Internal debates and international influences: the rise of Islamic radicalism in the 1990s

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Felicitas Becker
Keyword(s):  
Trade Liberalization ◽  
East Africa ◽  
Urban Economy ◽  
The Political ◽  
Religious Authority ◽  
Economic Changes ◽  
The World ◽  
Potential Basis ◽  
Formed Part ◽  
At Home

Although the synchronicity of the rise of Muslim radicalism in East Africa with similar phenomena in many parts of the world gives that radicalism the appearance of an unstoppable ideological tide, it is intricately connected to recent political and economic changes in Tanzania. It is shown that while the Ansar of Southeast Tanzania formed part of a transregional reformist current, their confrontational style and inflammatory rhetoric were directed against the specific conjunction of the political and religious authority they faced at home. The reformist debates and Muslim discontent in East Africa after independence are explained. In addition to the above, this chapter elaborates on the crisis of the urban economy and of the tarika. The parallelism of political and trade liberalization has made commercial strength a potential basis for the pursuance of political aims. It is difficult to present a conclusive account of the Ansar in Southeast Tanzania, since their role is still unfolding. The attack on Muslim notables and their relations with government are illustrated. The proactive and calculated response of the authorities to the actions of the Ansar indicates that Tanzanian politicians take the provinces more seriously than is immediately apparent to the outside observer.

Introduction

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-30
Author(s):  
William Ghosh
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Intellectual History ◽  
Caribbean Region ◽  
The Political ◽  
The World ◽  
Colonial Experience ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
Formed Part ◽  
Historical Past

V.S. Naipaul is one of the most internationally acclaimed twentieth-century writers from the Caribbean region. Yet it is usually assumed that he was neither much influenced by the Caribbean literary and intellectual tradition, nor very influential upon it. This chapter argues that these assumptions are wrong. It situates Naipaul’s life and work within the political, social, and intellectual history of the twentieth-century Caribbean. Naipaul’s work formed part of a larger historical debate about the sociology of slavery in the Caribbean, the specificity of Caribbean colonial experience, and the influence of that historical past on Caribbean life, culture, and politics after independence. The chapter closes with a reading of Naipaul’s late, retrospective book about Trinidad, A Way in the World.

scholarly journals Bringing Pankaj Ghemawat to Africa: Measuring African economic integration

2016 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 82-102
Author(s):  
Adrian David Saville ◽  
Lyall White
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
East Africa ◽  
Economic Integration ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Survey Period ◽  
Human Welfare ◽  
Economic Changes ◽  
The World ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities

A wealth of literature dealing with trade liberalisation, capital market liberalisation, labour mobility and related issues concerning globalisation asserts that economies that are more integrated with the global economy and, more specifically with their neighbours, tend to enjoy higher sustained levels of growth. Empirical evidence with solid quantitative findings recently conducted by Pankaj Ghemawat has confirmed that more ‘open and connected’ economies display higher rates of economic growth, higher per capita income levels and greater levels of human welfare. Against this backdrop, it is notable that the available evidence – whilst incomplete – suggests that African economies are amongst the least integrated in the world. Given that integration and connectedness matter, and that there are material gaps in the evaluation of integration for African economies, it is important to develop better measures of African economies’ connectedness with their neighbours and with the world, how this connectedness is evolving and establish more comprehensive and robust means of economic integration compared to those historically available. Using Ghemawat’s framework, which measures flows of trade, capital, information and people (TCIP) to determine connectedness, we develop the Visa Africa integration index to provide a more comprehensive and detailed gauge of economic integration for 11 African countries in three clusters: East Africa, West Africa and Southern Africa. The index results suggest that African economies are emerging off a modest base, with some economies demonstrating progressive structural improvements toward higher levels of integration with their respective regions and the world. East Africa, in particular, shows signs of rising connectedness over the survey period. The index also illustrates that some countries are more integrated globally than regionally and vice versa, which is important information for policy makers toward improving deeper and broader integration in their respective regions. The index builds on previous research in the broad area of integration and helps us better understand the challenges and opportunities presented by Africa’s economic changes and some of the implications for economic growth.

scholarly journals The Great Political and Economic Changes in the World After the Drastic Changes in Eastern Europe: Why Did China Stand Out in the Turbulent World?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haoxuan Yu
Keyword(s):  
Eastern Europe ◽  
The Political ◽  
Economic Changes ◽  
Development Path ◽  
New Development ◽  
The World

This paper analyzes the political and economic changes in the world after the drastic changes in eastern Europe, starting with Chinese President Xi Jinping's viewpoint "the biggest change in a century". Also, the new international situation and new development in the post-epidemic as well as the development path and direction of China in the post-epidemicera are expected.

6. Regional Trade Agreements

2020 ◽  
pp. 140-174
Author(s):  
John Ravenhill
Keyword(s):  
Political Economy ◽  
Trade Liberalization ◽  
World Trade ◽  
Trade Agreements ◽  
Regional Trade Agreements ◽  
The Political ◽  
Regional Trade ◽  
The World ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Economic Considerations

This chapter assesses regional trade agreements (RTAs). The number of RTAs has grown rapidly since the World Trade Organization (WTO) came into existence in 1995. Roughly one-half of world trade is now conducted within these preferential trade arrangements, the most significant exception to the WTO's principle of non-discrimination. Governments have entered regional economic agreements motivated by a variety of political and economic considerations. They may prefer trade liberalization on a regional rather than a global basis for several reasons. The chapter then reviews the political economy of regionalism: why RTAs are established; which actors are likely to support regional rather than global trade liberalization; the effects that regionalism has had on the trade and welfare of members and non-members; and the relationship between liberalization at the regional and global levels.

Challenges Ahead

2012 ◽  
pp. 291-303
Keyword(s):  
Systems Thinking ◽  
Emerging Economies ◽  
The Political ◽  
Economic Changes ◽  
The World ◽  
Comparative Advantages ◽  
Consumer Values ◽  
Manufactured Goods

This chapter discusses challenges among the transforming business cultures that are emerging across the world. Globalization has increased the access to the markets as the remote markets have been reduced following the political and economic changes worldwide. It is emphasized in the chapter that the globalization moves have opened up high comparative advantages in many manufactured goods through partnership deals to explore the business in the emerging economies. They generally display an increasing specialization trend and high consumer values. This chapter offers guidelines on improving the competencies and capabilities of firms using systems thinking approaches are argues that modernization, systematization, and consolidation significantly influence in driving firms competitive.

The Invisible Violence of Celebrity Humanitarianism: Soft Images and Hard Words in the Making and Unmaking of Africa

2009 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Riina Yrjölä
Keyword(s):  
World Bank ◽  
World Order ◽  
The Political ◽  
The West ◽  
Power Politics ◽  
Economic Changes ◽  
Extreme Poverty ◽  
Humanitarian Action ◽  
The World ◽  
Truth Claims

Through their actions to eliminate extreme poverty and preventable diseases in Africa, Irish musicians Robert (Bob) Geldof and Bono (Paul David Hewson) today form a visible and celebrated centre in the world of humanitarianism as ‘political activists,' ‘celebrity diplomats,' ‘global Samaritans,' men who, to quote former World Bank President Paul Wolfowitz, ‘rock the establishment' (TIME 13.11.2006). Their contemporary calls to ‘make poverty history' in Africa are so widely repeated and commonsensical that questions about the exceptionality of this humanitarian action itself rarely arise. In fact, despite the increasing visibility of celebrity humanitarianism, no research on their representations and truth-claims has been done among political scientists.By broadening the concept of the political to include the ‘low' politics of celebrities, specifically their discourses, practices, ideals and world constructions, the aim of this article is to critically examine how Bob Geldof and Bono – the two most visible and celebrated Western spokespersons acting on behalf of Africa – constitute ‘Africa' in their representations not only as a place, but also as serving purpose in the world system.The article argues that, while Geldof and Bono do push for economic changes for Africa, the spatio-temporality of their imaginaries and interpretations on Africa elaborate a colonial imaginary by (re)producing Africa as a specifically Western project and calling. By repeating and circulating the vocabulary of humanitarianism as a moral duty in combination with the engagement in power politics, these discourses not only serve a purpose in the maintenance of hegemonic Western activity in Africa, but are also instrumental in constructing consensus for the existing world order, where the global South is, and remains, in a subordinate position to the West.

Britain and the Crisis

1948 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-75
Author(s):  
Bernard Wall
Keyword(s):  
Economic Crisis ◽  
World Wide ◽  
The Political ◽  
Political Situation ◽  
The World ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Many ◽  
Partisan Review ◽  
At Home

It seems impossible to sort out where all the many strands in British life are leading just now, or to forecast the political future of the country. Too much depends on outside influences. There is the world-wide question of the future of relations between America and Russia. There is the question of what way continental Europe will turn in the next year or two. There is the appalling complication of the economic crisis. The political situation at home and abroad is still a fluid one.Some American readers may have read a “London Letter” by Arthur Koesder to the Partisan Review which appeared some months ago. Koestler, with all his ability for penetrating and destructive criticism, called England an island of “virtue and gloom.” This is an impression many people now get when they compare England with continental countries in many ways far worse off, such as France or Italy.

Teachers and Traders

2020 ◽  
pp. 107-156
Author(s):  
Adam Sutcliffe
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
French Revolution ◽  
Western Society ◽  
The Political ◽  
Special Role ◽  
Close Attention ◽  
Economic Changes ◽  
The Core ◽  
The World ◽  
The Future

This chapter pays close attention to the nineteenth century when philosophical abstraction was displaced as the core of thinking on Jewish purpose in an effort to make sense of the dramatic social, political and economic changes of the era. It talks about how Jews became the key case to political reforms once they were brought into the political mainstream in the wake of the French Revolution. It also analyzes how both Jewish and non-Jewish thinkers in the nineteenth century cast Jews as the bearers of a special role in leading Western society to its developmental destiny. The chapter describes the ways in which Jews proudly presented themselves as cosmopolitans, morally lofty teachers, or ethnically superior builders of the future. It reviews claims that Jews had a vital mission to perform in the world, which found wide readerships among non-Jews that resonated with the admiration for the fortitude of the Hebraic tradition in the writings of non-Jewish thinkers.

Reorientating European Imperialism: How Ottomanism Went Global

2016 ◽  
Vol 56 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 290-316 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isa Blumi
Keyword(s):  
World War I ◽  
The Political ◽  
World War ◽  
The Urals ◽  
Economic Changes ◽  
The World ◽  
Western Imperialism ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Way

Scholars have long studied Western imperialism through the prism of pre-World War I literature and journalism. Characterizing this literature as Orientalist has become programmatic and predictable. The sometimes rigid analysis of this literature often misses, however, the contested dynamics within. This is especially the case with analyses of Ottoman contributions to the rise of a Western colonialist ethos – orientalism, imperialism, and racism – reflecting the political, structural, and economic changes that directly impacted the world. Essentially, colonial pretensions – servicing the ambitions of European imperialism at the expense of peoples in the ‘Orient’ – were articulated at a time when patriotic Ottomans, among others, were pushing back against colonialism. This article explores the possibility that such a response, usefully framed as Ottomanism, contributed regularly to the way peoples interacted in the larger context of a contentious exchange between rival imperialist projects. What is different here is that some articulations of Ottomanism were proactive rather than reactive. In turn, some of the Orientalism that has become synonymous with studies about the relationship between Europe, the Americas, and the peoples “East of the Urals” may have been a response to these Ottomanist gestures.


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