Determination of Fat Accumulation Reduction by Edible Fatty Acids and Natural Waxes In Vitro

1. A procedure is described for using pivalic acid as an inert reference substance in determination of changes in concentrations of volatile fatty acids (VFA).2. Pivalic acid in concentrations of up to 80 mmol/l had no effect on production of methane or VFA by rumen contents.3. Pivalic acid was inert during incubation with rumen contents from sheep given different diets and with samples taken at different times with respect to feeding.

Download Full-text

Determination of In-Vitro Anticancer Activity and Short Chain Fatty Acids in Traditionally Fermented Millet Gruels

International Journal of Fermented Foods ◽

10.30954/2321-712x.02.2020.1 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

Author(s):

P. Praveen Kumar

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Anticancer Activity ◽

Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽

Short Chain ◽

Chain Fatty Acids

Download Full-text

Catecholamine interference with enzymatic determination of nonesterified fatty acids in two commercially available test kits

Clinical Chemistry ◽

10.1093/clinchem/41.3.455 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 41 (3) ◽

pp. 455-457 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

R E Carr ◽

S M Humphreys ◽

K N Frayn

Keyword(s):

Hydrogen Peroxide ◽

Fatty Acids ◽

Adipose Tissue ◽

Nonesterified Fatty Acids ◽

Present Evidence ◽

Adipose Tissue In Vitro ◽

Enzymatic Determination ◽

Test Kit

Abstract We present evidence that catecholamines, which are commonly used to stimulate lipolysis in adipose tissue in vitro, interfere with the enzymatic determination of non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA) in two commercially available kits. Measurement of a 100 mumol/L standard with the Wako "NEFA C" test kit was 60% inhibited by 100 mumol/L norepinephrine and was completely inhibited by 100 mumol/L isoproterenol or by 1 mmol/L norepinephrine or epinephrine. Measurement with the Boehringer Mannheim "Free Fatty acids, Half-micro test" was completely inhibited by 100 mumol/L norepinephrine and was also affected by concentrations as low as 0.1 mumol/L. We propose that this effect is due to the catecholamines interfering with a step common to the two kits, the generation of hydrogen peroxide and oxidation of a chromagen; furthermore, this interference appears to be stoichiometric. We also give details of an alternative in-house method, which does not depend on the generation of hydrogen peroxide and is not affected by catecholamines.

Download Full-text

miR-370-3p Regulates Adipogenesis through Targeting Mknk1

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules26226926 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 26 (22) ◽

pp. 6926

Author(s):

Peiwen Zhang ◽

Xinrong Li ◽

Shunhua Zhang ◽

Shuang Wu ◽

Qian Xiao ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Control Diet ◽

Saturated Fatty Acids ◽

The Body ◽

Regulate Gene Expression ◽

Fat Accumulation ◽

In Vivo Experiments ◽

Proliferation And Differentiation

Excessive fat accumulation can lead to obesity, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, atherosclerosis, and other diseases. MicroRNAs are a class of microRNAs that regulate gene expression and are highly conserved in function among species. microRNAs have been shown to act as regulatory factors to inhibit fat accumulation in the body. We found that miR-370-3p was expressed at lower levels in the fat mass of mice on a high-fat diet than in mice on a normal control diet. Furthermore, our data showed that the overexpression of miR-370-3p significantly suppressed the mRNA expression levels of adipogenic markers. Thus, miR-370-3p overexpression reduced lipid accumulation. Conversely, the inhibition of miR-370-3p suppressed 3T3-L1 preadipocyte proliferation and promoted preadipocyte differentiation. In addition, Mknk1, a target gene of miR-370-3p, plays an opposing role in preadipocyte proliferation and differentiation. Moreover, consistent results from in vitro as well as in vivo experiments suggest that the inhibition of fat accumulation by miR-370-3p may result from the inhibition of saturated fatty acids that promote the accumulation of polyunsaturated fatty acids. In conclusion, these results suggest that miR-370-3p plays an important role in adipogenesis and fatty acid metabolism through the regulation of Mknk1.

Download Full-text

Effects of individual fatty acids on glucose uptake and glycogen synthesis in soleus muscle in vitro

AJP Endocrinology and Metabolism ◽

10.1152/ajpendo.2000.279.3.e577 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 279 (3) ◽

pp. E577-E584 ◽

Cited By ~ 61

Author(s):

Alison L. Thompson ◽

Megan Y.-C. Lim-Fraser ◽

Edward W. Kraegen ◽

Gregory J. Cooney

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Glucose Transport ◽

Soleus Muscle ◽

Glycogen Synthesis ◽

Free Medium ◽

Impaired Insulin ◽

Chain Acyl ◽

Control Response

Soleus muscle strips from Wistar rats were preincubated with palmitate in vitro before the determination of insulin-mediated glucose metabolism in fatty acid-free medium. Palmitate decreased insulin-stimulated glycogen synthesis to 51% of control in a time- (0–6 h) and concentration-dependent (0–2 mM) manner. Basal and insulin-stimulated glucose transport/phosphorylation also decreased with time, but the decrease occurred after the effect on glycogen synthesis. Preincubation with 1 mM palmitate, oleate, linoleate, or linolenate for 4 h impaired glycogen synthesis stimulated with a submaximal physiological insulin concentration (300 μU/ml) to 50–60% of the control response, and this reduction was associated with impaired insulin-stimulated phosphorylation of protein kinase B (PKB). Preincubation with different fatty acids (all 1 mM for 4 h) had varying effects on insulin-stimulated glucose transport/phosphorylation, which was decreased by oleate and linoleate, whereas palmitate and linolenate had little effect. Across groups, the rates of glucose transport/phosphorylation correlated with the intramuscular long-chain acyl-CoA content. The similar effects of individual fatty acids on glycogen synthesis but different effects on insulin-stimulated glucose transport/phosphorylation provide evidence that lipids may interact with these two pathways via different mechanisms.

Download Full-text