Foliar application of systemic acquired resistance (SAR) inducers for controlling grape anthracnose caused by Sphaceloma ampelinum de Bary in Thailand

Rose rosette disease (RRD) caused by rose rosette emaravirus (RRV) is a major issue in the U.S. rose industry with no effective method for its management. This study evaluated the effect of foliar application of Acibenzolar S-methyl (ASM), a plant systemic acquired resistance inducer in reducing RRD disease severity on Rosa species cv. Radtkopink (Pink Double Knock Out®) under greenhouse condition, and the effect of ASM on plant growth under commercial nursery production conditions. ASM at 50 or 100 mg/L at weekly intervals significantly reduced RRD severity compared to the untreated control in two of the three greenhouse trials (P < 0.05). The plants in these trials were subsequently pruned and observed for symptoms, which further indicated that application of ASM at 50 or 100 mg/L lowered disease severity compared to the untreated control (P < 0.05) in these two trials. Plants treated with ASM at 50 or 100 mg/L had delayed incidence of RRD compared to the non-treated controls. Plants treated with ASM at 50 or 100 mg/L rate in all three trials either did not have RRV present or the virus was present in fewer leaf samples than untreated controls as indicated by RT-qPCR analysis. Overall, plants treated with ASM at 50 mg/L had 36-43% reduced RRD incidence compared to the water control. The treatment of two cultivars of rose, ‘Radtkopink’ and ‘Meijocos’ (Pink Drift®), with weekly foliar applications of ASM at three rates (0.5, 0.75 and 1.0 oz/A) indicated that ASM had no negative effect on flowering or plant growth at even the highest rate.

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Induction of Systemic Acquired Resistance in Papaya by Foliar Application of HrpN Recombinant Protein for Increased Resistance against Papaya Dieback Pathogen

Current Investigations in Agriculture and Current Research ◽

10.32474/ciacr.2018.02.000136 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 2 (3) ◽

Author(s):

Norliza Abu Bakar

Keyword(s):

Recombinant Protein ◽

Systemic Acquired Resistance ◽

Foliar Application ◽

Acquired Resistance

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Nitrogen-doped carbon dots alleviate the damage from tomato bacterial wilt syndrome: systemic acquired resistance activation and reactive oxygen species scavenging

Environmental Science Nano ◽

10.1039/d1en00715g ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Xing Luo ◽

Xuesong Cao ◽

Chuanxi Wang ◽

Le Yue ◽

Xiaofei Chen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Carbon Dots ◽

Plant Disease ◽

Systemic Acquired Resistance ◽

Foliar Application ◽

Acquired Resistance ◽

Global Food Security ◽

Nitrogen Doped ◽

Doped Carbon Dots ◽

Nitrogen Doped Carbon ◽

Global Food

Plant disease seriously threatens the global food security. However, an effective and sustainable control strategy is lacking. In this study, foliar application with 10 mg/L nitrogen doped carbon dots (N-CDs)...

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Systemic Acquired Resistance-Mediated Control of Pine Wilt Disease by Foliar Application With Methyl Salicylate

Frontiers in Plant Science ◽

10.3389/fpls.2021.812414 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

Author(s):

Hee Won Jeon ◽

Ae Ran Park ◽

Minjeong Sung ◽

Namgyu Kim ◽

Mohamed Mannaa ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Methyl Salicylate ◽

Systemic Acquired Resistance ◽

Foliar Application ◽

Acquired Resistance ◽

Pine Wilt Disease ◽

Wilt Disease ◽

Pcr Analysis ◽

Pinewood Nematode ◽

Pine Wilt ◽

Pine Seedlings

Pine wilt disease (PWD), caused by the pinewood nematode, is the most destructive disease in pine forest ecosystems worldwide. Extensive research has been done on PWD, but effective disease management is yet to be devised. Generally, plants can resist pathogen attack via a combination of constitutive and inducible defenses. Systemic acquired resistance (SAR) is an inducible defense that occurs by the localized infection of pathogens or treatment with elicitors. To manage PWD by SAR in pine trees, we tested previously known 12 SAR elicitors. Among them, methyl salicylate (MeSA) was found to induce resistance against PWD in Pinus densiflora seedlings. In addition, the foliar applications of the dispersible concentrate-type formulation of MeSA (MeSA 20 DC) and the emulsifiable concentrate-type formulation of MeSA (MeSA 20 EC) resulted in significantly reduced PWD in pine seedlings. In the field test using 10-year-old P. densiflora trees, MeSA 20 DC showed a 60% decrease in the development of PWD. Also, MeSA 20 EC gave the best results when applied at 0.1 mM concentration 2 and 1 weeks before pinewood nematode (PWN) inoculation in pine seedlings. qRT-PCR analysis confirmed that MeSA induced the expression of defense-related genes, indicating that MeSA can inhibit and delay the migration and reproduction of PWN in pine seedlings by modulating gene expression. These results suggest that foliar application of MeSA could reduce PWD incidence by inducing resistance and provide an economically feasible alternative to trunk-injection agents for PWD management.

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Foliar Spray of Validamycin A or Validoxylamine A Controls Tomato Fusarium Wilt

Phytopathology ◽

10.1094/phyto-95-1209 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 95 (10) ◽

pp. 1209-1216 ◽

Cited By ~ 42

Author(s):

Ryo Ishikawa ◽

Kentaro Shirouzu ◽

Hideo Nakashita ◽

Han-Young Lee ◽

Takayuki Motoyama ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Systemic Acquired Resistance ◽

Control Method ◽

Foliar Application ◽

Acquired Resistance ◽

Foliar Spray ◽

Marker Genes ◽

Pr Genes ◽

Validamycin A ◽

Soil Fumigants

Tomato wilt, caused by the soilborne fungus Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici, is effectively controlled by a foliar spray of validamycin A (VMA) or validoxylamine A (VAA) (≥10 μg/ml); however, neither VMA nor VAA is antifungal in vitro. In pot tests, the effect of a foliar application of VMA or VAA at 100 μg/ml lasted for 64 days. Plants sprayed with VMA or VAA accumulated salicylic acid and had elevated expression of the systemic acquired resistance (SAR) marker genes P4 (PR-1), Tag (PR-2), and NP24 (PR-5). Foliar spray of VMA also controlled late blight and powdery mildew of tomato. The disease control by VMA and VAA lasted up to 64 days after treatment, was broad spectrum, and induced the expression of PR genes, all essential indicators of SAR, suggesting that VMA and VAA are plant activators. The foliar application of plant activators is a novel control method for soilborne diseases and may provide an economically feasible alternative to soil fumigants such as methyl bromide.

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Chitosan Nanoparticles Inactivate Alfalfa Mosaic Virus Replication and Boost Innate Immunity in Nicotiana glutinosa Plants

Plants ◽

10.3390/plants10122701 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (12) ◽

pp. 2701

Author(s):

Ahmed Abdelkhalek ◽

Sameer H. Qari ◽

Mohamed Abd Al-Raheem Abu-Saied ◽

Abdallah Mohamed Khalil ◽

Hosny A. Younes ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mosaic Virus ◽

Crop Production ◽

Systemic Acquired Resistance ◽

Viral Infections ◽

Foliar Application ◽

Acquired Resistance ◽

Chitosan Nanoparticles ◽

Alfalfa Mosaic Virus ◽

Total Phenolic ◽

Nicotiana Glutinosa

Plant viral infection is one of the most severe issues in food security globally, resulting in considerable crop production losses. Chitosan is a well-known biocontrol agent against a variety of plant infections. However, research on combatting viral infections is still in its early stages. The current study investigated the antiviral activities (protective, curative, and inactivation) of the prepared chitosan/dextran nanoparticles (CDNPs, 100 µg mL−1) on Nicotiana glutinosa plants. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) and dynamic light scattering analysis revealed that the synthesized CDNPs had a uniform, regular sphere shapes ranging from 20 to 160 nm in diameter, with an average diameter of 91.68 nm. The inactivation treatment was the most effective treatment, which resulted in a 100% reduction in the alfalfa mosaic virus (AMV, Acc# OK413670) accumulation level. On the other hand, the foliar application of CDNPs decreased disease severity and significantly reduced viral accumulation levels by 70.43% and 61.65% in protective and curative treatments, respectively, under greenhouse conditions. Additionally, the induction of systemic acquired resistance, increasing total carbohydrates and total phenolic contents, as well as triggering the transcriptional levels of peroxidase, pathogen-related protein-1, and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase were observed. In light of the results, we propose that the potential application of CDNPs could be an eco-friendly approach to enhance yield and a more effective therapeutic elicitor for disease management in plants upon induction of defense systems.

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Recombinant Protein Foliar Application Activates Systemic Acquired Resistance and Increases Tolerance against Papaya Dieback Disease

Asian Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development ◽

10.18488/journal.ajard.2021.111.1.9 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 1-9

Author(s):

Norliza Abu-Bakar ◽

Nor Mustaiqazah Juri ◽

Ros Azrinawati Hana Abu-Bakar ◽

Mohd Zulfadli Sohaime ◽

Rafidah Badrun ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Recombinant Protein ◽

Systemic Acquired Resistance ◽

Foliar Application ◽

Acquired Resistance ◽

Plant Diseases ◽

Immune Memory ◽

Pcr Analysis ◽

Pr Genes ◽

Defense Gene Expression ◽

Dieback Disease

Similar to animals, plants possess ‘immune memory’ in response to invading pathogens that lead to enhanced defense reaction following pathogen exposure. Systemic acquired resistance (SAR) is a well-characterized type of plant immunity and is associated with coordinated expression of a set of pathogenesis-related (PR) genes and proteins also known as SAR markers. Induction of SAR in plants was shown to be initiated by group of chemicals and biological compounds known as SAR inducers that can be used for the management of important plant diseases. Elucidation and characterization of potential SAR inducers as potential elicitors that can protect papaya from the papaya dieback disease pathogen were carried out using HRPX protein, which was produced as a recombinant protein in an Escherichia coli system. Disease severity analysis in a glasshouse experiment indicated lower disease infection rates in the HRPX-treated plants than in water-treated plants. Selected SAR-associated defense gene expression was also shown to increase in treated plants, via quantitative real-time PCR analysis, confirming enhanced disease response through SAR activation. In this report, the selected recombinant protein was shown to activate the SAR mechanism in papaya for increased tolerance against papaya dieback disease, which was proven via physiological and molecular analysis.

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