Increased Body Mass Index but Not Common Vitamin D Receptor, Peroxisome Proliferator–Activated Receptor γ, or Cytokine Polymorphisms Confers Predisposition to Posttransplant Diabetes

2011 ◽  
Vol 135 (12) ◽  
pp. 1581-1584 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ping Wang ◽  
Elissa Hudspeth
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Vitamin D Receptor ◽  
Solid Organ Transplantation ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator ◽  
Solid Organ ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptor

Context.—Posttransplant diabetes mellitus (PTDM) is a major complication after solid organ transplantation. The use of corticosteroids and calcineurin inhibitors, especially tacrolimus, are significant risk factors. However, it is not clear what genetic factors modify the risk. Evidence suggests vitamin D deficiency, perturbed glucose homeostasis, and increased inflammation all play roles in the development of diabetes. Objective.—To investigate whether common vitamin D receptor (VDR), cytokine, and peroxisome proliferator–activated receptor γ (PPARγ) polymorphisms are correlated with the development of PTDM. Design.—DNA was isolated from the peripheral blood of 51 kidney transplant recipients with PTDM and 72 patients without diabetes pretransplant or posttransplant at the time of follow-up. The genotypes for 5 polymorphisms, 1 each in VDR, PPARγ, INFγ, TGFβ1, and TNF, were determined using direct sequencing. Age, sex, number of acute rejection episodes, follow-up length, ethnicity, body mass index, and the frequency of alleles and genotypes for each polymorphism were compared between the 2 groups. Results.—Body mass index was the only factor that was statistically different between the 2 groups (P  =  .001). The frequency of different alleles and genotypes for each of the 5 polymorphisms did not differ between the 2 groups. Conclusions.—These results indicate that increased body mass index is a significant risk factor for the development of PTDM. However, none of the genetic polymorphisms studied confer predisposition to PTDM with the current sample size.

Inhibition of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α signaling by vitamin D receptor

2003 ◽  
Vol 312 (2) ◽  
pp. 513-519 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takahiro Sakuma ◽  
Takahide Miyamoto ◽  
Wei Jiang ◽  
Tomoko Kakizawa ◽  
Shin-ich Nishio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Vitamin D Receptor ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptor

scholarly journals Obesity, Aspirin, and Risk of Colorectal Cancer in Carriers of Hereditary Colorectal Cancer: A Prospective Investigation in the CAPP2 Study

2015 ◽  
Vol 33 (31) ◽  
pp. 3591-3597 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Movahedi ◽  
D. Timothy Bishop ◽  
Finlay Macrae ◽  
Jukka-Pekka Mecklin ◽  
Gabriela Moeslein ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Reference Group ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Significant Risk Factor ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Obese People ◽  
Msh6 Mutation

Purpose In the general population, increased adiposity is a significant risk factor for colorectal cancer (CRC), but whether obesity has similar effects in those with hereditary CRC is uncertain. This prospective study investigated the association between body mass index and cancer risk in patients with Lynch syndrome (LS). Patients and Methods Participants with LS were recruited to the CAPP2 study, in which they were randomly assigned to receive aspirin 600 mg per day or aspirin placebo, plus resistant starch 30 g per day or starch placebo (2 × 2 factorial design). Mean intervention period was 25.0 months, and mean follow-up was 55.7 months. Results During follow-up, 55 of 937 participants developed CRC. For obese participants, CRC risk was 2.41× (95% CI, 1.22 to 4.85) greater than for underweight and normal-weight participants (reference group), and CRC risk increased by 7% for each 1-kg/m2 increase in body mass index. The risk of all LS-related cancers in obese people was 1.77× (95% CI, 1.06 to 2.96; P = .03) greater than for the reference group. In subgroup analysis, obesity was associated with 3.72× (95% CI, 1.41 to 9.81) greater CRC risk in patients with LS with MLH1 mutation, but no excess risk was observed in those with MSH2 or MSH6 mutation (P = .5). The obesity-related excess CRC risk was confined to those randomly assigned to the aspirin placebo group (adjusted hazard ratio, 2.75; 95% CI, 1.12 to 6.79; P = .03). Conclusion Obesity is associated with substantially increased CRC risk in patients with LS, but this risk is abrogated in those taking aspirin. Such patients are likely to benefit from obesity prevention and/or regular aspirin.

scholarly journals Effects of Hypoxic and Normoxic Training in Altitude on HIF-1α and PGC-1α Levels in Elite Endurance Runners

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-70
Author(s):  
Rahman Soori ◽  
◽  
Mahla Mohamad Zadeh ◽  
Amine Ghram ◽  
Siroos Choobineh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Hypoxia Inducible Factor ◽  
Time Trial ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator ◽  
Anthropometric Parameters ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptor ◽  
Time Points ◽  
Endurance Runners

Introduction: Training at altitude or in a hypoxic environment has gained attention among athletes, coaches, and scientists to enhance sea-level performance. However, the efficacy of “Living-Low, Training-High, Training-Low” (LLTHTL) strategy to escalate the mechanisms associated with enhancing performance in the human athletes is still unknown. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of the LLTHTL on Hypoxia-Inducible Factor-1 alpha (HIF-1α) and peroxisome Proliferator-activated Receptor-Gamma Coactivator-1alpha (PGC-1α) levels in elite endurance runners. Methods: The study has a crossover design in University laboratory. Eight elite male runners (Mean±SD age: 24.50±3.96 years; Mean±SD height: 179.75±4.62 cm; Mean±SD body mass: 67.37±3.42 kg; Mean±SD body mass index: 20.85±1.11 kg/m²) took part in the research. After 4 weeks of Living-Low (LL), the athletes performed 4 weeks Training-High (TH) and then, 3 weeks training-low (TL). Main Outcome Measures: Anthropometric parameters, time trial (1500 m), PGC-1α, and HIF-1α levels were measured in four different time points: pre-LL, post-LL, post-TH, and post-TL. Results: There were no significant differences between the 4 time points for body mass and body mass index (P>0.05). The time trial was improved significantly (p <0.001) at post-TH as well as post-TL compared with the pre-LL and post-LL. TH decreased HIF-1α level but did not affect PGC-1α. Besides, TL increased both HIF-1α and PGC-1α. Conclusion: Training at altitude reduces HIF-1α and training at sea-level increased PGC-1α and HIF-1α levels. Both types of training induced an improvement in the time trial. Athletes and coaches seek advice on the effective training strategy to enhance performance at different altitudes.

Plain vitamin D or alfacalcidol as follow-up treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis after continuous long-term once weekly bisphosphonate intake

2012 ◽  
Vol 21 (02) ◽  
pp. 83-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Schacht ◽  
J. D. Ringe
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Postmenopausal Osteoporosis ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Sich Eine ◽  
Fand Sich ◽  
Negative Effekte

ZusammenfassungEine langjährige orale Bisphosphonat (BP)– Behandlung der Osteoporose kann durch übermäßige Suppression des Knochenumbaues negative Effekte auf die Knochenqualität haben. Es gibt bislang keine verbindlichen Empfehlungen zur Anwendungsdauer der BP, aber eine Therapieunterbrechung nach etwa fünf Jahren wird heute überwiegend angeraten. Bezüglich anschließenden Folgebehandlung gibt es allerdings auch kaum publizierte wissenschaftliche Daten. Wir haben in einer zweijährigen Studie an 85 Frauen mit postmenopausaler Osteoporose nach einer mittleren BP-Einnahmedauer von 4,2 Jahren zwei verschiedene Folge behandlungen vergleichend untersucht: Gruppe A (n = 42) erhielt 800 IE natürliches Vitamin D + 1200 mg Kalzium pro Tag, Gruppe B (n = 43) 1 µg Alfacalcidol + 500 mg Kalzium pro Tag. Primärer Endpunkt war die Änderung der Knochenmineraldichte (BMD) nach 12 und 24 Monaten. Weitere Endpunkte waren neu auftretende Stürze und Frakturen, Rückenschmerz (VAS 0–10) und unerwünschte Therapieeffekte. Zwischen den beiden Gruppen bestanden keine Unterschiede in den Ausgangscharakteristika Alter, Body-Mass-Index, Größenverlust, BMD, Rückenschmerz-Score und der Anzahl vorbestehender Stürze und Frakturen. In Gruppe A änderten sich die BMD-Werte an der LWS nicht signifikant während der zwei Jahre Follow-up nach Absetzen der BPEinnahme. Dagegen zeigte sich in Gruppe B für die LWS ein signifikanter Anstieg von 2,1 % (B vs. A p < 0,01). An den zwei Femurmessorten fanden wir leichte Abnahmen in der Vitamin-D-Gruppe und einen signifikanten Anstieg unter Alfacalcidol. Die mittlere Anzahl von Stürzen pro Patient blieb unverändert in Gruppe A und nahm signifikant ab in Gruppe B (p < 0,05). Die Anzahl der Patienten mit neuen Wirbelfrakturen unterschied sich nach zwei Jahren nicht zwischen beiden Therapiegruppen, während die Inzidenz von nichtvertebralen Frakturen in der Alfacalcidol-Gruppe signifikant niedriger ausfiel (p < 0,05). Des Weiteren fand sich eine signifikant stärkere Verminderung der Rückenschmerzen bei den Patienten unter Alfacalcidol- Behandlung. Bezüglich der Häufigkeit unerwünschter Wirkungen fand sich kein Unterschied zwischen den beiden Gruppen. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass eine Therapieumstellung nach langzeitiger BP-Anwendung bei postmenopausaler Osteoporose auf Alfacalcidol der Nachbehandlung mit natürlichem Vitamin D überlegen ist.

Coactivation of the Human Vitamin D Receptor by the Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor γ Coactivator-1 α

2005 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
pp. 511-517 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajesh S. Savkur ◽  
Kelli S. Bramlett ◽  
Keith R. Stayrook ◽  
Sunil Nagpal ◽  
Thomas P. Burris
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Vitamin D Receptor ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptor
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