Impact of rootstock on fruit physical properties of 'Pink Lady' apple

During 2018 and 2019, we evaluated the main fruit physical properties [weight (FW), length (L), diameter (D), geometric mean diameter (Dg), length/diameter ratio (L/D ratio), sphericity (ph), surface area (S), fruit volume (V) and solid density (r)] of 'Pink Lady' apple grafted on dwarf M.9 T337, semi-dwarf M.26 and semi-vigour MM.106 rootstocks. Results showed that rootstocks significantly changed the properties evaluated with the exception of L/D ratio, ph and r. Among rootstocks, M.9 T33 7 produced the best properties, whereas lower and statistically similar values were obtained from M.26 and MM.106 rootstocks. All rootstocks promoted D higher than 66 mm, whereas only M.9 T337 induced D ≥70 mm. The rootstocks did not have the capacity to change the fruit shape of the 'Pink Lady' club cultivar.

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Effect of moisture content on physical properties of cashew nut of different varieties

Journal of Plantation Crops ◽

10.19071/jpc.2016.v44.i2.3105 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 44 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Shrikant Baslingappa Swami ◽

N.J. Thakor A.M. Gawai

Keyword(s):

Moisture Content ◽

Physical Properties ◽

Bulk Density ◽

Surface Area ◽

Geometric Mean ◽

Angle Of Repose ◽

True Density ◽

Cashew Nut ◽

Mean Diameter ◽

Effect Of Moisture

The physical properties, viz., geometric diameter, surface area, sphericity, volume, bulk density, true density and angle of repose was measured for four cashew varieties viz., Vengurle 1, Vengurle 3, Vengurle 4 and Vengurle 7 at different moisture content (15 to 87% db). For Vengurle 1 as the moisture content increased, the physical properties i.e., geometric mean diameter, volume, surface area, true density and angle of repose increased from 20.8 to 22.1 mm, 3485 to 4416 mm3, 1355 to 1540 mm2, 984 to 1030 kg m-3 and 32 to 37˚, respectively. The sphericity and bulk density decreased from 74.2 to 71.4 per cent and 490 to 418 kg m-3 respectively. For Vengurle 3 geometric mean diameter, volume, surface area, true density and angle of repose increased from 27.2 to 28.6 mm, 7912 to 9169 mm3, 2320 to 2567 mm2, 1020 to 1048 kg m-3 and 33 to 35.5˚, respectively. The sphericity and bulk density decreased from 75.5 to 75.2 per cent and 531 to 470 kg m-3 respectively. For Vengurle 4 the geometric mean diameter, volume, surface area, true density and angle of repose increased from 21.0 to 24.1mm, 3362 to 5113 mm3, 1391 to 1828 mm2, 970 to 1030 kg m-3 and 32.5 to 38˚, respectively. The sphericity and bulk density decreased from 65.8 to 66.8 per cent, 517 to 462 kg m-3, respectively. For Vengurle 7 the geometric mean diameter, volume, surface area, true density and angle of repose increased from 24.2 to 24.9 mm, 5102 to 5547 mm3, 1840 to 1941 mm2, 998 to 1045 kg m-3 and 33 to 38˚, respectively. The sphericity and bulk density decreased from 65.4 to 65.8 per cent, 518 to 438 kg m-3, respectively.

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Some physical properties of kariya (Hildegardia barteri) nut/ kernel relevant to the design of its processing equipment

Global Journal of Engineering and Technology Advances ◽

10.30574/gjeta.2021.7.2.0071 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 7 (2) ◽

pp. 083-090

Author(s):

Ubong Edet Assian ◽

Akindele Folarin Alonge

Keyword(s):

Moisture Content ◽

Physical Properties ◽

Bulk Density ◽

Surface Area ◽

Geometric Mean ◽

Volume Density ◽

Unit Mass ◽

Sample Distribution ◽

Processing Equipment ◽

Mean Diameter

Kariya kernel is very rich in essential fats, oils and other valuable nutrients which may find applications in many food formulations. To harness these nutrients, processing equipment and machines are to be used. In order to effectively design these machines, the values of some physical properties of kariya nut and kernel are needed. In this study, some physical properties of the kariya nut and kernel were investigated. Results showed that mean major diameter, intermediate diameter, minor diameter and unit mass obtained at the nut moisture content of 19.83 ± 3.71 (w.b.) were 14.16 ± 0.79 mm, 10.17 ± 0.36 mm, 9.78 ± 0.28 mm and 0.503 ± 0.05g, respectively while the corresponding values obtained at the kernel moisture content of 8.89 ± 2.22% (w.b.) were 9.07 ±0.72 mm, 7.32 ±0.49 mm, 7.08 ± 0.41 mm and 0.328 ± 0.03 g, respectively. The values of calculated geometric mean diameter were 11.20 ±mm and 7.77 ± 0.36 mm, for the kariya nut and kernel, respectively. The skewness value of the sample distribution of 0.08 and -0.24 were recorded for the kariya nut and kernel, respectively. The sphericity, surface area, volume, density, bulk density and porosity were 79.27 ± 3.07%, 394.75 23.13 mm2, 738.37 ± 64.96 mm3 , 681.1 ± 20 kg/m3, 440.24 ± 0.04 kg/m3 and 36.65 ± 0.74% ; and 85.97 ± 5.27%, 189.85 ± 17.34 mm2, 246.71 ± 33.60 mm3, 1342.1 ± 136.23 kg/m3, 773.06 ± 0.06 kg/m3 and 42.28 ± 4.10% for the kariya nut and kernel respectively.

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Effect of irrigation and nutrient on physical properties of safflower seeds

International Agrophysics ◽

10.2478/intag-2013-0022 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 28 (1) ◽

pp. 7-14

Author(s):

Maziar Feyzollahzadeh ◽

Asaad ModaresMotlagh ◽

Ali M. Nikbakht

Keyword(s):

Moisture Content ◽

Physical Properties ◽

Surface Area ◽

Coefficient Of Friction ◽

Geometric Mean ◽

Organic Fertilizers ◽

Dynamic Coefficient ◽

Mean Diameter ◽

Mass Volume ◽

Dynamic Coefficient Of Friction

Abstract The effect of irrigation and nutrient treatments on physical properties of safflower seeds was investigated. Physical properties of safflower seeds were determined at a moisture content of 7% w.b. The parameters determined at different treatments were: size, geometric mean diameter, sphericity, surface area, mass, volume, bulk and true densities, porosity, and static and dynamic coefficient of friction. The results showed a better effect of the use of organic fertilizers in comparison with chemical ones. The results showed that nutrient and irrigation treatments had a significant effect on most of the physical properties of safflower seeds at p<0.01.

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Mechanical behaviour under compression loading and some physical parameters of Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica) eggs

Czech Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.17221/2262-cjas ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 52 (No. 2) ◽

pp. 50-56 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

R. Polat ◽

S. Tarhan ◽

M. Çetin ◽

U. Atay

Keyword(s):

Surface Area ◽

Coefficient Of Friction ◽

Japanese Quail ◽

Mechanical Behaviour ◽

Geometric Mean ◽

Compressive Force ◽

Galvanized Steel ◽

Physical Parameters ◽

Rupture Force ◽

Mean Diameter

Technical information and data on the physical and mechanical properties of agricultural and animal products are necessary to design various equipments for agriculture and industry. In this study some physical properties such as mass, length, diameter, geometric mean diameter, surface area, sphericity, volume, coefficient of friction and packaging coefficient were determined for Japanese quail eggs. Furthermore, the mechanical behaviour of Japanese quail eggs was determined in terms of average rupture force, deformation and toughness (energy absorbed by the Japanese quail eggs per unit volume). Egg samples were compressed along their X and Z-axes. The average values of their mass, length, width, shell thickness, geometric mean diameter, surface area, sphericity, volume and packaging coefficient were measured to be 12.69 g, 34.87 mm, 26.20 mm, 0.27 mm, 28.82 mm, 2 608.5 mm2, 1.10, 359.17 mm3, 0.469, respectively. The values of the coefficient of friction for quail eggs on the surfaces of plywood, glass, galvanized steel and fibreglass were 0.301, 0.282, 0.274 and 0.266, respectively. The highest rupture force, deformation and toughness were obtained when Japanese quail eggs were loaded along their X-axis. Compression along the Z-axis required the least compressive force to break the eggs as compared to the other compression axes. Rupture force, deformation, absorbed energy and toughness for the X-front axis were determined to be 10.51 N, 1.5 mm, 7.88 Nmm and 0.219 Mj/mm2, respectively.

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Physical properties of kumquat fruit

International Agrophysics ◽

10.2478/v10247-012-0074-y ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 27 (1) ◽

pp. 107-109 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

F. Jaliliantabar ◽

A.N. Lorestani ◽

R. Gholami

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Moisture Content ◽

Physical Properties ◽

Elasticity Modulus ◽

Geometric Mean ◽

Rupture Force ◽

Projected Area ◽

Initial Rupture ◽

Mean Diameter ◽

Mass Volume

Abstract Some physical properties of kumquat were investigated. Physical properties which were measured included fruit dimensions, mass, volume, projected area, density, geometric mean diameter, sphericity and surface area. Bulk density, porosity and also packaging coefficient were calculated. Mechanical properties such as the elasticity modulus, rupture force and energy required for initial rupture have been determined. The experiments were carried out at moisture content of 82.6% (w.b.). The results show that the kumquat fruit is one of the smallest fruit in the citrus family.

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Physical Attributes and Modelling of Trans- Himalayan Seabuckthorn Berries

Current Research in Nutrition and Food Science Journal ◽

10.12944/crnfsj.5.3.25 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 5 (3) ◽

pp. 391-397 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

SWAPNIL G. JAISWAL ◽

BHUSHAN R. DOLE ◽

SANGRAM K. SATPATHY ◽

S.N. NAIK

Keyword(s):

Bulk Density ◽

Surface Area ◽

Geometric Mean ◽

Polynomial Model ◽

Angle Of Repose ◽

True Density ◽

North Eastern ◽

Mean Diameter ◽

Physical Attributes ◽

In Trans

Seabuckthorn is a highly perishable fruit found in trans-Himalayan region and North-Eastern part of India. It has enormous nutritional and medicinal properties. Physical attributes of fruits play an important role in the design of machines to meet various harvest and post harvest operations. In the present study properties like dimensions, true density, bulk density, sphericity, porosity and angle of repose were measured and correlated with the mass of the fruit. In addition linear, polynomial, quadratic, logarithmic and exponential models were used for mass and surface area. The length, diameter, thousand berry weight, geometric mean diameter, arithmetic mean diameter, surface area, aspect ratio, angle of repose, sphericity, porosity, true density, bulk density, moisture content were found in the range of 6.5-7.5, 4.74-6.28, 362.67-910.14, 5.49-6.99, 6.17-6.24, 76.87-154.76, 72.81-83.73, 3.59-6.82, 65.84-90.47, 17.05-60.07, 647.19-1399.24, 453.81-725.88, 84.53-87.34 respectively. Polynomial model was suited to be best for mass with length and diameter. Polynomial model between surface area and geometric mean diameter gave highest R2 of 0.981.

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Regression models for estimating chick hatchling weight from some egg geometry traits

Biotechnology in Animal Husbandry ◽

10.2298/bah1803323m ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 34 (3) ◽

pp. 323-334

Author(s):

Nadya Mincheva ◽

Mitko Lalev ◽

Magdalena Oblakova ◽

Pavlina Hristakieva

Keyword(s):

Linear Regression ◽

Surface Area ◽

Regression Models ◽

Linear Models ◽

Geometric Mean ◽

Coefficient Of Determination ◽

Regression Equations ◽

Linear Regression Models ◽

Egg Weight ◽

Mean Diameter

The prediction of chicks? weight before hatching is an important element of selection, aimed at improving the uniformity rate and productivity of birds. With this regards, our goal was to develop and evaluate optimum models for similar prediction in two White Plymouth Rock chickens lines - line L and line K on the basis of the incubation egg weight and egg geometry characteristics - egg maximum breadth (B), egg length (L), geometric mean diameter (Dg), egg volume (V), egg surface area (S). A total of 280 eggs (140 from each line) laid by 40-weekold hens were randomly selected. Mean arithmetic values, standard deviations and coefficients of variation of studied parameters were determined for each line. Correlation coefficients between the weight of hatchlings and predictors were the highest for egg weight, geometric mean diameter, volume and surface area of eggs (r=0.731-0.779 for line L; r=0.802-0.819 for line ?). Nine linear regression models were developed and their accuracy evaluated. The regression equations of hatchlings? weight vs egg length had the lowest coefficient of determination (0.175 for line K and 0.291 for line L), but when egg length and breadth entered the model together, its value increased significantly up to 0.541 and 0.665 for lines L and K, respectively. The weight of day-old chicks from line L could be predicted with higher accuracy with a model involving egg surface area apart egg weight (ChW=0.513EW+0.282S - 10.345; R2=0.620). In line ? a more accurate prognosis was attained by adding egg breadth as an additional predictor to the weight in the model (ChW=0.587EW+0.566? - 19.853; R2=0.692). The study demonstrated that multiple linear regression models were more precise that single linear models.

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DETERMINATION OF PHYSICO-MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF SOME DOMESTIC AND FOREIGN WALNUT (Juglans regia L.) VARIETIES

Acta Scientiarum Polonorum Hortorum Cultus ◽

10.24326/asphc.2019.6.7 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 18 (6) ◽

pp. 67-74

Author(s):

Ersin Gülsoy ◽

Emrah Kuş ◽

Sefa Altıkat

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Surface Area ◽

Energy Absorption ◽

Geometric Mean ◽

Juglans Regia ◽

Deformation Energy ◽

Mean Diameter ◽

Puncture Force

In this research, we examined some of the physical (fruit dimensions, geometric mean diameter sphericity and surface area) and mechanical (puncture force, deformation, energy absorption and hardness) properties on the four different domestic (Şebin, Kaman, Bilecik and Yalova-3) and two different foreign (Chandler and Fernor) walnut (Juglans regia) varieties. For this purpose, we applied puncture force on the walnuts at the direction of width orientation (x–x), length orientation (y–y) and suture orientation (z‒z). According to obtained results, there are significant differences among the walnut varieties for crustacean walnut weight and walnut weight. The maximum and minimum values of crustacean walnut weight were observed as 18.27 g and 10.98 g for Kaman and Chandler, respectively. In addition to these results, Bilecik has a maximum walnut weight – 8.71 g, while the minimum walnut weight was observed for Yalova-3 – 4.57 g. Furthermore, geometric mean diameter and sphericity values ranged to 31.93–38.57 mm and 82.78–92.54%, respectively. There are statistically significant differences on the puncture force, deformation, energy absorption and hardness according to the load axes. The maximum and minimum puncture force values were determined at the Fernor (572 N) with y–y axes and Chandler (211.9 N) with z–z axes, respectively. Also, the highest hardness and the lowest deformation values were obtained for Kaman (y–y axes) and the highest deformation and the lowest hardness were determined at Bilecik (x–x axes). The energy absorption values changed as follows: 0.455–1.086 J, 0.404–0.985 J and 0.426–1.051 J for x–x, y–y and z–z axes, respectively.

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Determination of selected physical properties of Brachystegia eurycoma seeds

Research in Agricultural Engineering ◽

10.17221/14/2009-rae ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 55 (No. 4) ◽

pp. 165-169 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

M.C. Ndukwu

Keyword(s):

Moisture Content ◽

Physical Properties ◽

Bulk Density ◽

Surface Area ◽

Angle Of Repose ◽

Coefficient Of Determination ◽

Solid Density ◽

Axial Dimension ◽

Design And Construction

The research looked at some selected physical properties of Brachystegia eurycoma, such as axial dimension, roundness, sphericity, surface area, bulk density, solid density, porosity, and volume which are essential in the design and construction of the processing and handling equipments of Brachystegia eurycoma. All the above physical properties measured showed some deviations from the average values which is typical of agricultural biomaterials. Solid density showed the highest deviation of 4.04 g/mm3 while the volume showed the least deviation of 0.01 mm3 when compared to those of other physical properties. The angle of repose increased with the increase in the moisture content with a coefficient of determination of 0.98.

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Some Physical and Mechanical Properties of Kiwifruit

International Journal of Food Engineering ◽

10.2202/1556-3758.1276 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 3 (6) ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Seyed Mohammad Ali Razavi ◽

Maryam BahramParvar

Keyword(s):

Surface Area ◽

Geometric Mean ◽

Apparent Volume ◽

Adhesive Force ◽

Arithmetic Mean ◽

True Density ◽

Mean Diameter ◽

Length Width ◽

Static Coefficient Of Friction ◽

Static Coefficient

In this paper, the physical properties such as length, width, thickness, geometric mean diameter, arithmetic mean diameter, mass, true volume, apparent volume, true density, bulk density, porosity, sphericity, surface area, shell ratio, aspect ratio, static coefficient of friction and mechanical characteristics namely firmness, hardness, adhesiveness, adhesive force and total positive area in puncture test were determined for kiwifruit of the Hayward variety. These properties are necessary in the design of the equipment for harvesting, processing and transportation, separating and packing. The results showed that the length, width, thickness, arithmetic mean diameter, geometric mean diameter, sphericity and aspect ratio of kiwifruit varied from 55.5 to 82.3 mm, 46.8 to 54.8 mm, 41.5 to 52.4 mm, 49.8 to 60.99 mm, 49.56 to 59.28 mm, 71.95 to 90.48% and 62.67 to 89.20%, respectively. While the surface area determined by McCabe et al.'s and Jean & Ball's formula, and surface area measured by experimental method changed from 77.11 to 110.34 cm2, 48.74 to 95.95 cm2 and 83.29 to 108.71 cm2, respectively. The values of the fruit's true volume, apparent volume, true density, bulk density and porosity were between 85-120 cm3, 63.69-109.01 cm3, 940-1040 kg/m3, 544.73-572.17 kg/m3 and 39.70-45.5%, respectively. Furthermore, the unit mass and peel ratio of kiwifruits ranged from 75.18 to 135.32 g and 8.91 to 12.51%, respectively. On four different surfaces, namely plywood, galvanized iron sheet, glass and fiberglass, static coefficient of friction varied from 0.34 on glass to 0.49 against plywood. The average firmness, hardness, adhesiveness, adhesive force and total positive area of peeled fruits were 229.42 g, 367.49 g, 716.48 g.s, -34.2 g and 11933.5 g.s, respectively. Corresponding values for unpeeled samples obtained 403.38 g, 2081.2 g, -3175.32 g.s, -118 g and 35757.22 g.s, respectively.

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