Improving IPO market still not an exit path

2013 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Steven Burrill
Keyword(s):  
Early Stage ◽  
Going Public ◽  
The Public ◽  
Public Market

Recent suggestions that improving IPO activity will lead biotech venture investors to lucrative exits seems to be a bit premature and detached from the reality of these deals. The maxim oft repeated by venture investors has never been truer: IPOs are financing events, not liquidity events. Venture-backed biotechs that are going public are doing so with substantial participation from their venture investors as well as other insiders. This trend is increasing. What’s troubling in all of this is that not only are venture investors not replenishing their war chests through IPOs, they are emptying them because public market investors are unwilling to take on the role of funding the public debuts of these companies without the participation of the venture investors. That means IPOs are failing to generate the returns venture investors need to reinvest in promising new innovative companies. It’s also directing large sums of capital from investors who have traditionally funded early-stage companies into later stage deals where investors see less risk and a faster path to desired returns.

Smoking Habits of Adolescents and the Role of Dentists

2006 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 120-129 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajeev Kr. Garg
Keyword(s):  
Early Stage ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Premature Mortality ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Smoking Habits ◽  
The Public ◽  
Adverse Health Effects ◽  
Harmful Effects ◽  
Continue Smoking

Abstract Tobacco smoking has a devastating effect on the health and well-being of the public and remains the nation's leading avoidable cause of premature mortality and disability. On an average, each smoker who dies would have lived another 15 years if he/she was a non-smoker. Though adult smoking has decreased markedly, there is an alarming rise in the use of tobacco among adolescents. One unique aspect of dentistry is some of the adverse health effects of tobacco uses are clinically apparent in the oral cavity at a relatively early stage of use. More than one-half of the adult population and nearly threequarters of the student population see a dentist each year, and yet 80% of dentists do not routinely ask about tobacco use and advise tobacco users to quit. Nicotine is a highly addictive substance, and the urge to continue smoking is powerful. As doctors our motto in advising patients should be, “If you smoke, quit. If you don't, then don't try it.” The second part of the message is especially important for adolescents, since most adult smokers started their habit as adolescents. The authors have highlighted the harmful effects of smoking and the role dentists have to impart as responsible citizens in educating their patients, especially in the younger generation to help them lead a healthier and more meaningful tomorrow. Citation Garg RK, Tandon S. Smoking Habits of Adolescents and the Role of Dentists. J Contemp Dent Pract 2006 May;(7)2:120-129.

Aristophanes And The Demon Poverty

1984 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 314-333 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. H. Sommerstein
Keyword(s):  
Early Stage ◽  
Fifth Century ◽  
Social Orientation ◽  
The Public ◽  
Old Comedy ◽  
Public Recognition ◽  
Marked Decline ◽  
The Common ◽  
Common Man

Aristophanes' last two surviving plays, Assemblywomen and Wealth, have long been regarded as something of an enigma. The changes in structure – the diminution in the role of the chorus, the disappearance of the parabasis, etc. –, as well as the shift of interest away from the immediacies of current politics towards broader social themes, can reasonably be interpreted as an early stage of the process that ultimately transformed Old Comedy into New, even if it is unlikely ever to be finally agreed whether Aristophanes was leading or following this trend. The decline in freshness, in verbal agility, in sparkle of wit, in theatrical inventiveness, which is perceptible in the earlier play and very marked in the later, may be put down to advancing years and diminishing inspiration. Such an explanation squares with the evidence of a marked decline in Aristophanes' productivity towards the end of his life. Whereas in the first seven years of his career (427–421) he seems to have produced, or had produced for him, not less than ten plays, and in the years 420–405 approximately another eighteen, the twenty years or so that followed Frogs yielded a further eleven at the very most unless some titles have been completely lost; and since it is not likely that after the outstanding success of Frogs, and the public recognition that followed it, Aristophanes would have experienced any difficulty in securing a chorus, the explanation can only be that he was writing less. But the truly puzzling feature of the two late plays we possess is the apparent sea-change in the author's social orientation. In his fifth-century plays, from Acharnians toFrogs, as has been shown (in my view conclusively) by de Ste Croix, Aristophanes reveals himself as one who instinctively speaks the language and thinks the thoughts of the well-to-do, even if at the same time he can laugh with the common man at ostentatious and useless wealth in the shape of Pyrilampes' peacocks, Leogoras' pheasants or the sultan-like garments of an Athenian imperial official – as one who was happy for the Demos to be sovereign so long as it was willing to be guided by the advice of its' betters', the καλоί тε κáγоθоί of (e.g.) Knights 738 or Frogs 727–9, and to leave them in the quiet enjoyment of their property. At first sight in Assemblywomen and Wealth this seems to have changed almost diametrically.

scholarly journals The Architecture of Place: Placemaking In The Urban Fabric of Toronto

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pegah Rategh
Keyword(s):  
Built Environments ◽  
Market Place ◽  
Urban Fabric ◽  
Public Places ◽  
The Public ◽  
Public Market ◽  
Metropolitan Cities ◽  
New Type

Nowadays, due to economic dynamics, modernity, technology and urban sprawl, humans are suffering from “placelessness”. A look at the urban fabric of metropolitan cities makes evident that public places are losing their distinctive idiosyncrasies. 21st-century built environments are diminishing the unique characters that make places noteworthy. The problem with this is that people have the desire to associate with distinctive places. Ignoring this tendency will create a type of environment where places do not matter any more. Public spaces that serve as platforms for life are not only essential to the identity of cities but also provide venues for social-cultural activities that will attract people. This thesis aims to investigate the role of architecture in increasing the quality of people’s daily experiences in the public domain, and to explore opportunities to frame a new type of public market place in Toronto by imbuing ‘The Architecture of Place’ with ‘a sense of place’.

5. Raising capital: equity and its consequences

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan Dignam ◽  
John Lowry
Keyword(s):  
Stock Exchange ◽  
Listed Companies ◽  
Private Companies ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Public Companies ◽  
The Public ◽  
Public Market ◽  
Insider Dealing ◽  
The Uk

Titles in the Core Text series take the reader straight to the heart of the subject, providing focused, concise, and reliable guides for students at all levels. This chapter focuses on raising equity from the general public and its consequences for the operation of the company. It begins by outlining the basics of raising equity before turning to the consequences of operating in a public market, with emphasis on areas such as takeovers and insider dealing. It then considers the distinction between public and private companies in terms of capital raising, how such companies are regulated, and how public companies differ from listed companies. It also discusses various methods of raising money from the public, the role of the Financial Conduct Authority and the London Stock Exchange in ensuring the proper functioning of the listed market in the UK, and the regulation of listed companies as well as takeovers and other public offers.

The Creation and Evolution of the Donor Funded Market for Antimalarials and the Growing Role of Southern Firms

2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 349-370
Author(s):  
Fabienne Orsi ◽  
Sauman Singh ◽  
Luis Sagaon-Teyssier
Keyword(s):  
Access To Medicines ◽  
Antimalarial Drugs ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
International Governance ◽  
The Public ◽  
Public Market ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Important Position

Since the early 2000s, the question of access to medicines at affordable prices for Southern populations has appeared as one of the major challenges for the international governance of health. But what is at stake is the creation of market for medicines in the global South, particularly countries in the Sub-Saharan Africa. These markets are new in nature in the sense that they are driven by international organisations where Southern firms, especially from India, occupy an increasingly important position. However, the specificity of these markets and the way they are constituted have been little analysed. In this article, we suggest focusing the attention on the constitution of the market of antimalarial drugs and highlighting the role played by Southern firms in this market. Our study focuses on the public sector market of antimalarial drugs. We provide an institutional and quantitative analysis of the creation of this public market. We then discuss the growing importance of the Southern firms, mainly Indian and Chinese, in this market.

scholarly journals Rhinacanthus nasutus “Tea” Infusions and the Medicinal Benefits of the Constituent Phytochemicals

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 3776
Author(s):  
James Michael Brimson ◽  
Mani Iyer Prasanth ◽  
Dicson Sheeja Malar ◽  
Sirikalaya Brimson ◽  
Tewin Tencomnao
Keyword(s):  
Blood Circulation ◽  
Skin Diseases ◽  
Herbal Remedy ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Skin Infections ◽  
The Public ◽  
Snake Bites ◽  
Tea Infusions ◽  
Rhinacanthus Nasutus

Rhinacanthus nasutus (L.) Kurz (Acanthaceae) (Rn) is an herbaceous shrub native to Thailand and much of South and Southeast Asia. It has several synonyms and local or common names. The root of Rn is used in Thai traditional medicine to treat snake bites, and the roots and/or leaves can be made into a balm and applied to the skin for the treatment of skin infections such as ringworm, or they may be brewed to form an infusion for the treatment of inflammatory disorders. Rn leaves are available to the public for purchase in the form of “tea bags” as a natural herbal remedy for a long list of disorders, including diabetes, skin diseases (antifungal, ringworm, eczema, scurf, herpes), gastritis, raised blood pressure, improved blood circulation, early-stage tuberculosis antitumor activity, and as an antipyretic. There have been many studies investigating the roles of Rn or compounds isolated from the herb regarding diseases such as Alzheimer’s and other neurodegenerative diseases, cancer, diabetes and infection with bacteria, fungi or viruses. There have, however, been no clinical trials to confirm the efficacy of Rn in the treatment of any of these disorders, and the safety of these teas over long periods of consumption has never been tested. This review assesses the recent research into the role of Rn and its constituent compounds in a range of diseases.

TVA and Power Politics

1961 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 576-590 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aaron Wildavsky
Keyword(s):  
Capital Investment ◽  
Federal Agencies ◽  
Political Arena ◽  
Power Politics ◽  
The Public ◽  
Public Market ◽  
Political Forces ◽  
Tennessee Valley ◽  
Private Investors

The passage of the Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) Revenue Bond Act in 1959 ended a quarter of a century during which the Authority was dependent upon Congressional appropriations to supply the capital investment for its growing electric power facilities. This development marked the first appearance of consensus in the long conflict over the role of TVA in the national economy. The consensus emerged from an impasse between TVA's lack of support in Congress—the result of its narrow geographical limits, its identification with a single political party, and the growing industrialization of states on its borders—and the inability or unwillingness of its opponents to have TVA sold to private investors—the result of intensive support for the Authority among an active few in Congress, the unified nature of the TVA power system, and the huge amounts of power which TVA supplied to defense installations. The resolution of this impasse by authorizing TVA to sell revenue bonds on the public market suggests that in an open political arena like the Congress a stable consensus on policy may arise despite the most ardent efforts of the main contenders to achieve other solutions. Indeed, conflict among independent political forces may well achieve solutions meeting a far wider range of preferences than would be the case if the decision were made by any single official. Since maintenance of adequate Congressional support is a perennial problem for federal agencies, it will be instructive to review the shifting basis of support for TVA in Congress and draw from this experience the appropriate lessons.

scholarly journals The Architecture of Place: Placemaking In The Urban Fabric of Toronto

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pegah Rategh
Keyword(s):  
Built Environments ◽  
Market Place ◽  
Urban Fabric ◽  
Public Places ◽  
The Public ◽  
Public Market ◽  
Metropolitan Cities ◽  
New Type

Nowadays, due to economic dynamics, modernity, technology and urban sprawl, humans are suffering from “placelessness”. A look at the urban fabric of metropolitan cities makes evident that public places are losing their distinctive idiosyncrasies. 21st-century built environments are diminishing the unique characters that make places noteworthy. The problem with this is that people have the desire to associate with distinctive places. Ignoring this tendency will create a type of environment where places do not matter any more. Public spaces that serve as platforms for life are not only essential to the identity of cities but also provide venues for social-cultural activities that will attract people. This thesis aims to investigate the role of architecture in increasing the quality of people’s daily experiences in the public domain, and to explore opportunities to frame a new type of public market place in Toronto by imbuing ‘The Architecture of Place’ with ‘a sense of place’.

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