scholarly journals Serotype Distribution of Streptococcus pneumoniae Carriage ‎in Six-Month-Old Infants: A Cross-sectional Study During 2017-18, Tehran, ‎Iran

2021 ◽  
Vol In Press (In Press) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shirin Sayyahfar ◽  
Abdoulreza Esteghamati ◽  
Seyed Alireza Fahimzad ◽  
Safura Hajisadeghi Isfahani ◽  
Ali Nazari Alam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Streptococcus Pneumoniae ◽  
Multiplex Pcr ◽  
Positive Culture ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Serotype Distribution ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Healthy Infants ◽  
Invasive Infections

Background: Streptococcus pneumoniae is recognized as one of the main pathogens inducing several invasive and non-invasive infections in children. Objective: The present study aimed to evaluate the serotype distribution of S. pneumoniae in six–month–old carriers. Methods: This study encompassed 600 six-month-old healthy infants whose pharyngeal swap samples were collected and then cultured to isolate S. pneumoniae. Twenty- five different serotypes were defined on positive culture samples by multiplex PCR. Results: In this study, 13 cases (2.2%) were positive S. pneumonia. The most common isolated serotypes of S. pneumoniae were serotypes 23F (n = 6, 1%) and 3 (n = 3, 0.5%), respectively. Notably, the most frequent serotype in formula-fed infants (n = 300) was Serotype 23F (n = 5, 1.7%); however, Serotype 3 (n = 3, 1%) was the most frequent one in breastfed participants (n = 300). According to the findings, the overall coverage of PCV10, PCV13, and PPSV23 on the S. pneumoniae serotypes at the age of six months was 50%, 73%, and 85%, respectively. Conclusions: At this age, the type of feeding could not significantly affect the frequency rate of S. pneumoniae colonization, while the serotype distributions in the two breastfed and formula-fed groups were different.

scholarly journals Infectivity of healthcare workers diagnosed with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) approximately 2 weeks after onset of symptoms: A cross-sectional study

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-3
Author(s):  
Yves Longtin ◽  
Hugues Charest ◽  
Caroline Quach ◽  
Patrice Savard ◽  
Mariana Baz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Symptom Onset ◽  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Positive Culture ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Viral Shedding ◽  
Viral Culture ◽  
Respiratory Coronavirus ◽  
Respiratory Specimens

Abstract We performed viral culture of respiratory specimens in 118 severe acute respiratory coronavirus virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)–infected healthcare workers (HCWs), ∼2 weeks after symptom onset. Only 1 HCW (0.8%) had a positive culture. No factors for prolonged viral shedding were identified. Infectivity is resolved in nearly all HCWs ∼2 weeks after symptom onset.

scholarly journals Exhaled volatile substances in children suffering from type 1 diabetes mellitus: results from a cross-sectional study

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Phillip Trefz ◽  
Juliane Obermeier ◽  
Ruth Lehbrink ◽  
Jochen K. Schubert ◽  
Wolfram Miekisch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Metabolic Control ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Non Invasive

Abstract Monitoring metabolic adaptation to type 1 diabetes mellitus in children is challenging. Analysis of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in exhaled breath is non-invasive and appears as a promising tool. However, data on breath VOC profiles in pediatric patients are limited. We conducted a cross-sectional study and applied quantitative analysis of exhaled VOCs in children suffering from type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) (n = 53) and healthy controls (n = 60). Both groups were matched for sex and age. For breath gas analysis, a very sensitive direct mass spectrometric technique (PTR-TOF) was applied. The duration of disease, the mode of insulin application (continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion vs. multiple daily insulin injection) and long-term metabolic control were considered as classifiers in patients. The concentration of exhaled VOCs differed between T1DM patients and healthy children. In particular, T1DM patients exhaled significantly higher amounts of ethanol, isopropanol, dimethylsulfid, isoprene and pentanal compared to healthy controls (171, 1223, 19.6, 112 and 13.5 ppbV vs. 82.4, 784, 11.3, 49.6, and 5.30 ppbV). The most remarkable differences in concentrations were found in patients with poor metabolic control, i.e. those with a mean HbA1c above 8%. In conclusion, non-invasive breath testing may support the discovery of basic metabolic mechanisms and adaptation early in the progress of T1DM.

scholarly journals CORRELATION BETWEEN FRAILTY AND NON-INVASIVE CORONARY FLOW RESERVE: A CROSS SECTIONAL STUDY

2017 ◽  
Vol 69 (11) ◽  
pp. 2541
Author(s):  
Amjad M. Ahmed ◽  
Ihab Sulaiman ◽  
Mousa Alfaris ◽  
Dalia Ahmed ◽  
Ahmed Aljizeeri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coronary Flow Reserve ◽  
Coronary Flow ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Flow Reserve

scholarly journals Conjunctival bacterial flora in diabetic patients

2014 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Najmun Nahar ◽  
Shaheda Anwar ◽  
Md Ruhul Amin Miah
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Epidermidis ◽  
Bacterial Flora ◽  
Positive Culture ◽  
Study Groups ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Conjunctival Flora

Conjunctival flora refers to population of microorganisms that dwell within the eyes of healthy individuals and is important in maintaining a healthy ocular surface and normal conjunctival function. Conjunctival flora may be altered by a variety of factors that include age, immunosuppression and geography. Immune function is compromised in diabetes mellitus. The aim of the present study was to see the pattern of conjunctival bacterial flora in diabetic and non-diabetic patients. This cross sectional study was carried out in BSMMU during the period of January 2011 to December 2011. Total 500 conjunctival swabs were collected from both eyes of 50 diabetic patients attending OPD of Endocrinology Department of BSMMU and 200 non-diabetic individuals. Significant number of culture was positive in diabetic patients (64.0%) compared to that of non-diabetic individuals (38.0%). Staphylococcus epidermidis was predominant in both study groups (diabetic vs non-diabetic: 41.3% vs 65.26%). Staphylococcus aureus (15.22%), Escherichia coli (6.52%) and Enterobacter (8.33%) were isolated in diabetic patients. Rate of positive culture in both and single eyes were higher in diabetic (28%, 36.0%) than that of non-diabetic individuals (9.5%, 28.5%). DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/imcj.v7i1.17698 Ibrahim Med. Coll. J. 2013; 7(1): 5-8

scholarly journals A retrospective cross-sectional study of delayed closure of anterior fontanelle in healthy infants and its associated factors

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
MengYan Tang ◽  
Fei Xiong ◽  
Ping Li ◽  
Limin Zeng ◽  
SuFei Yang
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Head Circumference ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Birth Length ◽  
Anterior Fontanelle ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Healthy Infants ◽  
Delayed Closure

Abstract Background: Anterior fontanelle (AF) is a regular feature of developing infants, and its delayed closure (AFDC) is highly valued in clinical child healthcare. Methods: A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted with a 3-year follow-up to understand the occurrence of AFDC in healthy infants and its associated factors.Results: 61 out of 792 infants examined had AFDC, resulting in an incidence rate of 7.71% of AFDC in healthy infants. 92.29% of infants were found to have experienced AF closure by the age of 24 months, while up to 99.87% of them achieved closure before 36 months. From the age of 1 month to 36 months, the median AF size of the AFDC group was significantly larger than that of the normal closure (AFNC) group. Between 6 and 36 months, the median weight as well as length/height of the AFDC infants were both lower than those of their counterparts. Additionally, there indicated no difference in head circumference between two groups. Several factors were associated with AFDC in healthy infants, which were heavier birth weight (OR=1.001), longer birth length (OR=0.778), larger AF size at 1 month (OR=4.196), and being male (OR=1.851).Conclusion: AFDC in healthy infants was considered within a normal range for AF development and thus not pathological in this case. AF development was correlated to infant weight as well as length/height, but had no significant relationship with head circumference. Congenital factors such as birth weight, birth length, AF size at birth, and gender were found associated with AFDC in healthy infants.

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