Village to City: Staples and Luxuries? Exchange Networks and Urbanization

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lin Foxhall
Keyword(s):  
Sixth Century ◽  
Processes Of Change ◽  
Urban Centers ◽  
Exchange Networks ◽  
Literal Sense ◽  
Complex Processes ◽  
Social Settings ◽  
Greek World

This chapter examines the role of commodities and their movements to the complex processes of change and urbanization in the Greek world. It suggests that economies of urban centers emerged out of, and came to reside in, the consumption of goods driven by fashion, as many people in fluid political and social settings use goods to display their political aims and construct social ambitions. Thus, the increasing numbers of communities that might seriously be called urban by the sixth century could be considered, in the most literal sense, as consumer cities.

The Archaic Greek World

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
David M. Lewis
Keyword(s):  
Sixth Century ◽  
Slave Society ◽  
Greek World ◽  
Evolution Of Slavery

This chapter examines the role of slavery in the worlds of Homer and of Hesiod, and asks what historical conditions these portrayals might reflect. It provides a critique of the current orthodoxy, developed by M. I. Finley, which holds that the emergence of a ‘slave society’ in Greece occurred in the sixth century BC. Slavery is shown to have underpinned elite fortunes at least as early as 700 BC. A different model of the evolution of slavery in the Greek world is set out, in which different regions diverged from the ‘Homeric’ model to differing degrees and for different reasons.

Why are well-adjusted people seen more accurately? The role of personality-behavior congruence in naturalistic social settings.

2019 ◽  
Vol 117 (2) ◽  
pp. 465-482 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lauren J. Human ◽  
Marie-Catherine Mignault ◽  
Jeremy C. Biesanz ◽  
Katherine H. Rogers
Keyword(s):  
Social Settings

Inventing Synagogue Conversion

2013 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 401-416
Author(s):  
Shira L. Lander
Keyword(s):  
Religious Belief ◽  
Sacred Space ◽  
Sixth Century ◽  
Building Structures ◽  
Late Antique ◽  
Complex Processes ◽  
Space Transformation

Historians of the ancient synagogue often use the term “conversion” to describe any kind of adaptation of a building once designated as a synagogue into a church. This label oversimplifies and misconstrues complex processes, both rhetorical and architectural, that were at work in transforming the landscape of the late antique Mediterranean. I explore the dynamic of this triumphalist rhetoric and architectural strategy, showing that Christian writers meant something very specific by the term “conversion,” and that they invented the paradigm of synagogue conversion in order to interpret the changing landscape to their readers. The architectural program of replacement as a strategy for converting subject populations to Christianity emerged in the sixth century. By characterizing changes made to building structures and changes in religious belief as “conversion,” imperial policy concretized the association of sacred space transformation with the victory of Christianity over Judaism and paganism.

scholarly journals Exoskeletons, Rehabilitation and Bodily Capacities

2021 ◽  
pp. 1357034X2110256
Author(s):  
Denisa Butnaru
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Crucial Role ◽  
Spinal Cord Injuries ◽  
Main Task ◽  
Cerebrovascular Accidents ◽  
Complex Processes ◽  
Cord Injury ◽  
Neurological Conditions

Motility impairments resulting from spinal cord injuries and cerebrovascular accidents are increasingly prevalent in society, leading to the growing development of rehabilitative robotic technologies, among them exoskeletons. This article outlines how bodies with neurological conditions such as spinal cord injury and stroke engage in processes of re-appropriation while using exoskeletons and some of the challenges they face. The main task of exoskeletons in rehabilitative environments is either to rehabilitate or ameliorate anatomic functions of impaired bodies. In these complex processes, they also play a crucial role in recasting specific corporeal phenomenologies. For the accomplishment of these forms of corporeal re-appropriation, the role of experts is crucial. This article explores how categories such as bodily resistance, techno-inter-corporeal co-production of bodies and machines, as well as body work mark the landscape of these contemporary forms of impaired corporeality. While defending corporeal extension rather than incorporation, I argue against the figure of the ‘cyborg’ and posit the idea of ‘residual subjectivity’.

scholarly journals Involvement of the long noncoding RNA H19 in osteogenic differentiation and bone regeneration

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zimo Zhou ◽  
Mohammad Showkat Hossain ◽  
Da Liu
Keyword(s):  
Bone Regeneration ◽  
Osteogenic Differentiation ◽  
Long Noncoding Rna ◽  
Noncoding Rna ◽  
Osteoblast Differentiation ◽  
Osteoclast Differentiation ◽  
Complex Processes ◽  
Osteogenic Induction ◽  
Novel Target

AbstractOsteogenic differentiation and bone regeneration are complex processes involving multiple genes and multiple steps. In this review, we summarize the effects of the long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) H19 on osteogenic differentiation.Osteogenic differentiation includes matrix secretion and calcium mineralization as hallmarks of osteoblast differentiation and the absorption of calcium and phosphorus as hallmarks of osteoclast differentiation. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) form osteoprogenitor cells, pre-osteoblasts, mature osteoblasts, and osteocytes through induction and differentiation. lncRNAs regulate the expression of coding genes and play essential roles in osteogenic differentiation and bone regeneration. The lncRNA H19 is known to have vital roles in osteogenic induction.This review highlights the role of H19 as a novel target for osteogenic differentiation and the promotion of bone regeneration.

RHODES AND KOS: EAST DORIAN POTTERY PRODUCTION OF THE ARCHAIC PERIOD

2017 ◽  
Vol 112 ◽  
pp. 99-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandra Villing ◽  
Hans Mommsen
Keyword(s):  
Neutron Activation Analysis ◽  
Activation Analysis ◽  
Neutron Activation ◽  
Coastal Areas ◽  
Sixth Century ◽  
Pottery Production ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Consistent Feature ◽  
Painted Pottery

To date, the pottery production of Rhodes, Kos and other ‘East Dorian’ islands and coastal areas remains little understood. This article presents and discusses new neutron activation analysis (NAA) of eighth–sixth-century bc vessels found on Rhodes and in related areas, placing them in the wider context of past and present archaeometric research. The results highlight the role of Kos as a leading regional centre of painted pottery production and export in the seventh–sixth centuries bc, notably of ‘East Dorian’ plates. This includes the famous ‘Euphorbos plate’, which can now be attributed to Koan production. Contemporary Archaic pottery workshops on Rhodes, in contrast, had a less ambitious, if diverse, output, ranging from vessels in a Sub-Geometric tradition, imitation Corinthian wares and modest local versions of Koan- and Ionian-style plates to finely potted and richly decorated ‘Vroulian’ cups and black-figured situlae. It was imported mainland and East Greek wares, however, that dominated the island's consumption of Archaic painted wares. This represents a departure from the preceding Geometric period, which was characterised by a local pottery production of considerable scale and quality, although receptivity to external influences remained a consistent feature throughout later periods. As patterns of demand were changing, the island's craft production appears to have concentrated on a different range of goods in which high-quality figured finewares played a lesser role.

Women Lawyers for Social Causes: Professional Careers and Legal Development in Thailand

2021 ◽  
pp. 97-132
Author(s):  
Frank W. Munger ◽  
Peerawich Thoviriyavej ◽  
Vorapitchaya Rabiablok
Keyword(s):  
Social Movements ◽  
Political Development ◽  
News Coverage ◽  
Processes Of Change ◽  
Professional Careers ◽  
Women Lawyers ◽  
Social Cause ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Social Causes

Women lawyers are increasing seen among the leading legal defenders of human rights and social movements in Thailand. Increasing visibility is partly a result of news coverage and social media, but women lawyers activism has far older roots. In this article, we examine two related processes of change that contribute to women’s emergence as leading social cause practitioners. First, we discuss the relationship between Thailand’s legal system and its social and political development since the end of the nineteenth century. Second, we employ career narratives of three women lawyers with innovative practices for social causes as a lens through which to examine how lawyers transform available resources into an identity, law practice, and law. We discuss not only the role of prior generations of women lawyers, connections between influential elites and social cause lawyers, and the founding of a few key organizations within the NGO community, but also the role of the women as architects of their own careers. We conclude that they have become successful by aligning their practices with emerging social movements and progressive bureaucrats, unexpectedly creating professional identities with somewhat different relationships to the rule of law.

The Ideology of the Letter of Aristeas

1958 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 59-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Tcherikover
Keyword(s):  
Special Kind ◽  
General View ◽  
Self Defense ◽  
Greek World

Modern scholars commonly regard the “Letter of Aristeas” as a work typical of Jewish apologetics, aiming at self-defense and propaganda, and directed to the Greeks. Here are some instances illustrating this general view. In 1903 Friedländer wrote that the glorification of Judaism in the Letter was no more than self-defense, though “the book does not mention the antagonists of Judaism by name, nor does it admit that its intention is to refute direct attacks.” Stein sees in the Letter “a special kind of defense which practices diplomatic tactics,” and Tramontano also speaks of “an apologetic and propagandist tendency.” Vincent characterizes it as “a small apologetic novel written for the Egyptians” (i.e. the Greeks in Egypt). Pfeiffer says: “This fanciful story of the origin of the Septuagint is merely a pretext for defending Judaism against its heathen denigrators, for extolling its nobility and reasonableness, and for striving to convert Greek speaking Gentiles to it.” Schürer classes the Letter with a special kind of literature, “Jewish propaganda in Pagan disguise,” whose works are “directed to the pagan reader, in order to make propaganda for Judaism among the Gentiles.” Andrews, too, believes that the role of a Greek was assumed by Aristeas in order “to strengthen the force of the argument and commend it to non-Jewish readers.” And even Gutman, who rightly recognizes that the Letter sprang “from an inner need of the educated Jew,” sees in it “a strong means for making Jewish propaganda in the Greek world.”

Leveraging Internet of Things to Revolutionize Waste Management

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mirjana Maksimovic
Keyword(s):  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Waste Management ◽  
Management System ◽  
Human Life ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Urban Centers ◽  
Novel Technologies ◽  
Waste Management System ◽  
Green Cities

A continuously growing population and their migration to urban centers consequently leads to waste expansion. The rapidly increasing quantities of waste generated in the cities affect way of human life, environment and planet. Hence, the necessity for smarter, safer, and greener places have never been more urgent. The novel technologies, Internet of Things (IoT) particularly, holds the potential to better manage waste and recycling. The IoT-driven waste management systems positively influence achieving the vision of smart green cities. This article analyzes the role of smart and safe IoT-powered waste management system, highlights its benefits, and possibilities of implementation and evaluation. It is expected that the IoT-based waste management system will deal successfully with an increasing amount of diverse types of waste and through the realization of a smart green city vision will resolve numerous problems related to human health and environmental contamination.

Physicochemical approaches to gold and silver work, an overview: Searching for technologies, tracing routes, attempting to preserve

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria F. Guerra
Keyword(s):  
Atmospheric Corrosion ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Precious Metals ◽  
Gold Alloys ◽  
Exchange Networks ◽  
Trade Routes ◽  
Physicochemical Methods ◽  
Corrosion Mechanisms ◽  
Challenging Question

Abstract Gold alloys and silver alloys have always been widely employed in the production of significant objects. With high reflectivity, precious metals are perceived as both materials and colours, and can be skilfully combined to produce metallic polychrome effects. Because their structure and composition contain information on their manufacture, use, disclaim and degradation, items in gold and in silver enclose major information on the technologies employed by past societies and on exchange networks. This information can be acquired using appropriate analytical protocols, established according to the nature of the query and the characteristics of the objects. By using physicochemical techniques, it is possible to identify the technologies, materials and tools used by the artisan and, in particular cases, to situate the sources of raw materials and the workshops producing the objects, as well as to follow the trade routes. The aim of this work is to outline major achievements in the study of goldwork and silverwork based on the different physicochemical methods that are available, and to refer the analytical difficulties that have to be faced when studying objects made from precious metals. Based on several examples, three topics are addressed. The first concerns the major role of the techniques of exam when describing shaping, decorating, assembling and finishing; the second considers the search for metallic polychrome effects in some cultural areas; and the third discusses the challenging question of fingerprinting. A fourth section is dedicated to a short reflection on the difficulties related to the identification of the atmospheric corrosion mechanisms of precious metals.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document