Best Practices in Diagnostic Immunohistochemistry: Pleomorphic Cutaneous Spindle Cell Tumors

2007 ◽  
Vol 131 (10) ◽  
pp. 1517-1524 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew L. Folpe ◽  
Kumarasen Cooper
Keyword(s):  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Best Practices ◽  
English Language ◽  
Spindle Cell ◽  
Smooth Muscle Actin ◽  
S100 Protein ◽  
Muscle Actin ◽  
Spindle Cell Tumors ◽  
Immunohistochemical Studies ◽  
Language Literature

Abstract Context.—Pleomorphic cutaneous spindle cell tumors can be difficult to distinguish solely on histologic grounds. The use of ancillary immunohistochemical studies can greatly assist in this differential diagnosis. Objective.—To review histologic and immunohistochemical aspects of cutaneous spindle cell tumors and discuss a basic panel of markers to assist in the differential diagnosis. Data Sources.—English-language literature published between 1981 and 2005. Conclusions.—A basic immunohistochemistry panel for high-molecular-weight cytokeratin, melanocytic markers (S100 protein, HMB-45, Melan-A), smooth muscle actin, desmin, and endothelial markers (CD31, CD34) is effective in diagnosing most cutaneous spindle cell tumors.

Spindle Cell Epithelioma of the Vagina Shows Immunohistochemical Staining Supporting Its Origin From a Primitive/Progenitor Cell Population

2001 ◽  
Vol 125 (4) ◽  
pp. 547-550
Author(s):  
Henry Skelton ◽  
Kathleen J. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Progenitor Cell ◽  
Spindle Cell ◽  
Smooth Muscle Actin ◽  
S100 Protein ◽  
Progesterone Receptors ◽  
Myoepithelial Cells ◽  
Muscle Actin ◽  
Estrogen And Progesterone Receptors ◽  
Progenitor Cell Population ◽  
Mixed Tumors

Abstract Spindle cell epitheliomas of the vagina (SCEVs) coexpresses epithelial and mesenchymal markers and were first described as a “mixed tumors of the vagina.” However, unlike mixed tumors of other organs, which are believed to originate from myoepithelial cells, SCEVs neither immunohistochemically nor ultrastructurally show features of myoepithelial cells. The present expanded battery of immunohistochemical stains is presented on this rare tumor, including cytokeratin AE1/AE3, CK7, CK20, S100 protein, epithelial membrane antigen, α-smooth muscle actin, desmin, CD34, CD99, Bcl-2, vimentin, estrogen and progesterone receptors, and Ki-67. There was minimal expression of α-smooth muscle actin and negative staining with S100 protein, with coexpression of cytokeratins and vimentin and expression of estrogen and progesterone receptors, as previously reported in SCEVs. In addition, diffuse expression of CD34, CD99, and Bcl-2 immunohistochemical stains was found, which has not previously been reported. The coexpression of CD34, CD99, and Bcl-2 in SCEVs is consistent with its origin from a primitive/progenitor cell population.

Benign Fibroblastic Polyps of the Colon

2009 ◽  
Vol 133 (11) ◽  
pp. 1872-1876 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aaron R. Huber ◽  
James F. Shikle
Keyword(s):  
Cell Proliferation ◽  
Spindle Cell ◽  
Smooth Muscle Actin ◽  
S100 Protein ◽  
Distal Colon ◽  
Screening Colonoscopy ◽  
Adult Women ◽  
Muscle Actin ◽  
Spindle Cell Proliferation ◽  
Sixth Decade

Abstract Benign fibroblastic polyps of the colon are a recently described entity among mucosal polyps found in the colorectum. These polyps are typically discovered on routine screening colonoscopy within the distal colon. Benign fibroblastic polyps occur most commonly in adult women in the sixth decade of life. Histologically, benign fibroblastic polyps are bland spindle cell lesions that fill the lamina propria and displace the surrounding crypts. The spindle cell proliferation lacks atypia and significant mitotic activity. Hyperplastic changes are frequently present both in the adjacent epithelium and within the lesions. Immunohistochemically, the cells of benign fibroblastic polyps are invariably positive for vimentin with rare focal positivity for CD34 and smooth muscle actin. They are negative for CD117 and S100 protein. Ultrastructurally, benign fibroblastic polyps have features of fibroblastic differentiation. These polyps are benign with no reports, to our knowledge, of recurrence or metastasis.

scholarly journals Canine Gastrointestinal Spindle Cell Tumors Efficiently Diagnosed by Tissue Microarray-Based Immunohistochemistry

2018 ◽  
Vol 55 (5) ◽  
pp. 678-681 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valeria Pellegrino ◽  
Luisa V. Muscatello ◽  
Giuseppe Sarli ◽  
Giancarlo Avallone
Keyword(s):  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Tissue Microarray ◽  
Spindle Cell ◽  
Smooth Muscle Actin ◽  
Smooth Muscle Tumor ◽  
Muscle Actin ◽  
Research Setting ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Specificity And Sensitivity ◽  
Spindle Cell Tumors

Tissue microarray (TMA) is a time- and cost-saving technique allowing the simultaneous immunohistochemical evaluation of multiple tissue samples. The aim of this study was to assess the efficacy of TMA at classifying canine gastrointestinal spindle cell tumors as gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST), smooth muscle tumor (SMT), and non-GIST/non-SMT based on the expression of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), desmin, and CD117. Thirty-four cases were investigated on TMAs, sampling 2 cores each. Immunohistochemistry was performed on TMAs and full sections, and the results were compared. Comparing full sections, TMA specificity and sensitivity were 100% and 93.8%, respectively, for α-SMA; 100% and 80.8% for desmin; and 100% and 100% for CD117. TMA allowed the identification of 6 of 6 GISTs, 25 of 26 SMTs, and 2 of 2 non-GIST/non-SMTs. One SMT was misdiagnosed as non-GIST/non-SMT. Based on these results, TMA-based immunohistochemistry is efficient at diagnosing canine gastrointestinal spindle cell tumors and might be applied on large caseloads in a research setting.

Immunohistochemical Characterization of Hemangiopericytomas and Other Spindle Cell Tumors in the Dog

1996 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 391-397 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Pérez ◽  
M. J. Bautista ◽  
E. Rollón ◽  
F. Chacón-M. de Lara ◽  
L. Carrasco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein ◽  
Factor Viii ◽  
Spindle Cell ◽  
Acidic Protein ◽  
Muscle Actin ◽  
Factor Viii Related Antigen ◽  
S 100 ◽  
Spindle Cell Tumors ◽  
And Control

The immunohistochemical expression of muscle actin has been studied in 45 canine hemangiopericytomas (CHP) using a monoclonal antibody (HHF35) and formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded specimens. The distribution of vimentin, desmin, cytokeratins, lysozyme, factor VIII-related antigen, S-100 protein, and glial fibrillary acidic protein was studied both in CHP and in some canine soft-tissue neoplasms (seven fibrosarcomas, seven benign schwannomas, seven benign fibrous histiocytomas, and six leiomyosarcomas) used as controls for differential diagnosis. All CHP and control tumors expressed vimentin. Twenty-three CHP expressed muscle actin, whereas all control tumors analyzed were muscle actin-negative, with the exception of leiomyosarcomas. Among muscle actin- and vimentin-positive CHP, one case could be reclassified as leiomyosarcoma because it was desmin-positive, two cases expressed lysozyme, and nine cases expressed S-100 protein. Among muscle actin-negative and vimentin-positive CHP, seven expressed S-100 protein. In addition, S-100 protein was detected in five schwannomas. All CHP and control tumors analyzed were negative for cytokeratins, factor VIII-related antigen, and glial fibrillary acidic protein. Our results support the hypothesis of a pericytic origin of CHP, and suggest that muscle actin, desmin, vimentin, and lysozyme could be useful for the differential diagnosis of canine spindle cell tumors, but not all these neoplasms can be identified with these tumor tissue markers.

scholarly journals Primary adrenal leiomyosarcoma: clinical case and literature review

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-42
Author(s):  
S. V. Lukyanov ◽  
K. M. Blikyan ◽  
S. S. Todorov ◽  
V. Y. Deribas ◽  
N. S. Lukyanov
Keyword(s):  
English Language ◽  
Clinical Case ◽  
Inferior Vena ◽  
Smooth Muscle Actin ◽  
Vena Cava ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Muscle Actin ◽  
Large Size ◽  
The Right ◽  
Language Literature

Adrenal leiomyosarcoma — rare mesenchymal tumor, which is diagnosed most often after it reaches a large size. Primary adrenal leiomyosarcoma is extremely rare: in the English-language literature, only 45 cases were previously reported. We report the case of a 46-year-old man with the formation of the right adrenal gland measuring 12x8x7,5 cm. The patient underwent right-sided adrenalectomy, nephrectomy, and plastic of the inferior vena cava. The phenotype was confirmed by light microscopy and immunohistochemistry. Microscopic examination of the tumor is represented by fusiform and polymorphic cells that form multidirectional bundle structures with a high rate of mitosis. Immunohistochemically, tumor cells were positive for smooth muscle actin, CD-34, CD-117.

Best Practices in Diagnostic Immunohistochemistry: Spindle Cell Neoplasms of the Gastrointestinal Tract

2009 ◽  
Vol 133 (9) ◽  
pp. 1370-1374
Author(s):  
Matthew S. Turner ◽  
Jeffrey D. Goldsmith
Keyword(s):  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Best Practices ◽  
Spindle Cell ◽  
Smooth Muscle Actin ◽  
English Literature ◽  
S100 Protein ◽  
Spindle Cell Neoplasm ◽  
Smooth Muscle Tumors

Abstract Context.—The proper classification of spindle cell neoplasms of the gastrointestinal tract frequently requires the use of immunohistochemistry, as the histologic appearance of these lesions often overlaps. Objective.—To review the antibodies used in the diagnosis of spindle cell neoplasms of the gastrointestinal tract, and to outline an approach to the evaluation of these lesions by using immunohistochemistry. Data Sources.—The authors' experience and a review of the English literature from 1976 to 2008. Conclusions.—The most common spindle cell neoplasm of the gastrointestinal tract is gastrointestinal stromal tumor; this lesion is readily diagnosed with c-kit immunohistochemistry in most cases. Other stains, such as smooth muscle actin, desmin, S100 protein, and β-catenin, are also useful in the diagnosis of smooth muscle tumors, schwannomas, desmoid-type fibromatoses, and metastatic melanoma.

Hepatic Myoepithelial Carcinoma in a Dog: Immunohistochemical Comparison With Other Canine Hepatic Carcinomas

2019 ◽  
Vol 56 (6) ◽  
pp. 889-894
Author(s):  
Yuka Tsuji ◽  
Mizuki Kuramochi ◽  
Takeshi Izawa ◽  
Hideo Akiyoshi ◽  
Jyoji Yamate ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Smooth Muscle Actin ◽  
Myoepithelial Cells ◽  
Left Lobe ◽  
Myoepithelial Carcinoma ◽  
Hepatic Tumors ◽  
Muscle Actin ◽  
Hepatic Carcinoma ◽  
Neoplastic Cells ◽  
Immunohistochemical Studies ◽  
Vacuolated Cytoplasm

An 11-year-old female miniature Dachshund dog presented with a solid, soft, gray mass on the hepatic lateral left lobe. Histologically, the mass consisted of neoplastic proliferation of cells with round nuclei and eosinophilic and vacuolated cytoplasm arranged in alveolar, trabecular, and solid patterns. Immunohistochemically, the neoplastic cells were positive for pancytokeratin (CK AE1/AE3), CK5, CK14, vimentin, Sox9, and myoepithelial markers (α–smooth muscle actin, p63, and calponin). The morphological and immunohistochemical findings indicated a diagnosis of myoepithelial carcinoma. We conducted immunohistochemical studies on other representative canine hepatic tumors. Although the myoepithelial phenotype was not observed in the hepatocellular carcinoma, some tumor cells in cholangiocarcinoma showed immunohistochemical features of myoepithelium, suggesting that some neoplastic cells in cholangiocarcinoma may have the potential to differentiate into myoepithelial cells. To our knowledge, this is the first report in veterinary medicine of a hepatic carcinoma with a myoepithelial phenotype.

Perineurioma: A Distinctive and Underrecognized Peripheral Nerve Sheath Neoplasm

2007 ◽  
Vol 131 (4) ◽  
pp. 625-636
Author(s):  
Ricardo S. Macarenco ◽  
Fred Ellinger ◽  
Andre M. Oliveira
Keyword(s):  
Peripheral Nerve ◽  
English Language ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
S100 Protein ◽  
Correct Identification ◽  
Histologic Diagnosis ◽  
Genetic Studies ◽  
Nerve Sheath ◽  
Immunohistochemical Studies ◽  
Perineurial Cells

Abstract Context.—Perineuriomas are benign peripheral nerve sheath neoplasms composed of perineurial cells with characteristic immunohistochemical and ultrastructural features. They have been traditionally classified into two main types according to their location—intraneural and extraneural—and overlap histologically with many other tumors, which may be diagnostically challenging to general surgical pathologists. Objective.—To review the clinical, morphologic, immunohistochemical, ultrastructural, cytogenetic, and molecular genetic aspects of perineurioma, as well as to discuss its clinicopathologic variants and differential diagnosis. Data Sources.—English-language literature published between 1966 and 2005 was reviewed. Conclusions.—The correct identification of perineuriomas is important to avoid unnecessary overtreatment. The histologic diagnosis should be confirmed through immunohistochemical studies (including epithelial membrane antigen, S100 protein, and more recently described antibodies such as claudin-1 and GLUT1) or electron microscopy. Cytogenetic and molecular genetic studies are still of limited value for the diagnosis of perineuriomas but may play a fundamental role in excluding important differential diagnoses and also in helping elucidate the biology of these poorly known neoplasms.

Epithelioid Leiomyosarcoma of the External Deep Soft Tissue

2002 ◽  
Vol 126 (4) ◽  
pp. 468-470 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tetsuji Yamamoto ◽  
Rieko Minami ◽  
Chiho Ohbayashi ◽  
Mayumi Inaba
Keyword(s):  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Tumor Cells ◽  
Epithelial Membrane Antigen ◽  
Spindle Cell ◽  
Smooth Muscle Actin ◽  
S100 Protein ◽  
Immunohistochemical Analysis ◽  
Deep Soft Tissue ◽  
Cell Component ◽  
Spindle Cell Component

Abstract Epithelioid leiomyosarcoma in the external deep soft tissue is extremely rare. Most epithelioid leiomyosarcomas occur in the uterus. We present a case of epithelioid leiomyosarcoma occurring in the muscle of the thigh of a 78-year-old man. Histologically, the tumor predominantly consisted of round or polygonal cells arranged in sheets with a focal spindle cell component. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed that the tumor cells expressed vimentin, α-smooth muscle actin, and α-sarcomeric actin. The tumor was negative for desmin, S100 protein, glial fibrillary acidic protein, pan-keratin, epithelial membrane antigen, CAM 5.2, HMB-45, leukocyte common antigen, factor VIII–associated antigen, and CD34. Electron microscopically, some tumor cells contained abundant actin-type filaments in their cytoplasm.

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