Λόγοϛ e Φιλία em Heraclito. Sentido e Função do Conceito de Φιλία na Filosofia de Heraclito

1999 ◽  
Vol 7 (13) ◽  
pp. 13-42
Author(s):  
António Pedro Mesquita ◽  
Keyword(s):  
History Of Philosophy ◽  
Clear Distinction ◽  
History Of ◽  
First Time ◽  
Direct Attachment

In this article, we aim to offer a new overall interpretation of Heraclitus’ philosophy, through an analysis of his own implicit conception of ‘philosophy’, as it is insinuated in the few but important (and frequently underestimated) fragments where the word philia occurs (B87, B123). In these fragments (as in B54), a clear distinction between reality and appearance is drawn for the first time in the history of philosophy; and, accordingly, philosophy itself is hinted at as a direct ‘attachment’ to reality, beyond the appearances that conceal it. Using this result as a hermeneutic principle, a thorough survey of the most significant fragments is then proposed. The outcome of such a survey is, hopefully, the presentation of Heraclitus’ main doctrines as a coherent whole.

Deleuze’s Critique of Representation

2018 ◽  
pp. 59-87
Author(s):  
Alex Tissandier
Keyword(s):  
History Of Philosophy ◽  
Alternative Concept ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
Philosophical Project ◽  
First Time

This chapter introduces the motivations and method behind Deleuze’s philosophical project. It begins with a detailed reading of Deleuze’s review of Hyppolite’s Logic and Existence, in which Deleuze first articulates his claim that the goal of philosophy is to create a logic of sense, rather than a metaphysics of essence. This review introduces Deleuze’s central criticism that the history of philosophy has for too long given a foundational role to certain features of our naïve representation of the world, instead of explaining the genesis of these features. Among these is an understanding of difference as opposition that finds its ultimate expression in Hegelian contradiction. Deleuze briefly invokes Leibniz as a figure who is perhaps capable of providing an alternative concept of difference. The chapter then turns to the opening chapters of Difference and Repetition, where Deleuze again outlines a critique of the history of philosophy’s treatment of difference and its subordination to the structure of representation. This time Deleuze traces a history through Plato, Aristotle, Leibniz and Hegel. In Leibniz he identifies for the first time a world of “restless” infinitely small differences which will become central to all his later readings.

scholarly journals Franz Brentano’s Influence on Ukrainian Philosophy: A Methodological Introduction to Research

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 125-146
Author(s):  
Stepan Ivanyk
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
History Of Philosophy ◽  
Constructive Method ◽  
Scientific Philosophy ◽  
History Of ◽  
Franz Brentano ◽  
The University ◽  
First Time ◽  
Ukrainian Society

This article ponders, for the first time, the question of whether Austrian philosopher Franz Brentano (1838-1917) influenced the development of the school of Ukrainian philosophy. It employs Anna Brożek’s methodology to identify philosophers’ influence on one another (distinctions between direct and indirect influence, active and passive contact, etc.); concepts of institutional and ideological conditions of this influence are also considered. The article establishes, first, that many Ukrainian academics had institutional bonds with Brentano’s students, especially Kazimierz Twardowski at the University of Lviv. Second, it identifies an ideological bond between Brentano and his hypothetical Ukrainian “academic grandsons.” Particularly, a comparative analysis of works on the history of philosophy of Brentano and the Ukrainian Ilarion Svientsits'kyi (1876-1956) reveals that the latter took over Brentano’sa posteriori constructive method. These results allow to draw a conclusion about the existence of Ukrainian Brentanism, that not only brings new arguments into the discussion about the tradition of and prospects for the development of analytic (scientific) philosophy on Ukrainian ground, but also opens new aspects of the modernization of Ukrainian society in general (from the end of the nineteenth century to the present day).

Lekta in the Stoic Ontological Framework

2019 ◽  
pp. 81-126
Author(s):  
Ada Bronowski
Keyword(s):  
Logical Structure ◽  
History Of Philosophy ◽  
Propositional Content ◽  
Previous Experience ◽  
Propositional Structure ◽  
History Of ◽  
Ontological Framework ◽  
First Time

This chapter examines the schematic map drawn up for the logical structure of the Stoic systēma. In it, rhetoric is distinguished from dialectic and, for the first time in the history of philosophy, signifiers are distinguished from things signified. As for lekta, they are distinguished from impressions, though both belong under the heading of things signified. The position of lekta is analysed both in the light of their being a kind of thing signified and as distinct from impressions. The latter are corporeal states of the soul, whereas lekta are incorporeal and stand in a relation to impressions which both guarantees the independence of lekta from them, and determines the nature of the impressions as rational. The literature on what makes impressions rational is discussed, including the case of the reasoning dog. The verdict is that there is no such animal on the specific Stoic understanding of reasoning. The distinction between a propositional content and a proposition is broached in the analysis of impressions, laying down the foundations for an analysis of rationality as the capacity to grasp a propositional structure, in which something is attributed to something on the basis of conceptions acquired through previous experience. This propositional structure is not invented by us but is what constitutes reality.

Google Me

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Cassin
Keyword(s):  
History Of Philosophy ◽  
Internet Technology ◽  
Greek Culture ◽  
Profound Knowledge ◽  
Cultural Democracy ◽  
History Of ◽  
First Time ◽  
Ethical Basis

In this witty and openly polemical critique of Google, Barbara Cassin looks at Google’s claims to organize knowledge, and its alleged ethical basis, through a reading of its two founding principles: “Our mission is to organize the world’s information” and “Don’t be evil”. Cassin is a formidable Hellenist by training, and in Google-Me she uses her profound knowledge of Greek culture, philology and philosophy (and of the history of philosophy more broadly) to challenge the basis on which Google makes its claims and the manner in which it carries out its operations. The perspective it presents on Google is anything but drily philological, densely philosophical, or academic in its tone, but it offers us an entertaining account of its origins and history up until 2007. We would all be well-advised to take this critique seriously, since it goes to the heart of what we often think of rather uncritically as the benefits to humanity of increasingly advanced internet technology. As Cassin puts it toward the end, “Google is a champion of cultural democracy, but without culture and without democracy.” Published originally in French in 2007, Cassin’s book is translated into English for the first time by Michael Syrotinski, and includes a co-authored and updated afterword by Cassin and Syrotinski.

Shakespeare's Existentials

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pavel Gorohov
Keyword(s):  
Human Life ◽  
History Of Philosophy ◽  
Close Connection ◽  
Philosophical Literature ◽  
Space And Time ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
First Time

For the first time in the Russian historical and philosophical literature, the monograph attempts to comprehensively consider the philosophical views of the great playwright and thinker. Shakespeare is presented as a philosopher who considered in his masterpieces the relation of man to the world through a series of"borderline situations". Shakespeare not only anticipated the existentialist philosophers, but also appeared in his work as the greatest philosopher-anthropologist. He reflects on the essence of nature, space and time only in close connection with thoughts about human life. For a wide range of readers interested in the history of philosophy and Shakespeare studies.

scholarly journals Manuale di base di storia della filosofia

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesco Coniglione ◽  
Michele Lenoci ◽  
Giovanni Mari ◽  
Gaspare Polizzi
Keyword(s):  
Modern Philosophy ◽  
Direct Contact ◽  
History Of Philosophy ◽  
Contemporary Philosophy ◽  
Philosophical Reflection ◽  
History Of ◽  
First Time

Exploiting an innovative structure and a streamlined and easy-to-understand style, the Manuale di base is proposed as a basic text for those approaching the history of philosophy for the first time. The first section presents the major writers of classic, Christian and modern philosophy whom all students need to be familiar with. The description of the context and the analysis of the principal works are conceived in such a way as to identify the main issues of philosophical reflection and bring the reader into direct contact with the texts. The second section is instead devoted to the most significant trends and issues of contemporary philosophy, both organised by lemmas, ranging from epistemology to utilitarianism, from bioethics to globalisation and neurobiology. This is an updated introduction to philosophy which avails of the contributions of some of the most eminent exponents on the Italian philosophical scene.

The Invention of the System

2019 ◽  
pp. 17-80
Author(s):  
Ada Bronowski
Keyword(s):  
First Generation ◽  
History Of Philosophy ◽  
Macro Level ◽  
Sextus Empiricus ◽  
System P ◽  
History Of ◽  
Pierre Hadot ◽  
Successive Generations ◽  
First Time

This chapter offers a deep critique of a commonly held view that the Stoic system of philosophy consists in the tripartition of philosophy into logic, physics, and ethics. The teaching of philosophy is distinguished from the transmission of doctrine, showing that whilst tripartition might be useful for the former, the latter is concerned with the transmission of an interrelated whole which the Stoics call, for the first time in the history of philosophy, a ‘systēma’, whose internal regimentation is not dependent on tripartition. Views of successive generations of Stoics are analysed, including a vindication of the orthodoxy of Zeno of Tarsus and Posidonius, which leads to a broader reappraisal of the ancient historiography on these matters, sifting through the agendas of the first generation of Platonists and the later classifications of Sextus Empiricus; a critique of modern historiography is also broached, targeting in particular the work of Pierre Hadot. The Stoic notion of a systēma is examined in detail from different perspectives as the basis for the Stoic definitions of knowledge, science, and the constitution of an argument, as also, at the macro-level, for the structure of the cosmos, describing thus the foundations of the unity of the cosmic city, supported by cosmic sympathy, so as ultimately to identify lekta as the keystones of this structure.

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