Art and Its Publics, c. 1800

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
James J. Sheehan
Keyword(s):  
Visual Arts ◽  
Geographical Location ◽  
Art World ◽  
Old Regime ◽  
Revolutionary Era ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Arts ◽  
National Values ◽  
The Social ◽  
Relationship Of

This chapter begins by sketching the principal ingredients of what Paul Kristeller called ‘the modern system of the arts’: the concept of art itself; art as created by an artist; and art as public. It then examines the condition of the visual arts at the beginning of the nineteenth century, that is, in the middle of the great revolutionary era that began in 1789. In talking about the arts, a Tocquevillian sense of continuity between old regime and revolution is wholly appropriate. The revolution changed the modern art world in several important ways. Three of these changes are discussed. The first has to do with the social setting of art and artists, and especially with artists' changing relationship to patrons and the public. The second concerns the geographical location of art, particularly the shift in the visual arts' centre of gravity away from Italy to Paris, which would remain the artistic capital of Europe for the next century. The third theme is about the complex relationship of national values and national themes to European art, especially painting.

scholarly journals Towards the Theory of the Naïve Art – Grgo Gamulin and the Understanding of Modernism

2019 ◽  
pp. 191-209
Author(s):  
Ivana Mance
Keyword(s):  
Visual Arts ◽  
Role Models ◽  
Subjective Experience ◽  
Socialist Realism ◽  
Art World ◽  
Social Significance ◽  
The Social ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

The article presents the theory of naïve art of the Croatian art historian Grgo Gamulin (1910–1997), which he developed in a number of texts written from early 1960s. In his theory, Gamulin tried to explain the phenomenon of naïve art on the basis of the modernist paradigm by applying the type of argumentation that is characteristic for the discourse of high-modernity. Gamulin’s postulates on the naïve can be summarised with a few basic lines of speculation. First of all, Gamulin claims that the phenomenon of the naïve was epistemologically possible only in the context of modernism, and that it should therefore be considered an equally valuable movement of contemporary art. However, in order to defend its authenticity, he began adhering to the ab ovo theory, the notion that naïve art does not arise as a cumulative result of the historical development of art, but that it ontologically precedes that development. The naïve artist, according to Gamulin, always starts from the beginning, independent of events in the art world, and immune to influences. A naïve artist is therefore necessarily authentic, or rather original: not having any role models, he develops an individual style, independently building his own visual arts language. Gamulin further posits that the visual arts language of the naïve is not based on a naive imitation of reality, or mimesis, but on an instinctive, spontaneous symbolisation of subjective experience, and as such is completely autonomous in relation to the laws of reality, i.e. it is ontologically grounded in the artist’s imagination. Finally, in an effort to explain the social significance of naïve art, Gamulin interprets the emergence of the naïve in the context of the culture of modernism as compensation – a supposedly naïve attitude to aesthetic norms, as well as an imaginarium that evokes “lost spaces of childhood,” necessarily functions as a therapeutic substitute for the alienation of art and the modern life in general. As such, Gamulin’s theory vividly testifies to the character of naïve art as a phenomenon that is constitutive of the culture of modernism, but that also reflects a number of contemporary polemics and split opinions, not only on the topic of the naïve but of modernism as a whole. The split of opinions on naïve art, especially with regard to its genesis, partly reflects the positions of the so-called conflict on the left, discussions that were taking place between the interwar period and early 1950s with the aim of defining the relationship of leftist ideology to modernism, or rather the relationship between the values of socially-critical engagement and aesthetic autonomy. The discussion on the naïve, however, experienced a certain changing of sides– Grgo Gamulin, a one-time advocate for socialist realism, began supporting naïve art and thus rose to the defence of basically liberal understanding of modernism, while former opponents of socialist realism denounced the phenomenon of the naïve as ideologically inconsistent and aesthetically doctored. In conclusion, Gamulin’s theory, as well as the entire polemic around naïve art that was taking place during the 1960s and which the theory necessarily ties in with, demonstrates the complex contextual reality of a seemingly integral modernist paradigm, illustrating the confrontation of positions that is by no means peculiar to Yugoslav society.

scholarly journals A WELL-TOLD STORY… WILL COVID-19 TEACH US TO LISTEN TO A CITY?

Muzealnictwo ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 62 ◽  
pp. 163-172
Author(s):  
Michał Niezabitowski
Keyword(s):  
Visual Arts ◽  
Direct Contact ◽  
Technological Progress ◽  
Critical Discourse ◽  
Prose Poems ◽  
Strong Bond ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social Programme ◽  
At Home

As a result of the pandemic, in March 2020, world museology was cut off from the direct contact with their public. Owing to the introduced regulations, Polish museums were closed down on three occasions (14 March – 4 May 2020, 15 Oct 2020 – 31 Jan 2021, and 20 March – 4 May 2021). When searching for new forms of activity, in 2020, museums made an enormous technological progress, and mastered numerous new competences allowing them to move in cyberspace with ease. The pace at which they introduced various ‘online’ formats is worthy of appreciation. Presently, the time has come to ask whether the effectiveness in reaching the public via such means truly contributed to consolidating a strong bond with them. In order to get the answer to this, it is necessary to critically assess the museum efforts, which will not be possible without researching into the Polish public over that period. Wishing to voice my opinion in the critical discourse on the museums’ activity during the pandemic, I have decided to share my experience from a selected activity of the Museum of Krakow: I have presented the effects of the social Programme titled ‘Stay at Home and Tell Krakow’ (#zostanwdomuiopowiedzkrakow). The Museum created this programme convinced that a city dweller, exposed to the oppression of the pandemic will feel the urge to share his or her experience. Apparently, the appeal made by the Museum of Krakow was eagerly responded to. The Museum received ‘stories’ about the pandemic in different formats: prose, poems, diaries, visual arts, and even musical pieces and artifacts. The results of the ‘Stay at Home and Tell Krakow’ Programme are currently hard to sum up, however, what seems a valuable and worth analysing experience is the focus of residents’ attention on the Museum which they considered an institution trustworthy enough to entrust it their private, often intimate reflections on living through that challenging period.

Imagination and Art

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Swedberg
Keyword(s):  
Social Theory ◽  
Social Scientist ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Basic Knowledge ◽  
Social Scientists ◽  
The Arts ◽  
The Social ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

This chapter examines the role of imagination and the arts in helping social scientists to theorize well. However deep one's basic knowledge of social theory is, and however many concepts, mechanisms, and theories one knows, unless this knowledge is used in an imaginative way, the result will be dull and noncreative. A good research topic should among other things operate as an analogon—that is, it should be able to set off the theoretical imagination of the social scientist. Then, when a social scientist writes, he or she may want to write in such a way that the reader's theoretical imagination is stirred. Besides imagination, the chapter also discusses the relationship of social theory to art. There are a number of reason for this, including the fact that in modern society, art is perceived as the height of imagination and creativity.

scholarly journals Impact of inaccessible spaces on community participation of people with mobility limitations in Zambia

2014 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Martha Banda-Chalwe ◽  
Jennifer C. Nitz ◽  
Desleigh De Jonge
Keyword(s):  
Nominal Group Technique ◽  
Nominal Group ◽  
Mobility Limitations ◽  
Equal Rights ◽  
Group Discussions ◽  
Cultural Economic ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Social ◽  
Context Shape ◽  
Relationship Of

Background: The study investigated the perspective of people with mobility limitations (PWML) in Zambia, firstly of their accessibility to public buildings and spaces, and secondly of how their capacity to participate in a preferred lifestyle has been affected.Objectives: Firstly to provide insight into the participation experiences of PWML in the social, cultural, economic, political and civic life areas and the relationship of these with disability in Zambia. Secondly to establish how the Zambian disability context shape the experiences of participation by PWML.Method: A qualitative design was used to gather data from 75 PWML in five of the nine provinces of Zambia. Focus group discussions and personal interviews were used to examine the accessibility of the built environment and how this impacted on the whole family’s participation experiences. The nominal group technique was utilised to rank inaccessible buildings and facilities which posed barriers to opportunities in life areas and how this interfered with the whole family’s lifestyle.Results: Inaccessibility of education institutions, workplaces and spaces have contributed to reduced participation with negative implications for personal, family, social and economic aspects of the lives of participants. Government buildings, service buildings, and transportation were universally identified as most important but least accessible.Conclusion: Zambians with mobility limitations have been disadvantaged in accessing services and facilities provided to the public, depriving them and their dependants of full and equitable life participation because of reduced economic capacity. This study will assist in informing government of the need to improve environmental access to enable equal rights for all citizens.

Supervisory board process: Evidence from French public hospitals

2018 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 163-177 ◽  
Author(s):  
Radhoine Laouer
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Public Hospital ◽  
Supervisory Board ◽  
Public Hospitals ◽  
Board Structure ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Social ◽  
Supervisory Boards ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Use Of Knowledge

We mobilize theories of corporate governance and the theory of the social psychology of decision-making small groups to understand the operational process of the public hospital supervisory board. More precisely, we empirically test the mediation relationship of the decision-making process (effort norms, use of knowledge and skills, and conflict cognitive) between its structure (size, the composition, and diversity) and the performance of its roles (strategy, control, and service). A total of 320 questionnaires coming from members of the French public hospital supervisory board were collected. The aggregation of these individual answers generates a sample of 159 public hospital supervisory boards. The results of the tests of the assumptions of the research model confirm the fact that the structure of the supervisory board does not influence the performance of its roles. However, supervisory board effort norms positively affect the performance of its roles positively. Only effort norms and the use of knowledge and the skills partially play the role of mediator between the supervisory board structure and the performance of its roles. Practical and theoretical implications are exposed in the discussion.

scholarly journals Subjugated in the Creative Industries: The Fine Arts in Singapore

2011 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 119-137 ◽  
Author(s):  
Can-Seng Ooi
Keyword(s):  
Fine Arts ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Creative Industries ◽  
Work Place ◽  
Art World ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Arts ◽  
Art Practices ◽  
City State ◽  
The City

The arts and culture are considered core in a creative industries strategy. But the promotion of the creative industries brings about revised notions of creativity. These revised notions are being applied to the arts. Creativity is now seen to be largely manageable. All individuals are made to believe that they can be creative. Not only that, creativity is seen to be a money spinner. Workers should tap into their creativity and bring about innovations in the work place. Pupils are taught to tap into their creativity and to think outside the box. Such views on creativity galvanize the public and enthuse many people into the creative industries. Such notions of creativity contrast against the fine arts. Regardless, as this paper examines the situation in Singapore, shows that fine artists in the city-state are finding themselves internalizing a market logic and have tied their art practices to economic value. Fine arts practices will not be as lucrative or popular as their counterparts in the other creative businesses; they will remain poor cousins in the creative industries. Essentially, the fine arts are being subjugated in the creative industries and the Singaporean art world is being changed.

scholarly journals The Relationship of Online Discourse on the Values of Bitcoin and Ethereum

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gil Benchlouch
Keyword(s):  
General Term ◽  
Online Discourse ◽  
Significant Drop ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social Media Platforms ◽  
Insurance Firms ◽  
Positive Traits ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

With technology brazenly breaching through society’s barriers in countless diverse fields, the 21st century has revolutionized many age-old industries. One of the largest areas within society influenced by the progress of technology are the fields of finances, economy, and investment, coupled with the aspect of social influence. With this shift in society parallel to the advancement of contemporary technologies, thus becoming increasingly reliant on the tools made available, the complex yet traditional world of finance has pivoted, becoming contingent upon the use of cutting-edge technologies. This critical shift has introduced the world of Fintech, providing many innovative fiscal opportunities. The coined term, Fintech, is a general term referring to products as services for fiscal activities developed by entities unrelated to banks, insurance firms, nor online companies, providing alternatives to the traditional options available to the general public. (Gulamhuseinwala, Bull and Lewis, 2015). Resultantly of this Fintech trend, one of the largest and most promising fields of contemporary investment is recognized as that of Cryptocurrencies, with Bitcoin and Ethereum being the most recognized and heavily traded currencies. Many positive traits can be used to define the novelty of this new economy, with one of the main aspects being its peer to peer (P2P) nature of its trading process. However, beyond the tremendous advancements visible within the process of Cryptocurrency production and trade, one of the most important aspects is the influencers upon the valuation of the different currencies. Similarly to the progression of the economy which has transported the financial world to a digital economy, so has the social world, advancing discourse regarding many topics to the online environment. Thus, it is critical to analyze and assess the nature of online discourse regarding Cryptocurrencies. Explicitly, the chatter preceding to sharp rises and falls with Bitcoin and Ethereum, the most recognizable coins. Additionally, it is imperative to appraise the trends in the behavior and quantity of online discourse prior to a significant drop in Ethereum & Bitcoin.Within the online arena, there are countless different outlets and platforms for people to express themselves in general, or more importantly in this instance regarding the topic of Cryptocurrencies. By using platforms that are designated for discussion regarding financial topics or general social media platforms, the public is provided a critical platform utilized by countless individuals, many of whom are increasingly involved with the aforementioned topics. These platforms stipulate a stage for these individuals, who have become critical by voicing their opinions, thoughts, and experiences. Many of these influencers are sought after for their knowledge, specifically influencing the behavior of others. However, it is critical to evaluate the importance of additional aspects beyond the superficial such as who are the influencers, rather elements such as the content or nature of what is being discussed. Resultantly to trends of content, nature, and volume of what is being discussed in the online arena., people’s behavior regarding investments, specifically within Cryptocurrencies, are very possibly subjected to the influence of others, leading to rises and falls in coin valuation.

scholarly journals THE STUDY OF FEMINISM IN THE NOVEL NAYLA BY DJENAR MAESA AYU

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 27
Author(s):  
Ni Ketut Veri Kusumaningrum ◽  
I Wayan Rasna ◽  
Gde Artawan
Keyword(s):  
Narrative Structure ◽  
The Novel ◽  
The Public ◽  
Library Research ◽  
The Social ◽  
Show Business ◽  
The Status ◽  
Role Of Women ◽  
Relationship Of

This research aims to determine (1) the narrative structure of novel Nayla by Djenar Maesa Ayu, (2) the role of women figure in the novel Nayla by Djenar Maesa Ayu, (3) the struggle of women figure in the novel Nayla by Djenar Maesa Ayu. This research uses feminism study with qualitative research. The data was collected by using library research. The library method was used at finding out the data in the novel Nayla by Djenar Maesa Ayu and in other literature which supports this research. The analyzed data are narrative structure, the role of women figure and the struggle of women figure in the novel Nayla by Djenar Maesa Ayu. The data were analyzed through the stage of reduction, presentation and data collection. The subject of this research is the novel Nayla by Djenar Maesa Ayu, the object of this research is the narrative structure, the role of women figure and the struggle of women figure in the novel Nayla by Djenar Maesa Ayu. The result of this research refers to (1) The Narrative structure in the novel Nayla by Djenar Maesa Ayu was include figure, characterization, plot and background. (2) The role of women figure in the novel Nayla by Djenar Maesa Ayu was found in the social domain, domestic and public. (3) The struggle of women figure in the novel Nayla by Djenar Maesa Ayu was manifested by struggling in maintaining in the status as women, the struggle in maintaining the gender. The form of feminism was described in the novel Nayla as never surrender, not dependent to the parents, and behaves deviate. Novel Nayla to present the relationship of gender that leads to a superior. Novel Nayla as the main character show business to make a women who has the dignity of which is equivalent to the men. Based on the results of analysis and advice for women in order to improve the quality of the field of education, domestic, and the public so that gender equality can be achieved.

scholarly journals Relasi Muslim dan Nasrani Terkait Pendirian Gereja di Wilayah Perumahan Non-Dinas TNI Angkatan Laut di Driyorejo Gresik

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 237
Author(s):  
Kasno Kasno
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Values ◽  
Internal Control ◽  
Social System ◽  
Control Mechanism ◽  
Social Unrest ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Social ◽  
Functionalist Theory ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Religious Elements

This article examines the interfaith relation of Muslims and Christians in the process of establishment of churches in Perumahan Non-Dinas TNI Angkatan Laut in Driyorejo Gresik. The article concludes that the real inter-religious relation in Driyorejo is very good. It is characterized by a relationship of mutual respect and tolerance in order to implement the teachings of their respective religions in the area. This relationship functionally indicates that the process of adaptation is very good. The harmony of inter-religious relation contributes to the creation of an orderly and safe society. Social-religious elements can be integrated together to create a solid and unified society. The harmony can be achieved because their religious and cultural values of society emphasize the accommodation and tolerant attitude. The social problems associated with the establishment of churches in the Perumahan indeed could lead to social unrest. Borrowing structural-functionalist theory, it can be stated that systemic balance is likely to change because of the influence of extra system. The public unrest indicates that the system is experiencing instability. However, the social system has an internal control mechanism that can stabilize the system after disorder. In the case of the establishment of churches, the community tend to choose legal approach as a means of controlling or resolving conflict.

scholarly journals Henry Savile and the Elizabethan Court

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 32-60
Author(s):  
Alexandra Gajda
Keyword(s):  
Political Culture ◽  
The Other ◽  
Political Connections ◽  
The Political ◽  
The Public ◽  
Problematic Relationship ◽  
The Arts ◽  
Court Politics ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Earl Of Essex

Abstract This essay examines Henry Savile’s relationship with the Elizabethan and Jacobean court and the political culture of the period in which he lived. Particular attention is paid to the controversies surrounding Savile’s alleged connection to Robert Devereux, 2nd earl of Essex and the court politics of the 1590s, and variant interpretations scholars have made of the political significance of his historical scholarship. Savile’s Elizabethan literary remains demonstrate his persistent interest in the association between militarism and the arts of civil government, and the frequently problematic relationship of virtuous soldiers and statesmen to princely rulers. These concerns were shared by leading Elizabethan soldiers and statesmen, from the earl of Leicester, William Cecil, Lord Burghley, to the earl of Essex, and may have influenced the latter’s growing alienation from queen and court in the late 1590s. A broader comparison of Savile’s career with those of contemporary Merton scholars, however, confirms that he rejected the public careers pursued by other friends and colleagues. Savile’s political connections seem to have served his scholarly ambitions rather than the other way around, and after the rebellion of the earl of Essex he seems to have retreated from life at court.

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