scholarly journals Food Access and Cardiovascular Outcomes in Metropolitan Atlanta Census Tracts With Residents at Low Risk and High Risk of Cardiovascular Disease: The Morehouse–Emory Cardiovascular Center for Health Equity Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shakeria Cohen ◽  
Fengxia Yan ◽  
Herman Taylor ◽  
Mario Sims ◽  
Chaohua Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Health Equity ◽  
Food Access ◽  
Cardiovascular Outcomes ◽  
Low Risk ◽  
Census Tracts ◽  
Cardiovascular Center

scholarly journals Very similar cardiometabolic profile in the moderate and high cardiovascular risk classes: a population-based study

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
M Chlabicz ◽  
J Jamolkowski ◽  
W Laguna ◽  
P Sowa ◽  
M Paniczko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Low Risk ◽  
Public Institution ◽  
Population Based Study ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Cardiometabolic Profile

Abstract Funding Acknowledgements Type of funding sources: Public Institution(s). Main funding source(s): Medical University of Bialystok, Poland Background Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a major, worldwide problem and remain the dominant cause of premature mortality in the word. Simultaneously the metabolic syndrome is a growing problem. The aim of this study was to investigate the cardiometabolic profile among cardiovascular risk classes, and to estimate CV risk using various calculators. Methods The longitudinal, population-based study, was conducted in 2017-2020. A total of 931 individuals aged 20-79 were included. Anthropometric and biochemical profiles were measured according to a standardized protocols. The study population was divided into CV risk classes according to the latest recommendation. Comparisons variables between subgroups were conducted using Dwass-Steele-Critchlow-Fligner test. To estimate CV risk were used: the  Systematic Coronary Risk Estimation system, Framingham Risk Score and LIFEtime-perspective model for individualizing CardioVascular Disease prevention strategies in apparently healthy people (LIFE-CVD). Results The mean age was 49.1± 15.5 years, 43.2% were male. Percentages of low-risk, moderate-risk, high-risk and very-high CV risk were 46.1%, 22.8%, 13.5%, 17.6%, respectively. Most of the analyzed anthropometric, body composition and laboratory parameters did not differ between the moderate and high CV risk participants, whereas the low risk group differed significantly. In the moderate and high-risk groups, abdominal distribution of adipose tissue dominated with significantly elevated parameters of insulin resistance. Interestingly, estimating lifetime risk of myocardial infarction, stroke or CV death using LIFE-CVD calculator yielded similar results in moderate and high CV risk classes. Conclusion The participants belonging to moderate and high CV risk classes have a very similar unfavorable cardiometabolic profile which may result in the similar lifetime CV risk. This may imply the need for more aggressive pharmacological and non-pharmacological management of CV risk factors in the moderate CV risk population. It would be advisable to consider combining the moderate and high risk classes into one high CV risk class, or it may be worth adding one of the parameters of abdominal fat distribution to the CV risk calculators as an expression of increased insulin resistance. Abstract Figure 1.

Abstract 187: Cardiac Arrest Incidence, Bystander Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Rates, and Community Characteristics Differ by High and Low Risk Areas

Circulation ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 140 (Suppl_2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca Cash ◽  
Madison K Rivard ◽  
Eric Cortez ◽  
David Keseg ◽  
Ashish Panchal
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Arrest ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation ◽  
Low Risk ◽  
Poverty Level ◽  
Community Characteristics ◽  
Franklin County ◽  
Census Tracts ◽  
Bystander Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation ◽  
Risk Areas

Introduction: Survival from out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) has significant variation which may be due to differing rates of bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation (BCPR). Defining and understanding the community characteristics of high-risk areas (census tracts with low BCPR rates and high OHCA incidence) can help inform novel interventions to improve outcomes. Our objectives were to identify high and low risk census tracts in Franklin County, Ohio and to compare the OHCA incidence, BCPR rates, and community characteristics. Methods: This was a cross-sectional analysis of OHCA events treated by Columbus Division of Fire in Franklin County, Ohio from the Cardiac Arrest Registry to Enhance Survival between 1/1/2010-12/31/2017. Included cases were 18 and older, with a cardiac etiology OHCA in a non-healthcare setting, with EMS resuscitation attempted. After geocoding to census tracts, Local Moran’s I and quartiles were used to determine clustering in high risk areas based on spatial Empirical Bayes smoothed rates. Community characteristics, from the 2014 American Community Survey, were compared between high and low risk areas. Results: From the 3,841 included OHCA cases, the mean adjusted OHCA incidence per census tract was 0.67 per 1,000 with a mean adjusted BCPR rate of 31% and mean adjusted survival to discharge of 9.4%. In the 25 census tracts identified as high-risk areas, there were significant differences in characteristics compared to low-risk areas, including a higher proportion of African Americans (64% vs. 21%, p<0.001), lower median household income ($30,948 vs. $54,388, p<0.001), and a higher proportion living below the poverty level (36% vs. 20%, p<0.001). There was a 3-fold increase in the adjusted OHCA incidence between high and low risk areas (1.68 vs. 0.57 per 1,000, p<0.001) with BCPR rates of 27% and 31% (p=0.31), respectively. Compared to a previous analysis, 9 (36%) census tracts persisted as high-risk but an additional 16 were newly identified. Conclusions: Neighborhood-level variations in OHCA incidence are dramatic with marked disparities in characteristics between high and low risk areas. It is possible that improving OHCA outcomes requires multifaceted interventions to address social determinants of health.

Risk results from screening for a high cardiovascular disease risk by means of traditional risk factor measurement or coronary artery calcium scoring in the ROBINSCA trial

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (Supplement_2) ◽  
Author(s):  
C Van Der Aalst ◽  
S.J.A.M Denissen ◽  
M Vonder ◽  
J.-W.C Gratema ◽  
H.J Adriaansen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Coronary Artery ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Risk Score ◽  
Coronary Artery Calcium ◽  
Preventive Treatment ◽  
Low Risk ◽  
Funding Source ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Increased Risk

Abstract Aims Screening for a high cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk followed by preventive treatment can potentially reduce coronary heart disease (CHD)-related morbidity and mortality. ROBINSCA (Risk Or Benefit IN Screening for CArdiovascular disease) is a population-based randomized controlled screening trial that investigates the effectiveness of CVD screening in asymptomatic participants using the Systematic COronary Risk Evaluation (SCORE) model or Coronary Artery Calcium (CAC) scoring. This study describes the distributions in risk and treatment in the ROBINSCA trial. Methods and results Individuals at expected elevated CVD risk were randomized (1:1:1) into the control arm (n=14,519; usual care); screening arm A (n=14,478; SCORE, 10-year fatal and non-fatal risk); or screening arm B (n=14,450; CAC scoring). Preventive treatment was largely advised according to current Dutch guidelines. Risk and treatment differences between the screening arms were analysed. 12,185 participants (84.2%) in arm A and 12,950 (89.6%) in arm B were screened. 48.7% were women, and median age was 62 (InterQuartile Range 10) years. SCORE screening identified 45.1% at low risk (SCORE&lt;10%), 26.5% at intermediate risk (SCORE 10–20%), and 28.4% at high risk (SCORE≥20%). According to CAC screening, 76.0% were at low risk (Agatston&lt;100), 15.1% at high risk (Agatston 100–399), and 8.9% at very high risk (Agatston≥400). CAC scoring significantly reduced the number of individuals indicated for preventive treatment compared to SCORE (relative reduction women: 37.2%; men: 28.8%). Conclusion We showed that compared to risk stratification based on SCORE, CAC scoring classified significantly fewer men and women at increased risk, and less preventive treatment was indicated. ROBINSCA flowchart Funding Acknowledgement Type of funding source: Public grant(s) – EU funding. Main funding source(s): Advanced Research Grant

scholarly journals A Retrospective Observational Study of Patients with Dilated Cardiomyopathy Undergoing Non-Cardiac Surgery

2017 ◽  
Vol 45 (5) ◽  
pp. 619-623
Author(s):  
K. A. Cook ◽  
P. A. MacIntyre ◽  
J. R. McAlpine
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Cardiac Surgery ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Dilated Cardiomyopathy ◽  
Major Adverse Cardiac Event ◽  
Cardiac Event ◽  
Adverse Outcome ◽  
Adverse Cardiac Event ◽  
Low Risk ◽  
Surgical Risk

The perioperative risks and factors associated with adverse cardiac outcomes in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy undergoing non-cardiac surgery are unknown. Interrogation of the Nelson Hospital transthoracic echocardiogram database identified 127 patients with dilated cardiomyopathy who satisfied the study criteria and underwent non-cardiac surgery between June 1999 and July 2013. Demographic and clinical data along with postoperative death within 30 days or a major adverse cardiac event were retrieved and analysed. The mean age was 75.9 years. Seventy-one percent of the patients had severe impairment of left ventricular function and 35% had a severely dilated left ventricle. A major adverse cardiac event occurred in 18.1% of patients and 5.5% of patients died within 30 days of surgery. Increased surgical risk and absence of cerebrovascular disease were associated with adverse outcome (P <0.001, P <0.05, respectively). Forty-three and a half percent (43.5%) of patients undergoing high-risk surgery had an adverse outcome compared to 36.1% and 5.9% for moderate and low-risk surgery, respectively. A major adverse cardiac event was observed in 26.7% of patients with cardiovascular disease compared to 9.8% of patients without cardiovascular disease. We were unable to exclude an influence of other potential risk factors due to the retrospective observational nature of the study. These findings highlight a potential increase in complications with moderate or high surgical risk, whilst are reassuring in demonstrating the relative safety of low-risk surgery in this group of high-risk patients.

scholarly journals Prediksi Tingkat Risiko Penyakit Kardiovaskuler Aterosklerotik pada Pasien yang Berobat di Poliklinik Penyakit Dalam RSUP Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Manado

e-CliniC ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Engelin E. Emor ◽  
Agnes L. Panda ◽  
Janry Pangemanan
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Risk Score ◽  
Framingham Risk Score ◽  
Low Risk ◽  
Risk Level ◽  
Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Framingham Risk

Abstract: Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease is caused by the accumulation of plaque on the artery wall causing dysfunction of anatomical and hemodynamic system of the heart and blood flow. There are many risk factors that cause atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease which are divided into modifiable and unmodifiable risk factors. Prevention of this disease can be achieved with early detection, such as prediction the risk level of 10 years ahead of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease by using the Framingham Risk Score (FRS). This study was aimed to obtain the risk level of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease in patients at Internal Medicine Polyclinic of Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Hospital Manado by using their medical records from September to October 2017. This was a descriptive study with a cross sectional design. There were 100 samples obtained by using conclusive sampling technique. Of the 100 patients, 42 (42%) patients had low risk, 27 (27%) patients had moderate risk, and 31 (31%) patients had high risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease in 10 years ahead. Conclusion: In this study, the highest percentage was in patients with low risk, followed by patients with high risk, and moderate risk.Keywords: ASCVD, Framingham Risk Score, Risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular sisease. Abstrak: Penyakit kardiovaskuler aterosklerotik adalah penyakit yang disebabkan oleh adanya timbunan plak pada dinding arteri sehingga menyebabkan gangguan fungsional, anatomis serta sistem hemodinamis jantung dan pembuluh darah. Terdapat banyak faktor risiko yang menyebabkan terjadinya penyakit kardiovaskuler aterosklerotik yang dibagi menjadi faktor risiko yang dapat dimodifikasi dan yang tidak dapat dimodifikasi. Pencegahan penyakit ini dapat dilakukan dengan deteksi dini, salah satunya yaitu dengan memrediksi tingkat risiko 10 tahun kedepan terjadinya penyakit kardiovaskuler aterosklerotik dengan menggunakan Framingham Risk Score. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui tingkat risiko penyakit kardiovaskuler ateroskerotik pada pasien di Poliklinik Penyakit Dalam RSUP Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Manado. Jenis penelitian ialah deskriptif dengan desain potong lintang menggunakan data rekam medik pasien Poliklinik Penyakit Dalam RSUP Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Manado periode September - Oktober 2017. Sampel penelitian berjumlah 100 orang dengan teknik pengambilan conclusive sampling. Terdapat 42 pasien (42%) dengan tingkat risiko rendah, 27 pasien (27%) dengan risiko sedang, dan 31 pasien (31%) dengan risiko tinggi terkena penyakit kardiovaskuler aterosklerotik 10 tahun kedepan. Simpulan: Pada studi ini, persentase tertinggi ialah pasien dengan tingkat risiko rendah terjadinya penyakit kardiovaskuler aterosklerotik, diikuti tingkat risiko tinggi dan risiko sedang.Kata kunci: ASCVD, Framingham Risk Score, tingkat risiko penyakit kardiovaskuler aterosklerotik

scholarly journals Cardiovascular Risk Awareness and Calculated 10-Year Risk Among Female Employees at Taibah University 2019

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amal M. Qasem Surrati ◽  
Walaa Mohammedsaeed ◽  
Ahlam B. El Shikieri
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Low Risk ◽  
Abdominal Circumference ◽  
Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Limited Knowledge ◽  
Ascvd Risk ◽  
Risk Estimator

Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the most common cause of death and disability worldwide. Saudi Arabia, one of the middle-income countries has a proportional CVD mortality rate of 37%. Knowledge about CVD and its modifiable risk factors is a vital pre-requisite to change the health attitudes, behaviors, and lifestyle practices of individuals. Therefore, we intended to assess the employee knowledge about risk of CVD, symptoms of heart attacks, and stroke, and to calculate their future 10-years CVD risk. An epidemiological, cross-sectional, community-facility based study was conducted. The women aged ≥40 years who are employees of Taibah University, Al-Madinah Al-Munawarah were recruited. A screening self-administrative questionnaire was distributed to the women to exclude those who are not eligible. In total, 222 women met the inclusion criteria and were invited for the next step for the determination of CVD risk factors by using WHO STEPS questionnaire: It is used for the surveillance of non-communicable disease risk factor, such as CVD. In addition, the anthropometric measurements and biochemical measurements were done. Based on the identified atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) risk factors and laboratory testing results, risk calculated used the Framingham Study Cardiovascular Disease (10-year) Risk Assessment. Data were analyzed using GraphPad Prism 7 software (GraphPad Software, CA, USA). The result showed the mean age of study sample was 55.6 ± 9.0 years. There was elevated percentage of obesity and rise in abdominal circumference among the women. Hypertension (HTN) was a considerable chronic disease among the participants where more than half of the sample had it, i.e., 53%. According to the ASCVD risk estimator, the study participants were distributed into four groups: 63.1% at low risk, 20.2% at borderline risk, 13.5% at intermediate risk, and 3.2% at high risk. A comparison between these categories based on the CVD 10-year risk estimator indicated that there were significant variations between the low-risk group and the intermediate and high-risk groups (P = 0.02 and P = 0.001, respectively). The multivariate analysis detected factors related to CVD risk for women who have an intermediate or high risk of CVD, such as age, smoking, body mass index (BMI), unhealthy diet, blood pressure (BP) measurements, and family history of CVD (P &lt; 0.05). The present study reports limited knowledge and awareness of CVD was 8.6 that is considered as low knowledge. In conclusion, the present study among the university sample in Madinah reported limited knowledge and awareness of CVD risk. These findings support the need for an educational program to enhance the awareness of risk factors and prevention of CVD.

scholarly journals Pre-existing Cardiovascular Disease in United States Population at High Risk for Severe COVID-19 Infection

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adnan I Qureshi
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
At Risk ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Low Risk ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Moderate Risk ◽  
High Risk Patients ◽  
Risk Patients

Background and Purpose There is increasing recognition of a relatively high burden of pre-existing cardiovascular disease in Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID 19) infected patients. We determined the burden of pre-existing cardiovascular disease in persons residing in United States (US) who are at risk for severe COVID-19 infection. Methods Age (60 years or greater), presence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, diabetes, mellitus, hypertension, and/or malignancy were used to identify persons at risk for admission to intensive care unit, or invasive ventilation, or death with COVID-19 infection. Persons were classified as low risk (no risk factors), moderate risk (1 risk factor), and high risk (two or more risk factors present) using nationally representative sample of US adults from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2017 and 2018 survey. Results Among a total of 5856 participants, 2386 (40.7%) were considered low risk, 1325 (22.6%) moderate risk, and 2145 persons (36.6%) as high risk for severe COVID-19 infection. The proportion of patients who had pre-existing stroke increased from 0.6% to 10.5% in low risk patients to high risk patients (odds ratio [OR]19.9, 95% confidence interval [CI]11.6-34.3). The proportion of who had pre-existing myocardial infection (MI) increased from 0.4% to 10.4% in low risk patients to high risk patients (OR 30.6, 95% CI 15.7-59.8). Conclusions A large proportion of persons in US who are at risk for developing severe COVID 19 infection are expected to have pre-existing cardiovascular disease. Further studies need to identify whether targeted strategies towards cardiovascular diseases can reduce the mortality in COVID-19 infected patients.

scholarly journals The Omega-3 Index in National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I Collegiate Football Athletes

2019 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony Anzalone ◽  
Aaron Carbuhn ◽  
Lauren Jones ◽  
Ally Gallop ◽  
Alex Smith ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
High Risk ◽  
National Collegiate Athletic Association ◽  
Neuroprotective Effect ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Low Risk ◽  
Division I ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Increased Risk

Context The essential omega-3 fatty acids (ω-3 FAs) eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) exhibit vital biological roles and are critical for cardiovascular and neurologic health. Compared with the general population, football athletes may be at an increased risk of cardiovascular disease. Further, those same athletes are also exposed to repetitive head impacts, which may lead to long-term neurologic deficits. Both diets high in ω-3 FAs and supplementation with ω-3 FAs have been reported to reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease, and early evidence suggests a potential neuroprotective effect of supplementation. Objective To determine the (1) erythrocyte content of DHA and EPA, as measured by the Omega-3 Index, expressed as a percentage of total fatty acids, in National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I football athletes and (2) distribution across the Omega-3 Index risk zones established for cardiovascular disease: high risk, &lt;4%; intermediate risk, 4% to 8%; and low risk, &gt;8%. Design Cross-sectional descriptive study. Setting Multicenter trial. Patients or Other Participants Deidentified data including complete erythrocyte fatty acid profile from the 2017–2018 season, age at time of testing, height, weight, and ethnicity were collected from 404 athletes. Main Outcome Measure(s) Omega-3 Index. Results About 34% of athletes (n = 138) had an Omega-3 Index considered high risk (&lt;4%), and 66% (n = 266) had a risk considered intermediate (4%–8%). None had a low-risk Omega-3 Index. Conclusions The Omega-3 Index is a simple, minimally invasive test of ω-3 FA status. Our data indicate that football athletes may be deficient in the ω-3 FAs DHA and EPA. The fact that no athlete had an Omega-3 Index associated with low risk suggests football athletes may be at increased risk for cardiovascular disease in later life.

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