scholarly journals Sensory Substitution and Perceptual Learning

2018 ◽  
pp. 236-250
Author(s):  
Kevin Connolly
Keyword(s):  
Perceptual Learning ◽  
Perceptual Experience ◽  
Empirical Test ◽  
Perceptual System ◽  
Sensory Substitution ◽  
Extensive Literature ◽  
Philosophical Question ◽  
Philosophical Debate ◽  
Sense Modality

When a user integrates a sensory substitution device into her life, the process involves perceptual learning, that is, ‘relatively long-lasting changes to an organism’s perceptual system that improve its ability to respond to its environment’. In this chapter, I explore ways in which the extensive literature on perceptual learning can be applied to help improve sensory substitution devices. I then use these findings to answer a philosophical question. Much of the philosophical debate surrounding sensory substitution devices concerns what happens after perceptual learning occurs. In particular, should the resultant perceptual experience be classified in the substituted modality (as vision), in the substituting modality (as auditory or tactile), or in a new sense modality? I propose a novel empirical test to help resolve this philosophical debate.

Learned Attention II

2019 ◽  
pp. 101-126
Author(s):  
Kevin Connolly
Keyword(s):  
Perceptual Learning ◽  
Learning Experience ◽  
Sensory Substitution ◽  
Philosophical Question ◽  
Integration Process ◽  
Sense Modality ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Way

This chapter explores the relationship between sensory substitution devices and the training of attention. Sensory substitution devices, typically used by the blind, deliver information about the environment by converting the information normally received through one sense (e.g., vision) into information for another sense (e.g., audition or touch). When a user integrates a sensory substitution device into her life, the integration process involves perceptual learning. This chapter explores two questions. First, in what ways can sensory substitution illuminate how the training of attention works more generally? Second, how does knowledge of the way attention is trained in perceptual learning help us to better understand sensory substitution? The chapter draws on findings in these areas to answer a philosophical question: Should the post-perceptual learning experience be classified in the substituted modality (e.g., as vision), in the substituting modality (e.g., as auditory or tactile), or in a new sense modality?

Seeing with the Tongue: Sight through Other Means

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Paterson
Keyword(s):  
Conceptual Framework ◽  
Sensory Substitution ◽  
Optical Information ◽  
Sense Modality ◽  
Original Question ◽  
The 1960S

Can a conceptual framework developed to theorize one sense modality generalise to transfers between other modalities? Expanding from the formulation of Molyneux’s original question about vision and touch, or eyes and hands, this chapter concerns research in the technology of sensory substitution. Paul Bach-y-Rita has experimented since the 1960s with his TVSS (Tactile-Visual Sensory Substitution) devices which transcode optical information from a camera feed onto the surface of the tongue and the back. Recent examples such as the BrainPort™ by WICAB (a spinoff of Bach-Y-Rita’s lab) leads to insights into the nature of ‘seeing’, extends the Molyneux problem into more recent technological territory, and speaks to the possibilities of cross-modal perception raised throughout the book.

Prices on the Internet

2010 ◽  
pp. 36-45
Author(s):  
Jihui Chen
Keyword(s):  
Price Dispersion ◽  
Future Research ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Extensive Literature ◽  
Price Information ◽  
Internet Pricing ◽  
Online Retailers ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Future Research Directions

In the pre-Internet era, consumers relied on media such as Sunday newspapers and flyers for product and price information. Such a search process is time-consuming and unlikely to be exhaustive. Existence of incomplete information has been shown to lead to price dispersion (Stigler, 1961). Recent advances in information technology have dramatically changed the manner by which consumers and businesses gather and transmit information. With a few mouse-clicks, consumers are able to compare price information from a wide range of vendors. With the advent of the Internet, especially the introduction of price comparison sites or shopbots, competition among online retailers escalates and we might expect prices to converge in the new economy. However, substantially decreased transaction cost has apparently not led to online price convergence. An extensive literature on Internet pricing has documented persistent price dispersion in online markets. In this chapter, I review price dispersion and related literatures, and discuss future research directions.

Perceptual Learning beyond Philosophy of Mind

2019 ◽  
pp. 209-218
Author(s):  
Kevin Connolly
Keyword(s):  
Speech Perception ◽  
Philosophy Of Science ◽  
Perceptual Learning ◽  
Philosophy Of Mind ◽  
Natural Kind ◽  
Color Perception ◽  
Social Philosophy ◽  
Sensory Substitution ◽  
Multisensory Perception ◽  
Major Focus

The concluding chapter argues that perceptual learning has relevance for philosophy far beyond philosophy of mind—in epistemology, philosophy of science, and social philosophy, among other domains. The goal of this chapter is to extend one major focus of the book, which is to identify the scope of perceptual learning. Chapters 3 through 7 argued that perceptual learning occurs in all sorts of domains in the philosophy of mind, including natural kind recognition, sensory substitution, multisensory perception, speech perception, and color perception. This chapter extends that scope beyond philosophy of mind and offers some initial sketches of ways in which we can apply knowledge of perceptual learning to those domains.

scholarly journals Expert Knowledge by Perception

Philosophy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 95 (3) ◽  
pp. 309-335 ◽  
Author(s):  
Madeleine Ransom
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Study ◽  
Perceptual Learning ◽  
Perceptual Experience ◽  
Expert Knowledge ◽  
Background Knowledge ◽  
Perceptual Expertise ◽  
Epistemic Status

AbstractDoes the scope of beliefs that people can form on the basis of perception remain fixed, or can it be amplified with learning? The answer to this question is important for our understanding of why and when we ought to trust experts, and also for assessing the plausibility of epistemic foundationalism. The empirical study of perceptual expertise suggests that experts can indeed enrich their perceptual experiences through learning. Yet this does not settle the epistemic status of their beliefs. One might hold that the background knowledge of experts is the cause of their enriched perceptual experience – what is known as cognitive permeation – and so their subsequent beliefs are only mediately justified because they are epistemically dependent on this background knowledge. I argue against this view. Perceptual expertise is not the result of cognitive permeation but is rather the result of perceptual learning, and perceptual learning does not involve cognition in a way that entails cognitive permeation. Perceptual expertise thus provides a means of widening the scope of the immediately justified beliefs that experts can form.

An Interactive Test of Color and Contour Perception by Artists and Non-Artists

Leonardo ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 197-202 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dorothy K. Washburn
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Test ◽  
Perceptual System ◽  
Contour Perception ◽  
Negative Space ◽  
Basic Features

The author explores Richard Latto's proposition that art com-municates effectively because art-ists manipulate basic features of form that the human perceptual system has evolved to detect. She offers an empirical test of the correlated proposition-that view-ers of art use these same fea-tures to assess art. The author presents the results of an experi-ment in which both artists and non-artists were asked to discern and draw shapes in patterns de-fined by iterating dots. She finds that both groups used color in the case of positive shape and form edge in the case of negative space, thereby confirming that both makers and viewers of art fo-cus on the same kinds of features to recognize and assess form.

scholarly journals Crossmodal Perceptual Learning and Sensory Substitution

i-Perception ◽  
10.1068/ic745 ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 2 (8) ◽  
pp. 745-745
Author(s):  
Michael J Proulx
Keyword(s):  
Perceptual Learning ◽  
Sensory Substitution

Perceptual Media, Glass and Mirrors

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vivian Mizrahi
Keyword(s):  
Visual Media ◽  
Perceptual System ◽  
Perceptual Process ◽  
Sense Organs ◽  
General Account

In this chapter, I argue that perceptual media like air or water are imperceptible. I show that, despite their lack of phenomenological features, perceptual media crucially affect what we see by selecting what is perceptually available to the perceiver. In the second part of the chapter, I argue that mirrors are visual media like air, water, and glass. According to this account, mirrors are transparent and invisible and cannot therefore have a distinctive look or appearance. In the last part of the chapter, I extend the general account of perceptual media to the sense organs themselves by showing that perceptual media not only include external entities causally involved in the perceptual process but also comprise the perceptual system itself.

Willingness to adopt e-procurement to reduce corruption

2014 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 500-520 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arjun Neupane ◽  
Jeffrey Soar ◽  
Kishor Vaidya ◽  
Jianming Yong
Keyword(s):  
Latent Variables ◽  
Empirical Test ◽  
Public Procurement ◽  
Extensive Literature ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Willingness To Adopt ◽  
The Government ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Impact

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to report on research that evaluates the perceived willingness of potential bidders to adopt public e-procurement for the supply of goods and services to the government of Nepal. The authors have identified anti-corruption attributes through an extensive literature review and developed a theoretical model representing the impact of four latent variables, monopoly of power, information asymmetry, trust and transparency and accountability on the dependent variable, the intent-to-adopt e-procurement (ITA). Design/methodology/approach – Data for this research were obtained by the use of a questionnaire survey of bidders who were officially registered with the Government of Nepal. As part of the fieldwork for this research, the first author collected the perceptions of 220 bidders regarding the potential of public e-procurement to reduce corruption in public procurement processes. Findings – The findings suggest that a high level of the ITA has a positive and significant relationship with the independent variables that might inform the developed and emerging countries to make a decision to adoption of e-procurement to combat corruption in public procurement. Research limitations/implications – This study has some limitations that should be taken into consideration. The evaluation of anti-corruption factors, as they affect the willingness of users to adopt e-procurement on the bidder’s perception research model is relatively new to e-procurement research. A limitation of the research was that it gathered and analyzed data from a single country with a limited number of respondents. More research is needed to identify the anti-corruption factors of e-procurement in reducing corruption, and also need strong empirical test to valid the factors that influence the adoption of e-procurement. Originality/value – This study aimed to contribute to the academic scholar, government agencies and public procurement practitioner in enhancing their understanding of the perceived anti-corruption factors of public e-procurement to reduce corruption.

scholarly journals Sensory Substitution and Multimodal Mental Imagery

Perception ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 46 (9) ◽  
pp. 1014-1026 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bence Nanay
Keyword(s):  
Mental Imagery ◽  
Special Form ◽  
Sensory Stimulation ◽  
Tactile Perception ◽  
Sensory Substitution ◽  
Visual Mental Imagery ◽  
Sense Modality ◽  
The Senses

Many philosophers use findings about sensory substitution devices in the grand debate about how we should individuate the senses. The big question is this: Is “vision” assisted by (tactile) sensory substitution really vision? Or is it tactile perception? Or some sui generis novel form of perception? My claim is that sensory substitution assisted “vision” is neither vision nor tactile perception, because it is not perception at all. It is mental imagery: visual mental imagery triggered by tactile sensory stimulation. But it is a special form of mental imagery that is triggered by corresponding sensory stimulation in a different sense modality, which I call “multimodal mental imagery.”

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