scholarly journals Association of Gross Domestic Product with Under-Five Mortality Rate and Life Expectancy During 1990 - 2015 in Iran: An Ecological Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Firooz Esmaeilzadeh ◽  
Manijeh Alimohammadi ◽  
Mojtaba Sepandi ◽  
Farzad Khodamoradi ◽  
Yousef Alimohamadi
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Gross Domestic Product ◽  
Ecological Study ◽  
Domestic Product ◽  
Under Five

Issues of Convergence

2016 ◽  
pp. 119-143 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maniklal Adhikary ◽  
Melisha Khatun
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Infant Mortality ◽  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Gross Domestic Product ◽  
Infant Mortality Rate ◽  
Domestic Product ◽  
Capita Gross Domestic Product ◽  
Life Expectancy At Birth ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Conditional Beta

There is no point to disagree that inequality in recent time has come up as a growing social predicament in the world. This chapter endeavors to look into the issue of convergence in terms of per capita gross domestic product, infant mortality rate, life expectancy at birth and Human Development Index among eight member countries of South Asian Association of Regional Cooperation (SAARC) during the time frame 1990-2013. There has been an evidence of strong absolute beta divergence in terms of per capita gross domestic product and infant mortality rate. But the beta convergence in terms of life expectancy at birth and HDI has also been empirically evidenced. Strong evidence of conditional beta divergence conditioning on infant mortality rate exists in terms of PCGDP only for the time period 1990-1995. Sigma divergence implying dispersion among the countries in terms of PCGDP and IMR has risen over time. But sigma convergence has been found to exist for LEB and HDI.

scholarly journals Factors affecting Mortality Rate of Infants and under Five in the Philippines: An application of Structural Equation Modeling

2017 ◽  
pp. 21-25
Author(s):  
Sherwin S. Fortugaliza
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Gross Domestic Product ◽  
Health Expenditure ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Domestic Product ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Per Capita

A gradual decrease of the mortality rate of infants and under five in the Philippines was recorded from 1996 to 2013. However, this sign of progress still requires additional efforts to achieve the Millennium Development Goal of reducing the risk. This paper attempts to test empirically the different factors affecting mortality rate of infants and under five in the Philippines, an indicator in gauging health security using a time series data (1996-2013). This will serve as a basis in crafting policies that will critically and efficiently reduce the number of deaths. The average mortality rate of infants and under five was selected as the endogenous variable, Gross Domestic Product per capita and out of the pocket health expenditure were treated as the exogenous variable. Health expenditure total percentage of Gross Domestic Product and average percentage of immunization were the mediating variables. Using structural equation modeling, all these variables were tested for possible complex causality. Result showed that both Average Immunization and Gross Domestic Product per capita significantly affect mortality rate (β=-.510, p<.000; β=-1.340, p<.05). Thus, it is strongly recommended that the country should critically undertake measures to increase Gross Domestic Product per capita and should widen immunization rate.

scholarly journals An Association of Total Health Expenditure with GDP and Life Expectancy

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. AU7-AU12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sojib Bin Zaman ◽  
Naznin Hossain ◽  
Varshil Mehta ◽  
Shuchita Sharmin ◽  
Shakeel Ahmed Ibne Mahmood
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Gross Domestic Product ◽  
Health Expenditure ◽  
Health Spending ◽  
Domestic Product ◽  
Fiscal Year ◽  
Total Health Expenditure ◽  
Registration System ◽  
Individual Level

Introduction: Gradual  total health expenditure (THE) has become a major concern. It is not only the increased THE, but also its unequal growth in  overall economy, found among the developing countries. If increased life expectancy is considered as a leverage for an individual’s investment in health services, it can be  expected that as the life expectancy increases, tendency of health care investment will also experience a boost up. Objective: The aim of the present study was to explore and identify the association of healthcare expenditure with the life expectancy and Gross Domestic Product (GDP) in developing countries, especially that of Bangladesh. Methodology: Data were retrospectively collected from “Health Bulletin 2011” and “Sample Vital Registration System 2010” of Bangladesh considering the fiscal year 1996 to fiscal year 2006. Using STATA, multivariable logistic regression was performed to find out the association of total health expenditure with GDP and life expectancy. Results: A direct relationship between GDP and total health expenditure was found through analysing the data. At the individual level, income  had a direct influence on health spending. However, there was no significant relationship between total health expenditure with increased life expectancy. Conclusion: The present study did not find any association between life expectancy and total health expenditure. However, our analysis found out that total health expenditure is more sensitive to gross domestic product rather than life expectancy.

scholarly journals Economic interventions to ameliorate the impact of COVID-19 on the economy and health: an international comparison

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shaun Danielli ◽  
Raman Patria ◽  
Patrice Donnelly ◽  
Hutan Ashrafian ◽  
Ara Darzi
Keyword(s):  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Gross Domestic Product ◽  
International Comparison ◽  
Real World ◽  
Domestic Product ◽  
Real World Data ◽  
Economic Collapse ◽  
Available Information ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Second Wave

Abstract Background The COVID-19 pandemic continues to challenge governments and policymakers worldwide. They have rightfully prioritised reducing the spread of the virus through social distancing interventions. However, shuttered business and widespread restrictions on travel and mobility have led to an economic collapse with increasing uncertainty of how quickly recovery will be achieved. Methods The authors carried out a review of publicly available information on the economic intervention’s countries have put in place to ameliorate the impact of COVID-19. Results The strategies and scale of economic interventions have been broad, ranging from 2.5% to a reported 50% of Gross Domestic Product. Conclusions Numerous countries are beginning to ease lockdown restrictions and restart economies in different ways. There is therefore evolving, real-world data that should be used dynamically by governments and policymakers. The strategies on restarting the economy must be balanced against the uncertainty of a possible second wave of COVID-19. A nuanced approach to easing restrictions needs to take into account not only immediate risk to life but longer-term risks of widening inequalities and falling life expectancy.

scholarly journals Demographic variables associated with Covid-19 mortality

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
José Manuel Madrazo Cabo ◽  
Nuvia Adriana Monter Valera ◽  
Edith Jocelyn Hernández Sánchez ◽  
Mariola Ruiz Sánchez ◽  
Gabriela Sánchez Machorro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Gross Domestic Product ◽  
Chronic Conditions ◽  
Direct Contact ◽  
Protein S ◽  
Demographic Variables ◽  
Domestic Product ◽  
Population Pyramid ◽  
Pyramid Structure ◽  
The Mean

Objectives: Covid-19 is a betacoronavirus that was initially transmitted to humans from an animal host. It enters the cell by binding its protein S with angiotensin-converted enzyme receptors. It is transmitted through direct contact and respiratory drops. The most affected population so far are older adults and people with chronic conditions. The objective of this research is to analyze the possible association between the structure of the population pyramid, the Gross Domestic Product, the type of isolation and screening used to detect Covid-19 in the countries with the highest and lowest mortality from this disease.Design and Methods: Some variables take part in the Covid-19 mortality worldwide, such as the population structure, expressed in the population pyramid by country, the type of isolation adopted in each nation, the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) as well as the type of screening that is implemented in the different countries analyzed.Results: After analyzing the mean difference in the countries with a regressive and progressive population pyramid, an association was identified between the regressive population pyramid structure and the higher mortality rate (p<0.001).Conclusions: The countries with a progressive population pyramid are the most benefited by making their population more screened since the mortality rate decreases significantly compared to the countries with less attribution (p<0.036).

Time indicator of the Human Development Index

2017 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 273-296
Author(s):  
R Ibar-Alonso ◽  
C Cosculluela-Martínez ◽  
GJD Hewings
Keyword(s):  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Gross Domestic Product ◽  
United Nations ◽  
Human Development ◽  
Human Development Index ◽  
Domestic Product ◽  
Discriminant Functions ◽  
Development Index ◽  
Fisher Discriminant ◽  
The United Nations

The Human Development Index, computed by the United Nations, has been challenged since it does not measure the real development of a country. It needs to be combined with other indexes and ratios (poverty, Gini index). Using the same data as the United Nations, an additional dimension (time) is added to create a Time Human Development Index (THDI) where the weights differ for each cluster of countries. Fisher discriminant functions classify countries in each period of time, allowing different weights of the variables for the same country each year. Results suggest that when the Literacy and gross enrolment rates decrease in the four countries occupying the lower positions in the THDI, the THDI falls. In those countries where the THDI increases, gross domestic product and life expectancy rates do not seem to be positively correlated to the THDI, while the gross enrolment rate also increases. Thus, gross enrolment and literacy rates are variables related to the evolution of THDI; while, surprisingly, gross domestic product and life expectancy has few influence in its evolution.

Happier countries, longer lives: an ecological study on the relationship between subjective sense of well-being and life expectancy

2017 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 36-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Grahame F. Evans ◽  
Elsayed Z. Soliman
Keyword(s):  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Gross Domestic Product ◽  
Ecological Footprint ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Strong Relationship ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Domestic Product ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
The Relationship

The relationship between sense of well-being and longevity is not well-established across populations of varying levels of socioeconomic status. We sought to examine the relationship between happiness, or subjective sense of well-being and life expectancy using data from 151 countries. This analysis is based on the 2012 Happy Planet Index project conducted by the Center of Well-Being of the New Economics Foundation, based in the United Kingdom. Well-being data for each country were taken from responses to the ‘Ladder of Life’ question in the 2012 Gallup World Poll in which participants were asked to rate their quality of life on a scale from 1 (worst possible life) to 10 (best possible life). Life expectancy and gross domestic product data were taken from the 2011 United Nations records. Ecological footprint data were taken from Global Footprint Network records. Subjective sense of well-being was highly correlated with life expectancy (Pearson correlation r = 0.71, p < 0.0001). In a multivariable linear regression model adjusted for gross domestic product, ecological footprint, and population, each 1 unit of the well-being scale was associated with an increase in life expectancy of 4.0 years (95% confidence interval = 2.7–5.3). In conclusion, better sense of well-being has a strong relationship with life expectancy regardless of economic status or population size, suggesting that governments should foster happiness in order to support long-living populations.

The Effects of Population Aging and Life Expectancy on Economic Growth

2021 ◽  
pp. 97-118
Author(s):  
Mustafa Kiziltan
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Gross Domestic Product ◽  
Least Squares ◽  
Population Aging ◽  
Generalized Least Squares ◽  
Ordinary Least Squares ◽  
Income Growth ◽  
Domestic Product ◽  
Population Structures

This study examines the effects of gross saving rates, gross capital formation, population aging, and life expectancy on income growth between 1985 and 2018 for selected emerging market and middle-income economies. The estimates by feasible generalized least squares (FGLS), fully modified ordinary least squares (FMOLS), dynamic ordinary least squares (DOLS), canonical cointegrating regressions (CCR), and Driscoll-Kraay methods show the impact of population aging on income growth is positive. However, life expectancy gives positive results for gross domestic product per capita growth and negative results for gross domestic product growth. The results confirm that there is still an increasing population for emerging economies in general. In this respect, they also point to the neutral view approach for these countries. This situation highlights the importance of considering the effects of population aging on sustainable economic growth in emerging countries. For this reason, decision makers in these economies must monitor population structures closely and carefully.

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