STUDY ON IN-SITU pH VALUES IN THE ESOPHAGUS AND IN THE REMNANT STOMACH OF PATIENTS WITH POSTOPERATIVE COMPLAINTS

Recurrent outbreaks of Pelagia noctiluca and health problems consequent to stings were recorded during the last decades. This phenomenon forced some Italian University laboratories to study this cnidarian. The first studies concerned the distribution, biochemical composition and morphology of nematocysts of Pelagia noctiluca. The discharge mechanism of nematocysts was defined starting from early 1980s when enzymes, cations, anions, and pH were observed to have an influence on this process. Notably, trypsin, extreme pH values, some anions (I–, Cl–, SCN–), and thioglycolate were seen to induce, while La3+ and Gd3+ to prevent, nematocyst discharge. The discharge of both in situ and isolated nematocyst was found to be Ca2+ dependent. Furthermore, Pelagia noctiluca nematocysts were seen to retain their discharging capacity in distilled water. The toxicological evaluations were carried out mainly using the crude venom from Pelagia noctiluca because, unfortunately, to date the composition of venom remains unknown. Hemolytic and cytotoxic properties of crude venom have been evaluated on erythrocytes and cultured guinea-pig fibroblasts, mouse fibroblasts, and cancer (neuroblastoma) cells. The activity of Pelagia noctiluca venom on other cnidarians has been also assessed. The crude venom induced apoptosis by reactive oxygen species generation and decrease in mitochondrial transmembrane potential, loss of mitochondrial integrity, and alteration of cell membrane permeability. A pore-forming action mechanism on mitochondrial membrane with oxidative damage was also suggested. The protective activity of some compounds against envenomations has been also evaluated. Future challenges will concern the attempts to characterize the venom and to perform a wider screening of cytotoxicity induced to normal and cancer cells.

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A study on the pH values in the remnant stomach by capsule method

Gastroenterologia Japonica ◽

10.1007/bf02779775 ◽

1972 ◽

Vol 7 (3-4) ◽

pp. 297-297

Author(s):

H. Shimada ◽

N. Niwa ◽

K. Kawai ◽

S. Irei ◽

J. Takahashi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Remnant Stomach ◽

Ph Values

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Oxygen Reduction Reaction on Au Revisited at Different pH Values using in situ Surface‐Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy

ChemSusChem ◽

10.1002/cssc.202000086 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 13 (10) ◽

pp. 2702-2708 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Hai‐Yang Yu ◽

Xiao‐Feng Li ◽

Tian‐Heng Zhang ◽

Jiao Liu ◽

Jing‐Hua Tian ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Raman Spectroscopy ◽

Oxygen Reduction Reaction ◽

Oxygen Reduction ◽

Surface Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy ◽

Reduction Reaction ◽

Ph Values ◽

Surface Enhanced ◽

Surface Enhanced Raman

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An Optical Fiber Chemical Sensor for the Detection of Copper(II) in Drinking Water

Sensors ◽

10.3390/s19235246 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 19 (23) ◽

pp. 5246 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Pesavento ◽

Profumo ◽

Merli ◽

Cucca ◽

Zeni ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Drinking Water ◽

Optical Fiber ◽

Optical Fibers ◽

Chemical Sensor ◽

Low Cost ◽

Self Assembled Monolayer ◽

Ph Values ◽

Highly Sensitive ◽

Selective Sensor

Highly sensitive plasmonic optical fiber platforms combined with receptors have been recently used to obtain selective sensors. A low-cost configuration can be obtained exploiting a D-shaped plastic optical fiber covered with a multilayer sensing surface. The multilayer consists of a gold film, functionalized with a specific receptor, where the surface plasmon resonance (SPR) occurs. The signal is produced by the refractive index variation occurring as a consequence of the receptor-to analyte binding. In this work, a selective sensor for copper(II) detection in drinking water, exploiting a self-assembled monolayer (SAM) of d,l-penicillamine as the sensing layer, has been developed and tested. Different concentrations of copper(II) in NaCl 0.1 M solutions at different pH values and in a real matrix (drinking water) have been considered. The results show that the sensor is able to sense copper(II) at concentrations ranging from 4 × 10-6 M to 2 × 10-4 M. The use of this optical chemical sensor is a very attractive perspective for fast, in situ and low-cost detection of Cu(II) in drinking water for human health concerns. Furthermore, the possibility of remote control is feasible as well, because optical fibers are employed.

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Effect of operational pH on biohydrogen production from food waste using anaerobic batch reactors

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.2014.097 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 69 (9) ◽

pp. 1886-1893 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

Chaeyoung Lee ◽

Sewook Lee ◽

Sun-Kee Han ◽

Sunjin Hwang

Keyword(s):

Food Waste ◽

Fish Analysis ◽

Batch Reactors ◽

Clostridium Species ◽

Ph Values ◽

Species Cluster ◽

Initial Ph ◽

H2 Yield ◽

Total Bacteria

This study was performed to investigate the influence of operational pH on dark H2 fermentation of food waste by employing anaerobic batch reactors. The highest maximum H2 yield was 1.63 mol H2/mol hexoseadded at operational pH 5.3, whereas the lowest maximum H2 yield was 0.88 mol H2/mol hexoseadded at operational pH 7.0. With decreasing operational pH values, the n-butyrate concentration tended to increase and the acetate concentration tended to decrease. The highest hydrogen conversion efficiency of 11.3% was obtained at operational pH 5.3, which was higher than that (8.3%) reported by a previous study (Kim et al. (2011) ‘Effect of initial pH independent of operational pH on hydrogen fermentation of food waste’, Bioresource Technology 102 (18), 8646–8652). The new result indicates that the dark fermentation of food waste was stable and efficient in this study. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis showed that Clostridium species Cluster I accounted for 84.7 and 13.3% of total bacteria at operational pH 5.3 and pH 7.0, respectively, after 48 h operation.

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Factors Affecting Survival and Cation Concentration in the Blackflies Prosimulium fuscum/mixtum and the Mayfly Leptophlebia cupida during Spring Snowmelt

Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences ◽

10.1139/f88-247 ◽

1988 ◽

Vol 45 (12) ◽

pp. 2123-2132 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Ronald J. Hall ◽

R. C. Bailey ◽

Joseph Findeis

Keyword(s):

Whole Body ◽

Toxicity Tests ◽

Transplant Experiment ◽

Gut Content ◽

Short Term ◽

Factors Affecting ◽

Ph Values ◽

Zn Concentration ◽

Spring Snowmelt

We used a transplant experiment to examine the effects of short-term pH depressions in spring on whole-body concentrations of nine metal cations (Ca, Mg, Na, Zn, Pb, Al, Mn, Cd, and Fe) and survival of two species of aquatic insects collected from two habitats with year-round differences in pH. Survival of Leptophlebia cupida and Prosimulium fuscum/mixtum was close to 100% in 4- and 10-d in situ toxicity tests prior to and during snowmelt at pH levels ranging from 6.5 to 4.2. Differences in metal concentrations (Zn, Cd, and Na) existed between mayflies collected from different streams with pH values of 6.2−5.6. Both species transplanted from pH 6.2 to 4.2 streamwater had significant decreases in whole-body concentrations of Ca, Al, and Mn. Additionally, mayflies had significant losses of Mg, Fe, and Pb, while blackflies decreased in whole-body Na and Zn concentration. Percentages of the whole-body Al concentration in the adsorbed, absorbed, and gut content fractions were 3.3, 31.7, and 65%, respectively, for L. cupida and 1.6, 56.4, and 42%, respectively, for P. fuscum/mixtum. The percent adsorbed doubled in transplanted (versus control) mayflies, but the overall whole-body Al concentration decreased.

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Influence of Calcium Phosphate and Apatite Containing Products on Enamel Erosion

The Scientific World JOURNAL ◽

10.1155/2016/7959273 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 2016 ◽

pp. 1-12 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

A. Kensche ◽

S. Pötschke ◽

C. Hannig ◽

G. Richter ◽

W. Hoth-Hannig ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oral Cavity ◽

Oral Exposure ◽

Ion Release ◽

Pellicle Formation ◽

Protective Properties ◽

Ph Values ◽

Mineral Components ◽

Tooth Mousse ◽

Bovine Enamel

For the purpose of erosion prevention the present study aimed to compare the efficacy of two biomimetic products and a fluoride solution to optimize the protective properties of the pellicle. After 1 min ofin situpellicle formation on bovine enamel slabs, 8 subjects adopted CPP-ACP (GC Tooth Mousse), a mouthwash with hydroxyapatite microclusters (Biorepair), or a fluoride based mouthwash (elmex Kariesschutz) for 1 min each. Afterwards, samples were exposed in the oral cavity for 28 min. Native enamel slabs and slabs exposed to the oral cavity for 30 min without any rinse served as controls. After oral exposure, slabs were incubated in HCl (pH values 2, 2.3, and 3) for 120 s and kinetics of calcium and phosphate release were measured photometrically; representative samples were evaluated by SEM and TEM. The physiological pellicle reduced demineralization at all pH values; the protective effect was enhanced by fluoride. The biomimetic materials also reduced ion release but their effect was less pronounced. SEM indicated no layer formation after use of the different products. However, TEM confirmed the potential accumulation of mineral components at the pellicle surface. The tested products improve the protective properties of thein situpellicle but not as effectively as fluorides.

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On the Role of Equilibrium Reactions in Bore-Hole Waters in the Skellefte-Field, Northern Sweden

Hydrology Research ◽

10.2166/nh.1983.0015 ◽

1983 ◽

Vol 14 (3) ◽

pp. 179-192

Author(s):

Jan Lidén ◽

Staffan Sjöberg

Keyword(s):

Rock Type ◽

Invariant Solution ◽

Solution Composition ◽

Ph Values ◽

Equilibrium Reactions ◽

Computerized Simulation ◽

Main Components ◽

Time Invariant

In a series of bore holes in an acid-intermediate volcanite rock type measurements of pH and pe (in situ), main ionic constituents, silicic acid and aluminium were made. The bore holes covered the pH interval 6.5-8.6, each with a time invariant solution composition. Field data were used as an experimental test of computerized simulation of weathering reactions by means of equilibrium models. The results suggest that a criterion for an undisturbed groundwater system is a high pH and a low pe where the dissolved main components reach a saturation concentration close to that experimentally found. For lower pH values, however, only the subsystem H+ - Si(OH)4 - Al3+ corresponded to an equilibrium behaviour.

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Heavy Metals in the Water Column of Iloilo- Guimaras Jetty Port (Parola Wharf )

IAMURE International Journal of Ecology and Conservation ◽

10.7718/ijec.v6i1.553 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

Author(s):

BRIAN GIL S. SARINAS ◽

LORNA D. GELLADA ◽

MELCHOR M. MAGRAMO ◽

MARLON R. TERUÑEZ

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metals ◽

Heavy Metal ◽

Water Column ◽

Physicochemical Parameters ◽

Bottom Layer ◽

Sampling Area ◽

The Public ◽

Ph Values ◽

Seawater Samples

Jetty Port (Parola Wharf) in Iloilo City is a depot of passengers going toGuimaras, Philippines. Considering the dearth of studies on the presence of heavymetals in this area, this study was conducted. It aimed to determine the presenceand quantities of available heavy metals specifically lead, cadmium and chromiumin the water column (surface, middle and bottom) of Iloilo-Guimaras Jetty Port. Inaddition, water physicochemical parameters were also measured such as pH, salinityand temperature, in situ. Three sampling areas were identified in the Jetty Port.One liter was collected in the surface, middle and bottom layer of each sampling area for a total of nine seawater samples. The seawater samples were immediatelytransported to the CAS-Analytical Service Laboratory of UPV, Miag-ao, Iloilofor the quantification of available heavy metals through flame atomic absorptionspectrophotometric (FAAS) method. Ph values range from 6.0-7.333, 12.0-13.167ppm for salinity and 27.333-27.567 0C for three sampling areas. Average cadmium,chromium and lead were higher at station 3 with 0.69 mg/L, 0.81 mg/L and 0.339mg/L, respectively. The results showed that mean of Cr > Pb > Cd < Cr in the watercolumn of the three sampling areas, however is not significant, p>.05. Availablecadmium, chromium and lead exceeded the permissive value. This study will giveinformation to the public about the present heavy metal status of the Jetty Port.

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Planarization Ability of Chemical Mechanical Planarization (Cmp) Processes

MRS Proceedings ◽

10.1557/proc-337-151 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 337 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Matt Stell ◽

Rahul Jairath ◽

Mukesh Desai ◽

Robert Tolles

Keyword(s):

Film Thickness ◽

Chemical Mechanical Planarization ◽

Silica Particles ◽

The Other ◽

Ph Values ◽

Enhanced Solubility ◽

Experimental Approaches ◽

Thickness Measurements

ABSTRACTMethods for determining planarization ability of CMP were explored. Options included film thickness measurements of the dielectric over metal and field, TIR measurements using profilometry, and a combination of the two. The attempt to observe the in situ change in the topography was addressed in two distinct experimental approaches. The first approach involved processing wafers for predetermined intervals. The other approach processed different wafers for different amounts of time. The effects of down force and platen rpm on planarization ability were studied using the first approach. Results indicate that planarization is more efficient at higher down forces and higher platen rpm. Slurry property effects were examined using the second method. The planarization ability appears to suffer at elevated pH values. This is attributed to both the enhanced solubility of the silica particles and the dielectric itself.

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