Fluid preservation: a comprehensive reference

2014 ◽  
Vol 52 (05) ◽  
pp. 52-2505-52-2505
Keyword(s):  
Fluid Preservation ◽  
Comprehensive Reference

The Oxford Handbook of Endangered Languages

2018 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Language Revitalization ◽  
Biocultural Diversity ◽  
Endangered Languages ◽  
Language Documentation ◽  
Comprehensive Overview ◽  
Diverse Range ◽  
Language Endangerment ◽  
Reference Volume ◽  
New Findings ◽  
Comprehensive Reference

The Oxford Handbook of Endangered Languages, in thirty-nine chapters, provides a comprehensive overview of the efforts that are being undertaken to deal with this crisis. Its purposes are (1) to provide a reasonably comprehensive reference volume, with the scope of the volume as a whole representing the breadth of the field; (2) to highlight both the range of thinking about language endangerment and the variety of responses to it; and (3) to broaden understanding of language endangerment, language documentation, and language revitalization, and, in so doing, to encourage and contribute to fresh thinking and new findings in support of endangered languages. The handbook is organized into five parts. Part I, Endangered Languages, addresses some of the fundamental issues that are essential to understanding the nature of the endangered languages crisis. Part II, Language Documentation provides an overview of the issues and activities of concern to linguists and others in their efforts to record and document endangered languages. Part III, Language Revitalization encompasses a diverse range of topics, including approaches, practices, and strategies for revitalizing endangered and sleeping (“dormant”) languages. Part IV, Endangered Languages and Biocultural Diversity, extends the discussion of language endangerment beyond its conventional boundaries to consider the interrelationship of language, culture, and environment. Part V, Looking to the Future, addresses a variety of topics that are certain to be of consequence in future efforts to document and revitalize endangered languages.

Emerging approaches for restoration of hearing and vision

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sonja Kleinlogel ◽  
Christian Vogl ◽  
Marcus Jeschke ◽  
Jakob Neef ◽  
Tobias Moser
Keyword(s):  
Gene Therapy ◽  
Hearing Aids ◽  
Sensory Information ◽  
Gene Replacement ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Optogenetic Stimulation ◽  
Cellular Specificity ◽  
Socioeconomic Burden ◽  
Comprehensive Reference

Impairments of vision and hearing are highly prevalent conditions limiting the quality of life and presenting a major socioeconomic burden. For long, retinal and cochlear disorders have remained intractable for causal therapies, with sensory rehabilitation limited to glasses, hearing aids, and electrical cochlear or retinal implants. Recently, the application of gene therapy and optogenetics to eye and ear has generated hope for a fundamental improvement of vision and hearing restoration. To date, one gene therapy for the restoration of vision has been approved and undergoing clinical trials will broaden its application including gene replacement, genome editing, and regenerative approaches. Moreover, optogenetics, i.e. controlling the activity of cells by light, offers a more general alternative strategy. Over little more than a decade, optogenetic approaches have been developed and applied to better understand the function of biological systems, while protein engineers have identified and designed new opsin variants with desired physiological features. Considering potential clinical applications of optogenetics, the spotlight is on the sensory systems. Multiple efforts have been undertaken to restore lost or hampered function in eye and ear. Optogenetic stimulation promises to overcome fundamental shortcomings of electrical stimulation, namely poor spatial resolution and cellular specificity, and accordingly to deliver more detailed sensory information. This review aims at providing a comprehensive reference on current gene therapeutic and optogenetic research relevant to the restoration of hearing and vision. We will introduce gene-therapeutic approaches and discuss the biotechnological and optoelectronic aspects of optogenetic hearing and vision restoration.

Lectotypification of Peruvian Melastomataceae described by Cogniaux from Weberbauer collections

Phytotaxa ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 125 (1) ◽  
pp. 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janelle M Burke ◽  
Fabian Michelangeli
Keyword(s):  
Comprehensive Reference

We provide a comprehensive reference for lectotypifications of Peruvian Melastomataceae taxa described by Cogniaux in 1908 from Weberbauer specimens at Berlin. Of the 45 taxa described from the Cogniaux publication, we designate new lectotypes for 39 taxa: Axinaea nitida, Axinaea tetragona, Blakea villosa, Brachyotum asperum, Centradeniastrum roseum, Calyptrella robusta, Graffenrieda foliosa, Macrocentrum fasciculatum var. peruvianum, Miconia alpina, Miconia atrofusca, Miconia brevistylis, Miconia chrysanthera, Miconia crassistigma, Miconia densifolia, Miconia dumetosa, Miconia falcata, Miconia floccosa, Miconia fruticulosa, Miconia glutinosa, Miconia grisea, Miconia hamata, Miconia lugubris, Miconia monzoniensis, Miconia neriifolia var. brevifolia, Miconia nigricans, Miconia secundifolia, Miconia setinervia, Miconia urbaniana, Miconia weberbaueri, Myrmidone peruviana, Tibouchina asperifolia, Tibouchina brevisepala, Tibouchina calycina, Tibouchina calycina var. parvifolia, Tibouchina cymosa, Tibouchina laevis, Tibouchina rhynchantherifolia, Tibouchina virescens, and Tibouchina weberbaueri. 

scholarly journals A Review of the Geomechanics Aspects in Space Exploration

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (22) ◽  
pp. 7522
Author(s):  
Dariusz Knez ◽  
Mohammad Ahmad Mahmoudi Zamani
Keyword(s):  
Plate Tectonics ◽  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Research Study ◽  
Space Exploration ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Primary Objective ◽  
Water Extraction ◽  
Scientific Investigations ◽  
Operational Constraints ◽  
Comprehensive Reference

From the 2000s onwards, unprecedented space missions have brought about a wealth of novel investigations on the different aspects of space geomechanics. Such aspects are related to the exploratory activities such as drilling, sampling, coring, water extraction, anchoring, etc. So far, a whole range of constitutive research projects on the plate tectonics, morphology, volcanic activities and volatile content of planetary bodies have been implemented. Furthermore, various laboratory experiments on extraterrestrial samples and their artificial terrestrial simulants are continually conducted to obtain the physical and mechanical properties of the corresponding specimens. Today, with the space boom being steered by diverse space agencies, the incorporation of geomechanics into space exploration appreciably appears much needed. The primary objective of this article is to collate and integrate the up-to-date investigations related to the geomechanical applications in space technologies. Emphasis is given to the new and future applications such as planetary drilling and water extraction. The main impetus is to provide a comprehensive reference for geoscience scientists and astronauts to quickly become acquainted with the cutting-edge advancements in the area of space geomechanics. Moreover, this research study also elaborates on the operational constraints in space geomechanics which necessitate further scientific investigations.

scholarly journals Overcoming limitations to environmental DNA studies: A coastal temperate reference sequence database for multiple chloroplast gene regions generated in a single assay.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicole Foster ◽  
Kor-jent Dijk ◽  
Ed Biffin ◽  
Jennifer Young ◽  
Vicki Thomson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Dna Barcode ◽  
Environmental Dna ◽  
Reference Sequence ◽  
Reference Database ◽  
Chloroplast Gene ◽  
Coastal Plants ◽  
Reference Databases ◽  
Targeted Capture ◽  
Comprehensive Reference

A proliferation in environmental DNA (eDNA) research has increased the reliance on reference sequence databases to assign unknown DNA sequences to known taxa. Without comprehensive reference databases, DNA extracted from environmental samples cannot be correctly assigned to taxa, limiting the use of this genetic information to identify organisms in unknown sample mixtures. For animals, standard metabarcoding practices involve amplification of the mitochondrial Cytochrome-c oxidase subunit 1 (CO1) region, which is a universally amplifyable region across majority of animal taxa. This region, however, does not work well as a DNA barcode for plants and fungi, and there is no similar universal single barcode locus that has the same species resolution. Therefore, generating reference sequences has been more difficult and several loci have been suggested to be used in parallel to get to species identification. For this reason, we developed a multi-gene targeted capture approach to generate reference DNA sequences for plant taxa across 20 target chloroplast gene regions in a single assay. We successfully compiled a reference database for 93 temperate coastal plants including seagrasses, mangroves, and saltmarshes/samphire’s. We demonstrate the importance of a comprehensive reference database to prevent species going undetected in eDNA studies. We also investigate how using multiple chloroplast gene regions impacts the ability to discriminate between taxa.

scholarly journals Investigating Variation Orders Causes in Iraqi Building Construction Projects

2021 ◽  
Vol 318 ◽  
pp. 02003
Author(s):  
Hassan Kamal Alhilli ◽  
Sedki I. Rezoqi
Keyword(s):  
Construction Industry ◽  
Construction Projects ◽  
Harmful Effect ◽  
Fuzzy Cognitive Map ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Change Orders ◽  
Management Processes ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Comprehensive Reference

Changes are a common phenomenon in the construction industry, impacting the project's cost, time, and performance. The purpose of this work is to a comprehensive review relating to variation order causes. Also, the aim here is to determine variation order causes in the building’s construction. More importantly, explore the relationship between these causes. However, the importance of specifying the causes for change orders is the first step in managing variation orders to reduce the harmful effect on a project. The field survey was conducted for several institutions such as health (Karkh’s health), higher education (University of Baghdad and University of Kufa). As a result, a field visit was made to the project sites. They were then, Conducting interviews with the resident engineer, the consultant, and the contractor. A developer tool called cause (variation orders) breakdown structure (CBS) included 12 causes at the first level, including 103 sub-causes. There is a relationship between the variation orders causes, which is evident in the third level. The study recommends adopting (CBS) a comprehensive reference for variation order causes in projects due to facilitating their management processes. Future research could examine the relative importance of variation order causes, in addition to using a fuzzy cognitive map to find the extent of each cause’s influence on the other.

scholarly journals Reassessment of the mitochondrial 12S-rRNA gene for DNA barcoding of museum specimens of shelled marine gastropods from Japan

2021 ◽  
Vol 322 ◽  
pp. 01028
Author(s):  
Nao Fukunaga ◽  
Moe Shimizu ◽  
Shinnosuke Teruya ◽  
Nazifa Naziha Razali ◽  
Satoko Nakashima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Barcoding ◽  
12S Rrna ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Museum Specimens ◽  
Biodiversity Monitoring ◽  
Marine Gastropods ◽  
12S Rrna Gene ◽  
Reference Databases ◽  
Mitochondrial 12S Rrna ◽  
Comprehensive Reference

DNA barcoding is an effective and powerful tool for taxonomic identification and thus very useful for biodiversity monitoring. This study investigated the usefulness of the mitochondrial 12S-rRNA gene for the DNA barcoding of shelled marine gastropods. To do so, we determined partial 12S-rRNA sequences of 75 vouchered museum specimens from 69 species of shelled gastropods from Japan. The specimens have been identified morphologically, and natural history data catalog. Sequence analyses through BLAST searches, maximum likelihood phylogenetic analysis, and species delimitation analysis suggested that the 12S-rRNA gene is helpful for barcoding shelled marine gastropods. They thus could be helpful to complement barcoding studies using other markers such as COI. The analyses successfully confirmed all samples’ identity at higher taxonomy (subfamily and above), but much less so at the species level. Our result thus also underlines the lingering problem of DNA barcoding: The lack of comprehensive reference databases of sequences. However, since we provided sequences of properly curated, vouchered museum specimens in this study, our result reported here has thus also helped to give taxonomically reliable reference sequences for biodiversity monitoring and identifications of shelled gastropods which include many important fisheries species.

scholarly journals The Southern Ocean Radiolarian (SO-RAD) dataset: a new compilation of modern radiolarian census data

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 5441-5453
Author(s):  
Kelly-Anne Lawler ◽  
Giuseppe Cortese ◽  
Matthieu Civel-Mazens ◽  
Helen Bostock ◽  
Xavier Crosta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
Southern Ocean ◽  
Marine Sediments ◽  
Surface Sediment ◽  
Census Data ◽  
Reference Dataset ◽  
Past Climate ◽  
Sediment Samples ◽  
Comprehensive Reference

Abstract. Radiolarians (holoplanktonic protozoa) preserved in marine sediments are commonly used as palaeoclimate proxies for reconstructing past Southern Ocean environments. Generating reconstructions of past climate based on microfossil abundances, such as radiolarians, requires a spatially and environmentally comprehensive reference dataset of modern census counts. The Southern Ocean Radiolarian (SO-RAD) dataset includes census counts for 238 radiolarian taxa from 228 surface sediment samples located in the Atlantic, Indian, and southwest Pacific sectors of the Southern Ocean. This compilation is the largest radiolarian census dataset derived from surface sediment samples in the Southern Ocean. The SO-RAD dataset may be used as a reference dataset for palaeoceanographic reconstructions, or for studying modern radiolarian biogeography and species diversity. As well as describing the data collection and collation, we include recommendations and guidelines for cleaning and subsetting the data for users unfamiliar with the procedures typically used by the radiolarian community. The SO-RAD dataset is available to download from https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.929903 (Lawler et al., 2021).

scholarly journals Panoramic stitching of heterogeneous single-cell transcriptomic data

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian Hie ◽  
Bryan Bryson ◽  
Bonnie Berger
Keyword(s):  
Single Cell ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Cell Type ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Data Set Integration ◽  
Biological Patterns ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Comprehensive Reference

AbstractResearchers are generating single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) profiles of diverse biological systems1–4 and every cell type in the human body.5 Leveraging this data to gain unprecedented insight into biology and disease will require assembling heterogeneous cell populations across multiple experiments, laboratories, and technologies. Although methods for scRNA-seq data integration exist6,7, they often naively merge data sets together even when the data sets have no cell types in common, leading to results that do not correspond to real biological patterns. Here we present Scanorama, inspired by algorithms for panorama stitching, that overcomes the limitations of existing methods to enable accurate, heterogeneous scRNA-seq data set integration. Our strategy identifies and merges the shared cell types among all pairs of data sets and is orders of magnitude faster than existing techniques. We use Scanorama to combine 105,476 cells from 26 diverse scRNA-seq experiments across 9 different technologies into a single comprehensive reference, demonstrating how Scanorama can be used to obtain a more complete picture of cellular function across a wide range of scRNA-seq experiments.

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