Chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of the flower and root hexane extracts of Althaea officinalis in Northwest Iran

Spices are a part of the plants used for many purposes as preservatives and as colorants in foods or as medicinal intention. Main aim of the present research was to estimate the potential antimicrobial activity of some spices from Apiaceae family such as Amni visnaga (Diş otu, Hıltan), Anethum graveolens (Dereotu), Apium graveolens (Kereviz), Coriandrum sativum (Kişniş), Cuminum cyminum (Kimyon), Daucus carota (Havuç), Foeniculum vulgare (Rezene), Petroselinum sativum (Maydanoz), Pimpinella anisum (Anason). Thus, the fruits of the plants are used in the experiments. The fruits have been extracted by n-hexane, and all extracts have been subjected to TLC (Thin Layer Chromatography). The n-hexane extracts were screened for their potential in vitro antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29213, Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 29212, Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Klebsiella pneumoniae ATCC 13883, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853 and antifungal activity against Candida albicans ATCC 10231 by microbroth dilution method. The hexane extracts of the fruits of Coriandrum sativum, Anethum graveolens, Daucus carota, and Pimpinella anisum did not show antimicrobial activity against tested microorganisms. Except these, the other extracts having MIC values of 2.5-5-10 mg/mL exhibited antimicrobial effect against some tested microorganisms. These results demonstrate that the extracts which have an antimicrobial effect can probably play a role as an antimicrobial agent owing to their nonpolar components which are accumulated to the n-hexane extracts.

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Chemical Composition and Antimicrobial Activity of Bark and Leaf Extracts of Cupressus sempervirens and Juniperus phoenicea Grown in Al- Jabel Al-Akhdar Region, Libya

The Natural Products Journal ◽

10.2174/2210315508666180223151210 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (4) ◽

pp. 268-279

Author(s):

Mohamed E.I. Badawy ◽

Ibrahim E.A. Kherallah ◽

Ahmed S.O. Mohareb ◽

Mohamed. Z.M. Salem ◽

Hameda A. Yousef

Keyword(s):

Antimicrobial Activity ◽

Chemical Composition ◽

Sea Level ◽

Plant Extracts ◽

Complex Mixture ◽

Biologically Active ◽

Cupressus Sempervirens ◽

Leaf Extracts ◽

Juniperus Phoenicea ◽

The Impact

Background:Plant extracts are important products in the world and have been widely used for isolation of important biologically active products. Because of their significant environmental impact, extensive research has been explored to determine the antimicrobial activity of plant extracts.Methods:Acetone extracts of the bark and leaf of Cupressus sempervirens and Juniperus phoenicea, collected from three different altitudes (125, 391, and 851 m high of sea level) at Al- Jabel Al-Akhdar area, Libya were obtained and analyzed by GC/MS. The antimicrobial activity of the extracts was further evaluated against plant bacteria Rhizobium radiobacter, Erwinia carotovora, Rhodococcus fascians and Ralstonia solanacearum and fungus Botrytis cinerea.Results:The impact of the altitude from the sea level on the quantity and chemical constituents of the extracts was investigated. The yield was largely dependent on tree species and the highest yield (6.50%) was obtained with C. sempervirens L bark of altitude III (851 m of the sea level), while the lowest (1.17%) was obtained with the leaf extract of C. sempervirens L from altitude I (125 m). The chemical composition analyzed by GC/MS confirmed that the leaf extracts of C. sempervirens and J. phoenicea contained a complex mixture of monoterpene hydrocarbons, sesquiterpenes, diterpenes, diterpenoids, terpenophenolic, steroids and phthalates. However, the bark extracts of both trees contained a mixture of sesquiterpenes, diterpenes, diterpenoids, terpenophenolics, phthalates, retinol and steroids. These constituents revealed some variability among the extracts displaying the highest interesting chemotype of totarol (terpenophenolic) in all extracts (14.63-78.19% of the total extract). The extracts displayed a noteworthy antifungal potency with varying degrees of inhibition of growth with EC50 values ranged from 78.50 to 206.90 mg/L. The extracts obtained from the leaves of C. sempervirens showed that the highest inhibitory activity was obtained with the extract of altitude II (391 m) with MIC 565, 510, 380 and 710 mg/L against E. carotovora, R. fascians, and R. radiobacter and R. solanacearum, respectively.Conclusion:Based on antimicrobial activity, raw plant extracts can be a cost-effective way to protect crops from microbial pathogens. Because plant extracts contain several antimicrobial compounds, the development of resistant pathogens can be delayed.

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Chemical Composition, Antimicrobial activity, In Vitro Cytotoxicity and Leukotoxin Neutralization of Essential Oil from Origanum vulgare against Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans

Pathogens ◽

10.3390/pathogens9030192 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (3) ◽

pp. 192 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Sanae Akkaoui ◽

Anders Johansson ◽

Maâmar Yagoubi ◽

Dorte Haubek ◽

Adnane El hamidi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antimicrobial Activity ◽

Chemical Composition ◽

Essential Oil ◽

Periodontal Diseases ◽

Aggregatibacter Actinomycetemcomitans ◽

Psidium Guajava ◽

Minimal Bactericidal Concentration ◽

Origanum Vulgare ◽

Neutralizing Capacity ◽

Broth Microdilution Method

In this study, the essential oil of Origanum vulgare was evaluated for putative antibacterial activity against six clinical strains and five reference strains of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, in comparison with some antimicrobials. The chemical composition of the essential oil was analyzed, using chromatography (CG) and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry coupled (CG–MS). The major compounds in the oil were Carvacrol (32.36%), α-terpineol (16.70%), p-cymene (16.24%), and Thymol (12.05%). The antimicrobial activity was determined by an agar well diffusion test. A broth microdilution method was used to study the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC). The minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC) was also determined. The cytotoxicity of the essential oil (IC50) was <125 µg/mL for THP-1 cells, which was high in comparison with different MIC values for the A. actinomycetemcomitans strains. O. vulgare essential oil did not interfere with the neutralizing capacity of Psidium guajava against the A. actinomycetemcomitans leukotoxin. In addition, it was shown that the O. vulgare EO had an antibacterial effect against A. actinomycetemcomitans on a similar level as some tested antimicrobials. In view of these findings, we suggest that O.vulgare EO may be used as an adjuvant for prevention and treatment of periodontal diseases associated to A. actinomycetemcomitans. In addition, it can be used together with the previously tested leukotoxin neutralizing Psidium guajava.

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Variability in chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of essential oil of Rosa × damascena Herrm. from mountainous regions of Iran

Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture ◽

10.1186/s40538-021-00219-6 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Mansureh Ghavam ◽

Afsaneh Afzali ◽

Maria Manconi ◽

Gianluigi Bacchetta ◽

Maria Letizia Manca

Keyword(s):

Antimicrobial Activity ◽

Chemical Composition ◽

Essential Oil ◽

Essential Oils ◽

Environmental Conditions ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Rosa Damascena ◽

Mountainous Regions ◽

Aspergillus Brasiliensis ◽

Suitable Area

Abstract Background Essential oil of Rosa × damascena Herrm. is one of the most valuable and important raw materials for the flavor and fragrance industry. The cultivation of this plant has ancient origins, and Kashan was one of the first mountainous regions of Iran dealing with the cultivation of R. × damascena. In this study, both chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of different rose essential oils obtained from five mountainous areas of Kashan region (Maragh, Qamsar, Sadeh, Javinan, and Kamoo) has been investigated along with the influence of the environmental conditions on these properties. Results Results showed that yield and chemical composition of essential oils obtained from Rosa × damascena were significantly affected by the collection area. In particular, the yield of oils varied from ~0.08 to ~0.132% and citronellol (36.70-9.18%), geraniol (12.82-0.47%), nonadecane (22.73-10.36%), heneicosane (31.7-11.43%), and 1-nonadecene (6.03-3.93%) have been detected as main compounds in all the plants collected, but at different concentrations depending on the collection area. The best fragrance and the highest yield were found in the oil from Kamoo area. Similarly to the chemical composition, the antimicrobial activity of the essential oils was affected by their origin, and essential oil obtained from plants collected from Kamoo area disclosed the highest antibacterial and antifungal efficacy. Its inhibition halos were 17.33±0.58 mm against Aspergillus brasiliensis, 15.67±0.58 mm against Staphylococcus aureus, and 12.33±0. 58 mm against Streptococcus pyogenes. Essential oils of R. damascena were also effective against Gram-negative Pseudomonas aeruginosa and they had a MIC value of 62.50 μg/mL irrespective of the collection area (except the oil from Javinan area). On the contrary, the highest antifungal power against Candida albicans yeast was reached using the essential oil obtained from plants collected in Javinan region (MIC and MBC ~62.50 μg/mL). Conclusions Overall results underline the influence of environmental conditions of the different areas of Kashan region, on the chemical composition of and antimicrobial activity of the essential oils of Rosa × damascena. In addition, results disclosed that Kamoo seemed to be the most suitable area for the competitive cultivation of R. × damascena to the intensive production of aromatic flower oil and natural antimicrobial essential oils.

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