scholarly journals Vegetation mapping of moss-dominated areas of northern part of James Ross Island (Antarctica) and a suggestion of protective measures

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miloš Barták ◽  
Peter Váczi ◽  
Zdeněk Stachoň ◽  
Svatava Kubešová
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Information Systems ◽  
Winter Season ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Vegetation Mapping ◽  
Weddell Sea ◽  
Geographical Information ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Protective Measures ◽  
Long Term Study ◽  
James Ross Island

James Ross Island is a large (2500 km) island situated in the north-western part of the Weddell Sea, close to the northern tip of the Antarctic Peninsula. The island is rich in vegetation oases, i.e. areas covered by autotrophic organisms comprising a great variety of terrestrial algae, cyanobacteria, lichens and mosses. In this study, a GPS method was used to measure moss-dominated vegetation areas located at northern part of James Ross Island. Several small-scale (above 400 m2) areas were selected for the measurements of their shape, total area, boarder line, mean slope, and exposition as well as biodiversity of mosses. The areas of interest were located particularly in neighbourhood of the Big and Small Lachman lakes and northern slopes of Berry Hill mesa. Typically, the moss-dominated areas were supplied with melt water from neighbouring snow fields formed in previous austral winter season. Specimens of mosses were collected from each site so that dominating species forming community structure could be evaluated. Individual areas differed in species richness, however, Bryum pseudotriquetrum and Hypnum revolutum dominated most of them. Sanionia uncinata was found at the only one of the investigated areas and might be considered as rare species for James Ross Island. In the paper, shape location and area of moss-dominated spots at James Ross Island is reported and discussed in relation to morphological characteristics of particular sites as well as water availability during austral summer season. Potential of the data for geographical information systems (GIS), further application of unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) in vegetation mapping, and spectral reflectance parameters measurements of Antarctic moss-dominated areas are discussed. For particular areas, protective measures are suggested to minimize human disturbance of the sites and provide a platform for a long-term study of biodiversity.

Geoinformation research and vegetation mapping (digest based on the proceedings of the InterCarto. InterGIS conference. 1994–2020)

2020 ◽  
pp. 78-98
Author(s):  
T. V. Kotova
Keyword(s):  
Forest Management ◽  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Geographical Information Systems ◽  
Biological Diversity ◽  
Far East ◽  
Vegetation Mapping ◽  
Geographical Information ◽  
Plant Resources ◽  
Ecological Functions ◽  
Geoinformation Technologies

Proceedings of the International conference (ИнтерКарто. ИнтерГИС, Russia) devoted to geographical information systems for sustainable development of territories have been published annually since 1994. The articles discuss theoretical and methodological aspects of geoinformation support for environmental, economic and social aspects of sustainable de­velop­ment, issues of geoinformatics, cartography, remote sensing of the Earth, problems of environmental sustainability and environmental impact assessment. Over a quarter of a century, the conference proceedings got more than 125 articles related to the use of geoinformation technologies to the study and mapping of vegetation. The review of proceedings gives the concrete examples how to solve problems of vegetation mapping using GIS, it is focused on publications providing some examples of GIS appli­cation to the vegetation studies. The review is organized into thematic sections according the field of application of Geoinformatics: 1.Vegetation, 2. Dynamics, state and ecological functions of vegetation, 3. Biodiversity and its assessment, 4. Plant resources, 5. Monitoring of vegetation. The Vegetation section contains publications on vegetation studies and mapping performed for some regions of Russia — the North of the Far East, the Republic of Sakha (Yaku­tia), the Tyva Republic, Central Siberia, and others. More than half of the articles are devoted to vegetation dynamics, state and ecological functions of vegetation at different hierarchical levels. Some papers present the results of the studies based on new types of information sources (photographs) and visualization methods (animation). The use of geoinformation technologies to study biological diversity was included in the agenda of five conference sessions and later reflected in more than ten publications. They cover the development and creation of GIS, the use of geoinformation technologies for the analysis, assessment and mapping of biodiversity, for its monitoring and conservation. Quite a large number of articles are devoted to the study of forest resources. GIS technologies were used to solve problems of forest management, cartometric analysis of forested areas, determination of taxation indicators, systematization of forest conditions, etc. Examples of geoinformation versatile research for medicinal plant resources are given to assess their quality, resources and productivity in the region, to identify growing areas, including ones to be protected. Most of the published materials concerning to vegetation monitoring mainly relate to forests and forest management.

scholarly journals A GIS model for landfill siting

2013 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-34
Keyword(s):  
Human Activities ◽  
Geographical Information Systems ◽  
Spatial Information ◽  
Landfill Site ◽  
Geographical Information ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Gis Model ◽  
Island Area ◽  
Site Evaluation ◽  
Site Ranking

The use of Geographical Information Systems (GIS) for Landfill Sitting is studied. The necessary spatial information required to determine the candidate sites for any type of terrestrial area (Community/Prefecture/Region/Country) is examined. This spatial information is then used for site selection via successive spatial operations: Buffering, overlaying and attribute calculations. The method is tested for the whole region of the island of Crete, producing spatial numerical results, which can be used as points of reference for any future Landfill Sitting study for this area. In our study, the main spatial information required for Landfill Sitting is determined in such a manner, so that the spatial development of the region is assured to be sustainable for the future generations. This means that we try to include as much as possible Environmental / Ecological / Economic factors characterizing the region under consideration. These factors take the form of spatial information, organized in spatial layers. The layers are then inserted into the GIS model for (a) Landfill site exclusion, and (b) Landfill site evaluation. All spatial layers correspond to subcategories of the main categories, defined as follows (GIS model setup): A. NATURE / ECOSYSTEM, B. HUMAN ACTIVITIES, C. WATER RESOURCES / HYDROLOGY, and D. ANTIQUITIES. The exclusion “rules” are then defined by varying buffer distances surrounding each of the above layers separately (distance maps). The total areas to be excluded for each Category are defined by overlaying (union) the various distance maps in a sequential order, with the final “exclusion” map to be the union of all the above sub/distance maps. The remaining areas are then to be evaluated individually. The GIS model results showed that, for the island of Crete, and a moderate buffer distances (“restrictions”) scenario, a total of 47.73% of the whole area is excluded when we consider restrictions residing from Category A. NATURE/ECOSYSTEM, 61.40% is excluded due to the HUMAN ACTIVITIES (Category B), 16.03% is rejected due to WATER RESOURCES/HYDROLOGY protection considerations (Category C), and only 1,04% of the total island area is excluded due to existence of ANTIQUITIES (Category D). If we are to combine the above Categories (A-D), a total of 82.65% of the total area is to be excluded, or a total of 17.35% of the island area only is suitable for Landfill Sitting. The GIS model results defines precisely which these areas are, so small-scale research, based on these results, is required for the final site ranking and selection.

scholarly journals Morphological characteristics of Potentilla fruticosa in the urban ecosystem of Novosibirsk city

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
pp. 00050
Author(s):  
Anna Lugovskaya
Keyword(s):  
Anthropogenic Disturbance ◽  
Geographical Information Systems ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Urban Ecosystem ◽  
Control Area ◽  
Geographical Information ◽  
Computer Image Analysis ◽  
Potentilla Fruticosa ◽  
High Level ◽  
The City

Changes in leaf morphological characteristics in Potentilla fruticosa growing under the transport and industrial pollution conditions in the city of Novosibirsk have been studied. Leaf morphological characteristics were determined by computer image analysis using geographical information systems (GIS). It was found that, in response to anthropogenic disturbance, the size of the assimilating organs of plants decreased by a factor of 1.2-4.5 and the leaf fluctuating asymmetry increased compared to these parameters in control plants; the urban area had a high level of environmental pollution, and the control area a low level.

scholarly journals ENTERING ROCINHA: A GIS APPROACH FOR THE IMPROVEMENT OF SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT IN A SLUM IN RIO DE JANEIRO (BRAZIL)

Detritus ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 221-231 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesca Villa ◽  
Andrea Arcidiacono ◽  
Francesco Causone ◽  
Gabriele Masera ◽  
Massimo Tadi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Waste Management ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Geographical Information Systems ◽  
Solid Waste Management ◽  
Geographical Information ◽  
Second Step ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Waste Streams ◽  
Accessible Information ◽  
Low Incomes

Solid waste management (SWM) is recognized worldwide as an important issue to deal with in pursuing livability. The favela (slum) of Rocinha represents a good synthesis of all challenges which can be encountered in this field: high population density , lack of space and narrow streets, residents struggling with low incomes. In Rocinha, services coverage is lacking and unsatisfying in many sectors, including SWM. In this study, we investigate the reason for this inadequacy. Waste streams have been analyzed as a first step. The second step was the description of the SWM system and of its criticalities. All accessible information has been used and Geographical Information Systems (GIS) played an important role in the data processing. In the final discussion, we suggest a small-scale and decentralized waste management network, collaborating with the centralized collection system. This study is a piece of the project Polimipararocinha of Politecnico di Milano (Italy) which pursues the overall urban re-qualification of Rocinha.

scholarly journals Geomorphological quantitative analysis of Sperchios River Basin area (Central Greece) utilizing geographical information systems.

2016 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 325 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Psomiadis ◽  
G. Migiros ◽  
V. Antoniou
Keyword(s):  
River Basin ◽  
Catchment Area ◽  
Geographical Information Systems ◽  
Spatial Models ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Geographical Information ◽  
Digital Terrain ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Basin Area

In the present study the analysis of the morphometric quantitative parameters of Sperchios river basin, and specifically of the 8 main sub-basins of the northern and southern part, have been made. The integrated use of a Geographic Information System (GIS) allows a thorough spatial analysis of the data derived from digital terrain spatial models that reveal the geomorphological characteristics of an area. The thorough analysis of the results shows the significant difference of the morphological characteristics of the northern and southern part of the catchment area, due to the impact of the neotectonic activity of the area, which creates this asymmetrical topography.

Assessment of land-use change in coastal areas through geographical information systems

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Verónica Lango-Reynoso ◽  
Karla Teresa González-Figueroa ◽  
Fabiola Lango-Reynoso ◽  
María del Refugio Castañeda-Chávez ◽  
Jesús Montoya-Mendoza
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Land Use Change ◽  
Geographical Information Systems ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Scientific Information ◽  
Coastal Ecosystems ◽  
Coastal Areas ◽  
Geographical Information ◽  
Coastal Zones ◽  
Computer Based

Objective: This article describes and analyzes the main concepts of coastal ecosystems, these as a result of research concerning land-use change assessments in coastal areas. Design/Methodology/Approach: Scientific articles were searched using keywords in English and Spanish. Articles regarding land-use change assessment in coastal areas were selected, discarding those that although being on coastal zones and geographic and soil identification did not use Geographic Information System (GIS). Results: A GIS is a computer-based tool for evaluating the land-use change in coastal areas by quantifying variations. It is analyzed through GIS and its contributions; highlighting its importance and constant monitoring. Limitations of the study/Implications: This research analyzes national and international scientific information, published from 2007 to 2019, regarding the land-use change in coastal areas quantified with the digital GIS tool. Findings/Conclusions: GIS are useful tools in the identification and quantitative evaluation of changes in land-use in coastal ecosystems; which require constant evaluation due to their high dynamism.

A protocol for sampling pastures in hill country

2016 ◽  
Vol 78 ◽  
pp. 203-209 ◽  
Author(s):  
K.J. Hutchinson ◽  
D.R. Scobie ◽  
J. Beautrais ◽  
A.D. Mackay ◽  
G.M. Rennie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Random Sampling ◽  
Geographical Information Systems ◽  
Field Measurements ◽  
Decision Support Tool ◽  
Accurate Estimate ◽  
Ease Of Use ◽  
Geographical Information ◽  
Support Tool ◽  
Topographic Complexity ◽  
Hill Country

To develop a protocol to guide pasture sampling for estimation of paddock pasture mass in hill country, a range of pasture sampling strategies, including random sampling, transects and stratification based on slope and aspect, were evaluated using simulations in a Geographical Information Systems computer environment. The accuracy and efficiency of each strategy was tested by sampling data obtained from intensive field measurements across several farms, regions and seasons. The number of measurements required to obtain an accurate estimate was related to the overall pasture mass and the topographic complexity of a paddock, with more variable paddocks requiring more samples. Random sampling from average slopes provided the best balance between simplicity and reliability. A draft protocol was developed from the simulations, in the form of a decision support tool, where visual determination of the topographic complexity of the paddock, along with the required accuracy, were used to guide the number of measurements recommended. The protocol was field tested and evaluated by groups of users for efficacy and ease of use. This sampling protocol will offer farmers, consultants and researchers an efficient, reliable and simple way to determine pasture mass in New Zealand hill country settings. Keywords: hill country, feed budgeting, protocol pasture mass, slope

(A review) Vegetation and biotopes of the National Park “Narochansky” with the Map of terrestrial vegetation (S. 1 : 60 000) and the Map of biotopes (S. 1 : 60 000)

2019 ◽  
pp. 68-72
Author(s):  
E. A. Volkova
Keyword(s):  
National Park ◽  
Forest Cover ◽  
Practical Importance ◽  
Vegetation Mapping ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Terrestrial Vegetation ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
National Academy Of Sciences ◽  
Experimental Botany ◽  
High Level

A monograph “Vegetation and biotopes of the “Narochansky” National Park was published in Minsk, Belarus in 2017, edited by A. V. Pugachevsky (Grummo et al., 2017). It includes the Map of terrestrial vegetation (S. 1 : 60 000) and the Map of biotopes (S. 1 : 60 000). Some small-scale maps such as the Map of changes in forest cover of the “Narochansky” National Park for the period 1985–2016, the Map of forest loss in the “Narochansky” National Park for the period 1985–2016 and a series of inventory and analytical maps on the basin of the Naroch Lake are given. This monograph can be considered as a small regional Atlas with detailed explanatory texts to the maps. It presents the experience on vegetation mapping accumulated in the Laboratory of Geobotany and Vegetation mapping of the Institute of Experimental Botany of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus. Despite some critical comments, mainly concerning the biotope map, this publication of Belarusian geobotanists deserves an approval. They received the full answers to the questions posed: “What do we protect?” and “What is a current state of the vegetation of the National Park and the main trends of its dynamics? Cartographic design is made at a high level; the maps have both scientific and practical importance in the planning of environmental and economic activities.

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