DETERMINATION OF PHYSICO-MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF SOME DOMESTIC AND FOREIGN WALNUT (Juglans regia L.) VARIETIES

In this research, we examined some of the physical (fruit dimensions, geometric mean diameter sphericity and surface area) and mechanical (puncture force, deformation, energy absorption and hardness) properties on the four different domestic (Şebin, Kaman, Bilecik and Yalova-3) and two different foreign (Chandler and Fernor) walnut (Juglans regia) varieties. For this purpose, we applied puncture force on the walnuts at the direction of width orientation (x–x), length orientation (y–y) and suture orientation (z‒z). According to obtained results, there are significant differences among the walnut varieties for crustacean walnut weight and walnut weight. The maximum and minimum values of crustacean walnut weight were observed as 18.27 g and 10.98 g for Kaman and Chandler, respectively. In addition to these results, Bilecik has a maximum walnut weight – 8.71 g, while the minimum walnut weight was observed for Yalova-3 – 4.57 g. Furthermore, geometric mean diameter and sphericity values ranged to 31.93–38.57 mm and 82.78–92.54%, respectively. There are statistically significant differences on the puncture force, deformation, energy absorption and hardness according to the load axes. The maximum and minimum puncture force values were determined at the Fernor (572 N) with y–y axes and Chandler (211.9 N) with z–z axes, respectively. Also, the highest hardness and the lowest deformation values were obtained for Kaman (y–y axes) and the highest deformation and the lowest hardness were determined at Bilecik (x–x axes). The energy absorption values changed as follows: 0.455–1.086 J, 0.404–0.985 J and 0.426–1.051 J for x–x, y–y and z–z axes, respectively.

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Comparison of Some Physico-Mechanical Nut and Kernel Properties of Two Walnut (Juglans regia L.) Cultivars

Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca ◽

10.15835/nbha3926045 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 39 (2) ◽

pp. 227

Author(s):

Sezai ERCISLI ◽

Mazhar KARA ◽

Ismail OZTURK ◽

Bahadir SAYINCI ◽

Fatih KALKAN

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Surface Area ◽

Shell Thickness ◽

Average Length ◽

Geometric Mean ◽

Juglans Regia ◽

Mean Diameter ◽

Length Width ◽

First Time

Some physical such as length, width, thickness, mass, geometric mean diameter, sphericity and surface area and mechanical properties such as deformation at cracking, cracking force, energy absorbed and hardness of nuts and kernels were determined at three orientations first time for two walnut cultivars, namely Mara?-18 and Yalova-1 widely grown in Turkey. For nuts, the average length (45.48 mm), mass (12.70 g), geometric mean diameter (36.83 mm) and surface area (42.66 cm2) were the highest in cv. Yalova-1 while width (34.18 mm), thickness (33.74 mm), shell thickness (1.48 mm) and sphericity (87.41%) were the highest in cv. Mara?-18. For all the loading orientations, the values of deformation at cracking, cracking force, energy absorbed and hardness of cv. Mara?-18 were higher than those of cv. Yalova-1. The effect of loading orientation to kernel extraction quality was found insignificant for both walnut cultivars.

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Postharvest Chemical, Sensorial and Physical-Mechanical Properties of Wild Apricot (Prunus armeniaca L.)

Notulae Scientia Biologicae ◽

10.15835/nsb346410 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 3 (4) ◽

pp. 105-112 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Evica MRATINIĆ ◽

Bojan POPOVSKI ◽

Tomo MILOŠEVIĆ ◽

Melpomena POPOVSKA

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Moisture Content ◽

Surface Area ◽

Geometric Mean ◽

Titratable Acidity ◽

Soluble Solids ◽

Soluble Solids Content ◽

Mean Diameter ◽

Length Width ◽

Solids Content

Some chemical, sensorial and physical-mechanical properties of 19 apricot genotypes and Hungarian Best (control) such as moisture content, soluble solids content, titratable acidity ratio and their ratio, fruit and stone mass, flesh/stone ratio, fruit dimensions (length, width, thickness), arithmetic and geometric mean diameter, sphericity, surface area and aspect ratio were determined. Their application is also discussed. The highest moisture content and stone mass observed in X-1/1/04 and X-1/2/04, soluble solids content in ZO-1/03, titratable acidity in ZL-2/03, SS/TA ratio in ZL-1/03, and fruit mass and flesh/stone ratio in DL-1/1/04 genotype. The most number of genotypes have orange and deep orange skin and flesh colour, respectively, whereas sweet kernel taste was predominant in most genotypes. Regarding physical-mechanical properties, the superior fruit dimensions (length, width, thickness), arithmetic and geometric mean diameter and surface area observed in DL-1/1/04 genotype, whereas the highest sphericity and surface area observed in X-1/1/04 and X-1/2/04 genotypes. Also, the series of genotypes evaluated have better chemical, sensorial and physical-mechanical properties than Hungarian Best (control). Finally, information about these properties is very important for understanding the behaviour of the product during the postharvest operations.

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Mechanical behaviour under compression loading and some physical parameters of Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica) eggs

Czech Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.17221/2262-cjas ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 52 (No. 2) ◽

pp. 50-56 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

R. Polat ◽

S. Tarhan ◽

M. Çetin ◽

U. Atay

Keyword(s):

Surface Area ◽

Coefficient Of Friction ◽

Japanese Quail ◽

Mechanical Behaviour ◽

Geometric Mean ◽

Compressive Force ◽

Galvanized Steel ◽

Physical Parameters ◽

Rupture Force ◽

Mean Diameter

Technical information and data on the physical and mechanical properties of agricultural and animal products are necessary to design various equipments for agriculture and industry. In this study some physical properties such as mass, length, diameter, geometric mean diameter, surface area, sphericity, volume, coefficient of friction and packaging coefficient were determined for Japanese quail eggs. Furthermore, the mechanical behaviour of Japanese quail eggs was determined in terms of average rupture force, deformation and toughness (energy absorbed by the Japanese quail eggs per unit volume). Egg samples were compressed along their X and Z-axes. The average values of their mass, length, width, shell thickness, geometric mean diameter, surface area, sphericity, volume and packaging coefficient were measured to be 12.69 g, 34.87 mm, 26.20 mm, 0.27 mm, 28.82 mm, 2 608.5 mm2, 1.10, 359.17 mm3, 0.469, respectively. The values of the coefficient of friction for quail eggs on the surfaces of plywood, glass, galvanized steel and fibreglass were 0.301, 0.282, 0.274 and 0.266, respectively. The highest rupture force, deformation and toughness were obtained when Japanese quail eggs were loaded along their X-axis. Compression along the Z-axis required the least compressive force to break the eggs as compared to the other compression axes. Rupture force, deformation, absorbed energy and toughness for the X-front axis were determined to be 10.51 N, 1.5 mm, 7.88 Nmm and 0.219 Mj/mm2, respectively.

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Physical properties of kumquat fruit

International Agrophysics ◽

10.2478/v10247-012-0074-y ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 27 (1) ◽

pp. 107-109 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

F. Jaliliantabar ◽

A.N. Lorestani ◽

R. Gholami

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Moisture Content ◽

Physical Properties ◽

Elasticity Modulus ◽

Geometric Mean ◽

Rupture Force ◽

Projected Area ◽

Initial Rupture ◽

Mean Diameter ◽

Mass Volume

Abstract Some physical properties of kumquat were investigated. Physical properties which were measured included fruit dimensions, mass, volume, projected area, density, geometric mean diameter, sphericity and surface area. Bulk density, porosity and also packaging coefficient were calculated. Mechanical properties such as the elasticity modulus, rupture force and energy required for initial rupture have been determined. The experiments were carried out at moisture content of 82.6% (w.b.). The results show that the kumquat fruit is one of the smallest fruit in the citrus family.

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Physical Attributes and Modelling of Trans- Himalayan Seabuckthorn Berries

Current Research in Nutrition and Food Science Journal ◽

10.12944/crnfsj.5.3.25 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 5 (3) ◽

pp. 391-397 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

SWAPNIL G. JAISWAL ◽

BHUSHAN R. DOLE ◽

SANGRAM K. SATPATHY ◽

S.N. NAIK

Keyword(s):

Bulk Density ◽

Surface Area ◽

Geometric Mean ◽

Polynomial Model ◽

Angle Of Repose ◽

True Density ◽

North Eastern ◽

Mean Diameter ◽

Physical Attributes ◽

In Trans

Seabuckthorn is a highly perishable fruit found in trans-Himalayan region and North-Eastern part of India. It has enormous nutritional and medicinal properties. Physical attributes of fruits play an important role in the design of machines to meet various harvest and post harvest operations. In the present study properties like dimensions, true density, bulk density, sphericity, porosity and angle of repose were measured and correlated with the mass of the fruit. In addition linear, polynomial, quadratic, logarithmic and exponential models were used for mass and surface area. The length, diameter, thousand berry weight, geometric mean diameter, arithmetic mean diameter, surface area, aspect ratio, angle of repose, sphericity, porosity, true density, bulk density, moisture content were found in the range of 6.5-7.5, 4.74-6.28, 362.67-910.14, 5.49-6.99, 6.17-6.24, 76.87-154.76, 72.81-83.73, 3.59-6.82, 65.84-90.47, 17.05-60.07, 647.19-1399.24, 453.81-725.88, 84.53-87.34 respectively. Polynomial model was suited to be best for mass with length and diameter. Polynomial model between surface area and geometric mean diameter gave highest R2 of 0.981.

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Regression models for estimating chick hatchling weight from some egg geometry traits

Biotechnology in Animal Husbandry ◽

10.2298/bah1803323m ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 34 (3) ◽

pp. 323-334

Author(s):

Nadya Mincheva ◽

Mitko Lalev ◽

Magdalena Oblakova ◽

Pavlina Hristakieva

Keyword(s):

Linear Regression ◽

Surface Area ◽

Regression Models ◽

Linear Models ◽

Geometric Mean ◽

Coefficient Of Determination ◽

Regression Equations ◽

Linear Regression Models ◽

Egg Weight ◽

Mean Diameter

The prediction of chicks? weight before hatching is an important element of selection, aimed at improving the uniformity rate and productivity of birds. With this regards, our goal was to develop and evaluate optimum models for similar prediction in two White Plymouth Rock chickens lines - line L and line K on the basis of the incubation egg weight and egg geometry characteristics - egg maximum breadth (B), egg length (L), geometric mean diameter (Dg), egg volume (V), egg surface area (S). A total of 280 eggs (140 from each line) laid by 40-weekold hens were randomly selected. Mean arithmetic values, standard deviations and coefficients of variation of studied parameters were determined for each line. Correlation coefficients between the weight of hatchlings and predictors were the highest for egg weight, geometric mean diameter, volume and surface area of eggs (r=0.731-0.779 for line L; r=0.802-0.819 for line ?). Nine linear regression models were developed and their accuracy evaluated. The regression equations of hatchlings? weight vs egg length had the lowest coefficient of determination (0.175 for line K and 0.291 for line L), but when egg length and breadth entered the model together, its value increased significantly up to 0.541 and 0.665 for lines L and K, respectively. The weight of day-old chicks from line L could be predicted with higher accuracy with a model involving egg surface area apart egg weight (ChW=0.513EW+0.282S - 10.345; R2=0.620). In line ? a more accurate prognosis was attained by adding egg breadth as an additional predictor to the weight in the model (ChW=0.587EW+0.566? - 19.853; R2=0.692). The study demonstrated that multiple linear regression models were more precise that single linear models.

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A Study on Physico-Mechanical Properties of Onion Varieties Under Koppal District, (Karnataka).

Current Agriculture Research Journal ◽

10.12944/carj.5.3.18 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 5 (3) ◽

pp. 381-386 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

H. Shoba ◽

N. Rajeshwari ◽

G. Nagaraja

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Geometric Mean ◽

Shape Index ◽

Mean Value ◽

Angle Of Repose ◽

Size Category ◽

Local Variety ◽

Equatorial Diameter ◽

Mean Diameter ◽

Polar Diameter

The physico-mechanical properties of four popular cultivable onion varieties i.e., Ballari red, Arka kalyan, Satara (local verity), Kalasa (local variety) in Koppal (Karnataka)were studied to form an important database for designing of storage structures, cleaning, grading, sorting and harvesting equipments. The equatorial diameter of all size category Ballari red onion variety ranged from 4.01 to 8.35 cm, polar diameter ranged from3.82 to 6.62 cm and thickness of Ballari red onion variety ranged from 1.25 to 2.51 cm where as the lowest values of equatorial diameter was observed in Kalasa (local variety) i.e., 3.2 to 7.12 cm, polar diameter ranged from 2.89 to 5.12 cm and thickness from 1.22 to 2.01 cm, respectively. Shape index of three out of four was oval in shape. The geometric mean diameter (Dgm) and arthematic mean diameter (Dam) of large, medium and small size verities as Ballari red, Arka kalyan, Satara, Kalasa had 2.65 to 5.09, 2.5 to 4.58, 2.35 to 4.43 and 2.23 to 4.13 cm, respectively. The highest mean value of bulk density from 678.9 to 390.42 kg/cm3was observed in Ballari red onion followed by Arka kalyan of 662.7to 390.42 kg/cm3, Satara 628.4 to 390.23 kg/cm3, Kalasa 618.59 to 385.24 kg/cm3and highest mean value of angle of repose which was observed in Ballari red i.e, 37o (large size) and lowest was observed 20.90o in Kalasa (small size) variety.

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Some Physical and Mechanical Properties of Kiwifruit

International Journal of Food Engineering ◽

10.2202/1556-3758.1276 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 3 (6) ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Seyed Mohammad Ali Razavi ◽

Maryam BahramParvar

Keyword(s):

Surface Area ◽

Geometric Mean ◽

Apparent Volume ◽

Adhesive Force ◽

Arithmetic Mean ◽

True Density ◽

Mean Diameter ◽

Length Width ◽

Static Coefficient Of Friction ◽

Static Coefficient

In this paper, the physical properties such as length, width, thickness, geometric mean diameter, arithmetic mean diameter, mass, true volume, apparent volume, true density, bulk density, porosity, sphericity, surface area, shell ratio, aspect ratio, static coefficient of friction and mechanical characteristics namely firmness, hardness, adhesiveness, adhesive force and total positive area in puncture test were determined for kiwifruit of the Hayward variety. These properties are necessary in the design of the equipment for harvesting, processing and transportation, separating and packing. The results showed that the length, width, thickness, arithmetic mean diameter, geometric mean diameter, sphericity and aspect ratio of kiwifruit varied from 55.5 to 82.3 mm, 46.8 to 54.8 mm, 41.5 to 52.4 mm, 49.8 to 60.99 mm, 49.56 to 59.28 mm, 71.95 to 90.48% and 62.67 to 89.20%, respectively. While the surface area determined by McCabe et al.'s and Jean & Ball's formula, and surface area measured by experimental method changed from 77.11 to 110.34 cm2, 48.74 to 95.95 cm2 and 83.29 to 108.71 cm2, respectively. The values of the fruit's true volume, apparent volume, true density, bulk density and porosity were between 85-120 cm3, 63.69-109.01 cm3, 940-1040 kg/m3, 544.73-572.17 kg/m3 and 39.70-45.5%, respectively. Furthermore, the unit mass and peel ratio of kiwifruits ranged from 75.18 to 135.32 g and 8.91 to 12.51%, respectively. On four different surfaces, namely plywood, galvanized iron sheet, glass and fiberglass, static coefficient of friction varied from 0.34 on glass to 0.49 against plywood. The average firmness, hardness, adhesiveness, adhesive force and total positive area of peeled fruits were 229.42 g, 367.49 g, 716.48 g.s, -34.2 g and 11933.5 g.s, respectively. Corresponding values for unpeeled samples obtained 403.38 g, 2081.2 g, -3175.32 g.s, -118 g and 35757.22 g.s, respectively.

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Modeling of engineering properties for predicting the mass of acid lime fruit (Citrus aurantifolia Swingle)

Agricultural Engineering Today ◽

10.52151/aet2020441.1515 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 44 (01) ◽

pp. 20-28

Author(s):

V. S. Sonone ◽

D. A. Pawar ◽

V. P. Kad ◽

P. A. Unde

Keyword(s):

Surface Area ◽

Geometric Mean ◽

Engineering Properties ◽

Mean Values ◽

Mean Diameter ◽

Multiple Variable ◽

Acid Lime ◽

The Mean ◽

Packaging Industry ◽

Area And Volume

Engineering properties and their relationships with mass for Phule Sharbati acid lime cultivar were investigated. Relationship between physical properties of fruits and its mass will create tremendous change in the packaging industry. The mean values of engineering properties such as minor diameter, intermediate diameter, major diameter, geometric mean diameter, sphericity, aspect ratio, mass, surface area, volume and true density were found to be 42.55 mm, 41.20 mm, 40.41 mm, 0.94, 0.94, 38.17g, 49997 mm2, 33322.8 mm3 and 1 g/cc, respectively. Regression models were used to predict the effect of mass of acid lime and classified into two: 1–Single and multiple variable regressions of acid lime mass and dimensional characteristics and 2- Single variable regression for geometric mean diameter, sphericity, surface area and volume. Results indicated that mass modeling of acid lime based on minor diameter was found most appropriate in the first classification. In the second classification, the power-law model was noticed best on the basis of the geometric mean diameter, surface area and the volume.

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Effect of moisture content on physical properties of cashew nut of different varieties

Journal of Plantation Crops ◽

10.19071/jpc.2016.v44.i2.3105 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 44 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Shrikant Baslingappa Swami ◽

N.J. Thakor A.M. Gawai

Keyword(s):

Moisture Content ◽

Physical Properties ◽

Bulk Density ◽

Surface Area ◽

Geometric Mean ◽

Angle Of Repose ◽

True Density ◽

Cashew Nut ◽

Mean Diameter ◽

Effect Of Moisture

The physical properties, viz., geometric diameter, surface area, sphericity, volume, bulk density, true density and angle of repose was measured for four cashew varieties viz., Vengurle 1, Vengurle 3, Vengurle 4 and Vengurle 7 at different moisture content (15 to 87% db). For Vengurle 1 as the moisture content increased, the physical properties i.e., geometric mean diameter, volume, surface area, true density and angle of repose increased from 20.8 to 22.1 mm, 3485 to 4416 mm3, 1355 to 1540 mm2, 984 to 1030 kg m-3 and 32 to 37˚, respectively. The sphericity and bulk density decreased from 74.2 to 71.4 per cent and 490 to 418 kg m-3 respectively. For Vengurle 3 geometric mean diameter, volume, surface area, true density and angle of repose increased from 27.2 to 28.6 mm, 7912 to 9169 mm3, 2320 to 2567 mm2, 1020 to 1048 kg m-3 and 33 to 35.5˚, respectively. The sphericity and bulk density decreased from 75.5 to 75.2 per cent and 531 to 470 kg m-3 respectively. For Vengurle 4 the geometric mean diameter, volume, surface area, true density and angle of repose increased from 21.0 to 24.1mm, 3362 to 5113 mm3, 1391 to 1828 mm2, 970 to 1030 kg m-3 and 32.5 to 38˚, respectively. The sphericity and bulk density decreased from 65.8 to 66.8 per cent, 517 to 462 kg m-3, respectively. For Vengurle 7 the geometric mean diameter, volume, surface area, true density and angle of repose increased from 24.2 to 24.9 mm, 5102 to 5547 mm3, 1840 to 1941 mm2, 998 to 1045 kg m-3 and 33 to 38˚, respectively. The sphericity and bulk density decreased from 65.4 to 65.8 per cent, 518 to 438 kg m-3, respectively.

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