Islam and the ‘Great Divergence’: The Case of the Moroccan Marīnid Empire, 1269–1465 CE

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maya Shatzmiller
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Population Growth ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Capital Formation ◽  
Legal Institutions ◽  
Economic Decline ◽  
New Crops ◽  
Northern Atlantic ◽  
Great Divergence

Marīnid Morocco is intriguing because it displays an economic efflorescence and a political and military drive similar to the northern Atlantic empires at a moment when Islamic societies are assumed to have been in a period of economic decline. This chapter applies recent theories on economic growth in pre-industrialised societies to the Marīnid case in order to revisit this assumption of decline. It provides evidence of population growth, increased urbanisation, new crops and new technologies in agriculture, greater manufacturing capacity, strong institutions, in particular legal institutions, trade and capital formation, both physical and human. It then surveys the structural changes in the Maghribī and Mediterranean economies to see how they were linked to Moroccan developments and uses the evidence and analysis presented to question the representation of an uninterrupted economic decline in premodern Islamic societies and the ‘great divergence’ thesis.

scholarly journals Structure of Technological Dynamics and Economic Growth of Russia

Federalism ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 5-25
Author(s):  
O. S. Sukharev
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Technological Development ◽  
Russian Economy ◽  
Technological Structure ◽  
Innovative Products ◽  
Technological Modernization ◽  
Technological Effectiveness

The slowdown in Russia’s economic growth to the “covid crisis”, as well as the possibility of restoring growth and forming a new model of it, are associated with the need to overcome structural constraints. Moreover, the plans for the recovery of the Russian economy note the need not only for a stimulating macroeconomic policy, but also for the implementation of structural changes through technological renewal. However, technological modernization is highly dependent on the existing mode of technological development – the current and future demand for new technologies. The implementation of the country’s technological development strategy requires an assessment of the existing technological structure with a measurement of its reaction to ongoing investments in support of obsolete and emergence of new technologies. Different sectors of the economy and its regions, having a different set of technologies and their structure, show a different level of manufacturability, which is understood as the ratio of the volume of innovative to non-innovative products. The sensitivity of this parameter to investments in new and outdated technologies is also different, which cannot be taken into account in the formation of investment and technological development policies for both individual regions and Russia as a whole. Using structural and regression analysis, this study provides a picture of the structure of the technological Russian economy. It is shown that technological modernization also involves the movement of resources in the sectoral and regional context in order to eliminate structural and technological imbalances in development. Investment policy should be reduced not only to increasing investments, but also to managing their structure in conjunction with replacing old technologies in order to level and improve the overall manufacturability. This will require solving the promising problem of increasing the sensitivity of manufacturability to investments in new technologies. In the long term, this approach will make it possible to single out the modes of regional technological development, not only ranking regions in terms of sensitivity to new and old technologies, but also developing a selective set of regional policy measures.Keywords: “covid crisis”, economic growth, industrialization, investments, structural changes, structural dynamics, technologies, technological effectiveness of the regional economy.

scholarly journals PENGARUH REMITANSI TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN EKONOMI LIMA NEGARA BERKEMBANG DI ASEAN (2005-2016)

2021 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-27
Author(s):  
Christopher Reynaldo Romlin
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Population Growth ◽  
Control Variable ◽  
Household Consumption ◽  
Capital Formation ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Fixed Capital ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Fixed Capital Formation

This study aims to identify the effect of remittances on economic growth. The objects used in this study are five ASEAN countries, namely Indonesia, Cambodia, the Philippines, Vietnam, and Thailand, for the period 2005 to 2016. There are other variables, namely gross fixed capital formation, household consumption expenditure, trade, and population growth which are used as control variable in this model. This study uses a quantitative approach and panel data methods. As a result, there are significant and negative effects on remittances: significant and positive effects on gross fixed capital formation, significant and positive effects on household consumption expenditures, significant and positive effects on trade, and significant and negative effects on population growth on economic growth in five countries. ASEAN.

scholarly journals The Impact of Foreign Direct Investment on Economic Growth in Malaysia

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 25
Author(s):  
Masturah Ma’in ◽  
Siti Sarah Mat Isa
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Foreign Direct Investment ◽  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Population Growth ◽  
Direct Investment ◽  
Capital Formation ◽  
Fixed Capital ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Fixed Capital Formation ◽  
The Impact

This study analyzes the impact of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) on economic growth in Malaysia. The Auto-Regressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) method is used to investigate the long-run relationship between FDI and economic growth. The controlled variables are life expectancy, gross fixed capital formation and population growth. The bound test suggests that FDI, life expectancy, gross fixed capital formation and population growth have a long-run relationship with economic growth. This is supported by the significant correction term, which confirms the existence of a long-run relationship. However, as FDI, life expectancy and gross fixed capital formation have positive impact on Malaysia’s economic growth, population on the other hand, shows otherwise.

scholarly journals Does regional trade promote economic growth? Evidence from Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS)

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 131-147 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agwu Sunday Okoro ◽  
Augustine Ujunwa ◽  
Farida Umar ◽  
Angela Ukemenam
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Exchange Rate ◽  
Population Growth ◽  
Unemployment Rate ◽  
Capital Formation ◽  
West African ◽  
Economic Community ◽  
Regional Trade ◽  
Member States ◽  
Content Type

PurposeThis paper examines the impact of regional and non-regional trade on economic growth using annual data from Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) member countries for the period 2007 to 2017.Design/methodology/approachTrade data were decomposed into regional (trade among ECOWAS Member States) and non-regional (trade between ECOWAS Member States and the rest of the world). We used the dynamic system GMM to estimate the models and introduced exchange rate, unemployment rate, population growth and gross capital formation as controlled variables.FindingsThe results revealed that the estimated coefficient of ECOWAS regional trade is statistically significant and positive in predicting growth, while the non-regional trade coefficient is negative and not statistically significant in predicting growth. Other predictors of growth introduced into the model as controlled variables, such as exchange rate, unemployment rate, population growth and gross capital formation, displayed mixed results. More importantly, population growth, unemployment and exchange rate depreciation hurt economic growth, while gross capital formation promotes economic growth.Practical implicationsThe findings provide strong support in favour of the Krugman (1991) hypothesis that regional trade agreements (RTAs) are a better alternative to global trade.Originality/valueOur decision to disaggregate ECOWAS trade is unique and influenced largely by the objective of the study, which is to establish the type of ECOWAS trade that is a good predictor of growth. The evidence from our findings support the theory that RTAs are a better catalyst to economic growth.

scholarly journals PENGARUH VARIABEL EKONOMI MAKRO TERHADAP PEMBIAYAAN PERBANKAN SYARIAH PERIODE 2010-2018

2021 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-33
Author(s):  
Mirza Zulfikar Hisbul Rachman ◽  
Mintarti Ariani ◽  
Eko Suwardyono
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Population Growth ◽  
Control Variable ◽  
Household Consumption ◽  
Capital Formation ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Fixed Capital ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Fixed Capital Formation

This study aims to identify the effect of remittances on economic growth. The objects used in this study are five ASEAN countries, namely Indonesia, Cambodia, the Philippines, Vietnam, and Thailand, for the period 2005 to 2016. There are other variables, namely gross fixed capital formation, household consumption expenditure, trade, and population growth which are used as control variable in this model. This study uses a quantitative approach and panel data methods. As a result, there are significant and negative effects on remittances: significant and positive effects on gross fixed capital formation, significant and positive effects on household consumption expenditures, significant and positive effects on trade, and significant and negative effects on population growth on economic growth in five countries. ASEAN.

Economic Growth: New Problems and New Risks

2006 ◽  
pp. 20-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Ershov
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Foreign Exchange ◽  
Driving Force ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Rate Of Growth

The economic growth, which is underway in Russia, raises new questions to be addressed. How to improve the quality of growth, increasing the role of new competitive sectors and transforming them into the driving force of growth? How can progressive structural changes be implemented without hampering the rate of growth in general? What are the main external and internal risks, which may undermine positive trends of development? The author looks upon financial, monetary and foreign exchange aspects of the problem and comes up with some suggestions on how to make growth more competitive and sustainable.

Economic Growth and Macro Variables in India: An Empirical Study

2015 ◽  
pp. 42-59
Author(s):  
Saba Ismail ◽  
Shahid Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Trade Openness ◽  
Capital Formation ◽  
Gdp Growth ◽  
Fdi Inflows ◽  
Domestic Capital ◽  
The Government ◽  
Macro Variables ◽  
Determinants Of Economic Growth

The research objective of this paper is to explore the empirical linkages between economic growth and foreign direct investment (FDI), gross fixed capital formation (GFCF) and trade openness in India (TOP) over the period 1980 to 2013. The study reveals a positive relationship between economic growth and FDI, GFCF and TOP. This study establishes a strong unidirectional causal flow from changes in FDI, trade openness and capital formation to the economic growth rates of India. The impulse response function traces the positive influence of these macro variables on the GDP growth rates of India. The study also reveals that the volatility of GDP growth rates in India is mainly attributed to the variation in the level of GFCF and FDI. The study concludes that the FDI inflows and the size of capital formation are the main determinants of economic growth. In view of this, it is expected that the government of India should provide more policy focus on promoting FDI inflows and domestic capital formations to increase its economic growth in the long-term.

Structural changes and the region's economic growth

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (9) ◽  
pp. 1610-1624
Author(s):  
V.G. Zaretskaya ◽  
◽  
K.V. Tokareva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Structural Changes

Victor S. D'Souza. Development Planning and Structural Inequalities: The Response of the Underprivileged. New Delhi: Sage Publications 1990. Pages 206 + Index. Price: Rs 180 (Hardbound).

1991 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 313-317
Author(s):  
Ziaul Haque
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Social Structure ◽  
Social Transformation ◽  
Social Inequalities ◽  
Census Data ◽  
Development Planning ◽  
Capital Formation ◽  
Indian Society ◽  
The Social

Deveiopment planning in India, as in other developing countries, has generally been aimed at fostering an industrially-oriented policy as the engine of economic growth. This one-sided economic development, which results in capital formation, creation of urban elites, and underprivileged social classes of a modern society, has led to distortions in the social structure as a whole. On the contrary, as a result of this uneven economic development, which is narrowly measured in terms of economic growth and capital formation, the fruits of development have gone to the people according to their economic power and position in the social structure: those occupying higher positions benefiting much more than those occupying the lower ones. Thus, development planning has tended to increase inequalities and has sharpened divisive tendencies. Victor S. D'Souza, an eminent Indian sociologist, utilizing the Indian census data of 1961, 1971, and 1981, examines the problem of structural inequality with particular reference to the Indian Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes - the two most underprivileged sections of the present Indian society which, according to the census of 1981, comprised 15.75 percent and 7.76 percent of India's population respectively. Theoretically, he takes the concept of development in a broad sense as related to the self-fulfIlment of the individual. The transformation of the unjust social structure, the levelling down of glaring economic and social inequalities, and the concern for the development of the underprivileged are for the author the basic elements of a planned development. This is the theoretical perspective of the first chapter, "Development Planning and Social Transformation".

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