Accounting ◽  
Recent Advances ◽  
Alternative Measures ◽  
Per Capita

ABSTRACTRecent advances in historical national accounting have allowed for global comparisons of GDPper capitaacross space and time. Critics have argued that GDPper capitafails to capture adequately the multi-dimensional nature of welfare, and have developed alternative measures such as the human development index. Whilst recognising that these wider indicators provide an appropriate way of assessing levels of welfare, we argue that GDPper capitaremains a more appropriate measure for assessing development potential, focussing on production possibilities and the sustainability of consumption. Twentieth-century Africa and pre-industrial Europe are used to show how such data can guide reciprocal comparisons to provide insights into the process of development on both continents.

scholarly journals The Role of Education in Human Development in Iraq for the Period 1980-2012

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 251
Author(s):  
Sabah Faihan Mahmood ◽  
Yassen Taha Mahmood
Keyword(s):  
Human Development ◽  
Human Development Index ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Development Index ◽  
Level Of Knowledge ◽  
Index Value ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Shed Light

      Human Development aims to   enlarge choices in front of people by improving the level of health, education, and income; this means that this process will upgrade both the economic and social development.In other words, human development aimes to raise the average of age and this requires the advancement of the health aspect, raise the level of knowledge and this requires the advancement of  the educational aspect of all kinds., and raise the standard of living, and this requires the advancement of the economic aspect by providing the necessary jobs and promote economic activities.      The study focus on the relationship between education and human development which has great importance as a mean to determine the impact of education on human development. The research seeks to achieve a set of objectives, including:        Review  the concept of human development and its basic elements, shed light on the reality of development in Iraq and follow the path of its development, and find out the role of education in influencing human development through the changes taking place in it and its impact on increase or decrease  human development index during the period of the research.       The research found set of   results, the most important were the important effect of the education index on the level of human development index represented by HDI.  Iraq had a good educational system in the eighties and nineties, reaching good education index value for the year (1990) which was (0.890), making the human development index in Iraq in the highest level and the value of the Human Development Index (0.759) in the first report issued by the United Nations in the year (1990). when the education index fall back there was negatively impact on the value of human development  index in Iraq Directory, so when the education index value became (0.721) , the value of the Human Development Index  was  (0.590) in the year 2011 . This means that the value of the human development index decrease in recent years, although of improvement in the level of health, and the average per capita GDP in Iraq, and this illustrates the significant role of education on the human development process.

scholarly journals IMPACT OF FINANCIAL INCLUSION, GOVERNMENT EXPENDITURES IN EDUCATION AND HEALTH SECTORS ON HUMAN DEVELOPMENT IN INDONESIA

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 5
Author(s):  
Mulia Simatupang
Keyword(s):  
Human Development ◽  
Government Policy ◽  
Human Development Index ◽  
Health Sector ◽  
Financial Inclusion ◽  
Government Expenditures ◽  
Development Index ◽  
Education And Health ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact

ABSTRACT The purpose of this paper in to assess the impact of financial inclusion and  government expenditures in education and health sectors in order to increase human development index. Government expenditures has important role to support economic growth and welfare for its people. Fiscal policy expenditures in education and health sectors are kind of significant government policy to increase human development. It is believed that financial inclusion has also important role  to reduce poverty and indirectly increase human development index. Financial inclusion  has positive impacts to human development index component along with government  expenditures in education and health sector. In the years ahead, The Government should prioritize and increase budget in order to increase human  resources quality in Indonesia.

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