Chloramphenicol Toxicity Revisited: A 12-Year-Old Patient With a Brain Abscess

Chloramphenicol, a broad-spectrum antibiotic, is rarely used in the United States due to its well-described adverse effects. Because of its limited use, many clinicians are unfamiliar with its indications, spectrum of activity, and potential adverse drug effects. We describe a 12-year-old patient who presented after two craniotomies for a persistent brain abscess complicated by long-term chloramphenicol administration. Findings for this patient were consistent with many of the adverse drug effects associated with chloramphenicol, including elevated chloramphenicol serum concentrations, anemia, thrombocytopenia, reticulocytopenia, and severe metabolic acidosis. Rare manifestations of chloramphenicol toxicity that developed in this patient included neutropenia, visual field changes, and peripheral neuropathy. Chloramphenicol administration was discontinued, and hemodialysis was initiated for severe metabolic acidosis. The patient recovered with severe visual field deficits. Although chloramphenicol is rarely indicated, it remains an effective antibiotic. Healthcare providers should become familiar with the pharmacology, toxicology, and monitoring parameters for appropriate use of this antibiotic.

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Capturing the surge of public interest towards Hydroxychloroquine, Azithromycin and BCG vaccine during COVID-19 Pandemic (Preprint)

10.2196/preprints.19482 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Shabbir Syed-Abdul ◽

Shwetambara Malwade ◽

Sim-Mei Choo

Keyword(s):

Social Media ◽

Preventive Measures ◽

Healthcare Providers ◽

Specific Treatment ◽

Drug Effects ◽

The United States ◽

Bcg Vaccine ◽

Public Interests ◽

Treatment Regimes ◽

Appropriate Treatment

UNSTRUCTURED The outbreak of COVID-19 that started in December 2019, was declared a pandemic in March 2020. Currently, there is no specific treatment recommended and healthcare providers are struggling to find appropriate treatment regimes. Medication misinformation spread through social media has caused panic situations and self-prescription leading to harmful drug effects. The situation worsened following false propaganda via social media, leading to shortage of some medications. Our study shows the frequency of search for the medications Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ), Azithromycin and Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine in Google Trends, across 6 countries. Public interests from the United States, Italy and Spain leaned towards HCQ, whereas those from Taiwan, Japan and South Korea were keen towards learning about the BCG vaccine. Our article aimed to inform the general public of the adverse drug reactions to avoid self-prescription or yield to the assumptions of leaders and unanimous social media posts. Proactive participation and preventive measures such as social distancing, use of face masks and hand sanitizers are recommended to help curb COVID-19 and other infections.

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Pharmaco-EcoMicrobiology and Its Potential Role in Medical and Environmental Sciences

Pharmacoinformatics and Drug Discovery Technologies - Advances in Bioinformatics and Biomedical Engineering ◽

10.4018/978-1-4666-0309-7.ch018 ◽

2012 ◽

pp. 291-302

Author(s):

Mohd. Shahid ◽

Hridesh Mishra ◽

Hemant Kumar Mishra ◽

Trivendra Tripathi ◽

Haris M. Khan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Information Technologies ◽

Antimicrobial Agents ◽

Drug Effects ◽

Pharmacy Education ◽

World Health ◽

Adverse Drug Effects ◽

Pharmaceutical Industries ◽

Health Organization

Despite the call of the World Health Organization (WHO) for “Pharmacovigilance,” i.e. the monitoring, detection, assessment, and prevention of any adverse reactions, poor attention has been given to identify the long term and short term Adverse Effects (ADEs) of antimicrobial agents on the environment. It is obvious that most of the health sectors across the globe are occupied by infectious diseases (e.g. tuberculosis, HIV, and hepatitis), and to combat such threats, the pharmaceutical industries are pouring tons of drugs and reagents into a market worth billions of dollars. The discharge of these products into the ecosystem is potentially a threat to the environment and human health. In this chapter, the authors depicted a recently described terminology, “Pharmaco-EcoMicrobiology” (PEcM), that could cover these problems and their possible solutions on medical and environmental aspects. In this regard, the role of pharmacoinformatics could also be crucial, since it can provide swift information for implementation and use of information technologies for the discovery and development of drugs as well as in pharmacy education and also the detection and combat of adverse drug effects.

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Ambulatory Care Visits for Treating Adverse Drug Effects in the United States, 1995–2001

The Joint Commission Journal on Quality and Patient Safety ◽

10.1016/s1553-7250(05)31050-6 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 31 (7) ◽

pp. 372-378 ◽

Cited By ~ 24

Author(s):

Chunliu Zhan ◽

Irma E. Arispe ◽

Edward Kelley ◽

Tina Ding ◽

Catharine W. Burt ◽

...

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Ambulatory Care ◽

Drug Effects ◽

The United States ◽

Adverse Drug Effects

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Visual field deficits following anterior temporal lobectomy: Long-term follow-up and prognostic implications

Epilepsia ◽

10.1111/j.1528-1167.2009.02427.x ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 51 (6) ◽

pp. 1018-1023 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Debbie Yam ◽

David Nicolle ◽

David A. Steven ◽

Donald Lee ◽

Tiiu Hess ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Visual Field ◽

Temporal Lobectomy ◽

Anterior Temporal Lobectomy ◽

Visual Field Deficits ◽

Long Term Follow Up ◽

Prognostic Implications

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Nutrition and Cerebrovascular Disease

Integrative Neurology ◽

10.1093/med/9780190051617.003.0003 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 36-54

Author(s):

Karima Benameur

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Diet Quality ◽

Independent Risk Factor ◽

Southeastern United States ◽

Healthcare Providers ◽

The United States ◽

Public Health Burden ◽

Nutrition Science ◽

Stroke Belt

Stroke is a major public health burden in the United States and worldwide and is a leading cause of long-term disability and lost wages. The southeastern United States, nicknamed the “stroke belt,” is disproportionately affected by stroke, with African Americans being the most affected. Multiple theories exist about the basis for this, one of which is the diet quality that prevails in the southern United States. Indeed, diet has long been known to be an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease in general, and stroke in particular. This chapter discusses the relation between diet and stroke. We explore the intersections of cardiovascular and nutrition science and discuss the different components of diet as well as the different dietary patterns and how they affect stroke risk. Finally, we recommend how physicians and healthcare providers can mitigate cardiovascular risk by properly counseling their patients. This chapter is meant to be used as guidance for the data needed to support our daily decisions when counseling patients.

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Tuberculosis Prevention and Control in Long-Term–Care Facilities for Older Adults

Infection Control and Hospital Epidemiology ◽

10.1086/502350 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 25 (12) ◽

pp. 1097-1108 ◽

Cited By ~ 33

Author(s):

Lauri Thrupp ◽

Suzanne Bradley ◽

Philip Smith ◽

Andrew Simor ◽

Nelson Gantz ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Prevention And Control ◽

Long Term Care ◽

Healthcare Providers ◽

The United States ◽

Disease Diagnosis ◽

Term Care ◽

Care Facilities ◽

And Control

AbstractIn the United States, older adults comprise 22% of cases of tuberculous disease but only 12% of the population. Most cases of tuberculosis (TB) occur in community dwellers, but attack rates are highest among frail residents of long-term–care facilities. The detection and treatment of latent TB infection and TB disease can pose special challenges in older adults. Rapid recognition of possible disease, diagnosis, and implementation of airborne precautions are essential to prevent spread. It is the intent of this evidence-based guideline to assist healthcare providers in the prevention and control of TB, specifically in skilled nursing facilities for the elderly.

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Adverse drug effects and angioedema hospitalizations in the United States from 2000 to 2009

Allergy and Asthma Proceedings ◽

10.2500/aap.2013.34.3618 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 34 (1) ◽

pp. 65-71 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Robert Y. Lin ◽

Rozalyn J. Levine ◽

Huei Lin

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Drug Effects ◽

The United States ◽

Adverse Drug Effects

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Speech-Language Pathology in the Peace Corps: Necessity and Sustainability

Perspectives on Global Issues in Communication Sciences and Related Disorders ◽

10.1044/gics2.1.11 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

pp. 11-18

Author(s):

Melissa A. Pierce

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Special Education ◽

Peace Corps ◽

People With Disabilities ◽

Communication Disorders ◽

The United States ◽

Speech Language Pathology ◽

Speech Language Pathologists ◽

Language Pathology

In countries other than the United States, the study and practice of speech-language pathology is little known or nonexistent. Recognition of professionals in the field is minimal. Speech-language pathologists in countries where speech-language pathology is a widely recognized and respected profession often seek to share their expertise in places where little support is available for individuals with communication disorders. The Peace Corps offers a unique, long-term volunteer opportunity to people with a variety of backgrounds, including speech-language pathologists. Though Peace Corps programs do not specifically focus on speech-language pathology, many are easily adapted to the profession because they support populations of people with disabilities. This article describes how the needs of local children with communication disorders are readily addressed by a Special Education Peace Corps volunteer.

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Multidisciplinary Evidence to Treat Bilingual Individuals with Aphasia

Perspectives on Communication Disorders and Sciences in Culturally and Linguistically Diverse Populations ◽

10.1044/cds15.3.66 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 15 (3) ◽

pp. 66-72 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

José G. Centeno

Keyword(s):

Stroke Rehabilitation ◽

Culturally Diverse ◽

Treatment Strategies ◽

The United States ◽

Intervention Strategies ◽

Steady Increase ◽

Clinical Procedures ◽

Bilingual Speakers ◽

Aphasic Clients

Abstract The steady increase in linguistic and cultural diversity in the country, including the number of bilingual speakers, has been predicted to continue. Minorities are expected to be the majority by 2042. Strokes, the third leading cause of death and the leading cause of long-term disability in the U.S., are quite prevalent in racial and ethnic minorities, so population estimates underscore the imperative need to develop valid clinical procedures to serve the predicted increase in linguistically and culturally diverse bilingual adults with aphasia in post-stroke rehabilitation. Bilingualism is a complex phenomenon that interconnects culture, cognition, and language; thus, as aphasia is a social phenomenon, treatment of bilingual aphasic persons would benefit from conceptual frameworks that exploit the culture-cognition-language interaction in ways that maximize both linguistic and communicative improvement leading to social re-adaptation. This paper discusses a multidisciplinary evidence-based approach to develop ecologically-valid treatment strategies for bilingual aphasic individuals. Content aims to spark practitioners' interest to explore conceptually broad intervention strategies beyond strictly linguistic domains that would facilitate linguistic gains, communicative interactions, and social functioning. This paper largely emphasizes Spanish-English individuals in the United States. Practitioners, however, are advised to adapt the proposed principles to the unique backgrounds of other bilingual aphasic clients.

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Traumatic Brain Injury: A Trauma Surgeon's Perspective

Perspectives on Neurophysiology and Neurogenic Speech and Language Disorders ◽

10.1044/nnsld22.3.82 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 22 (3) ◽

pp. 82-89

Author(s):

Oscar D. Guillamondegui

Keyword(s):

Traumatic Brain Injury ◽

Brain Injury ◽

Multidisciplinary Approach ◽

Trauma Team ◽

The United States ◽

Long Term Outcomes ◽

Term Care ◽

Injured Brain ◽

The Moment

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a serious epidemic in the United States. It affects patients of all ages, race, and socioeconomic status (SES). The current care of these patients typically manifests after sequelae have been identified after discharge from the hospital, long after the inciting event. The purpose of this article is to introduce the concept of identification and management of the TBI patient from the moment of injury through long-term care as a multidisciplinary approach. By promoting an awareness of the issues that develop around the acutely injured brain and linking them to long-term outcomes, the trauma team can initiate care early to alter the effect on the patient, family, and community. Hopefully, by describing the care afforded at a trauma center and by a multidisciplinary team, we can bring a better understanding to the armamentarium of methods utilized to treat the difficult population of TBI patients.

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