scholarly journals Combating the organized crime by means of an unorganized law

2003 ◽  
Vol 75 (9-10) ◽  
pp. 192-202
Author(s):  
Slobodan Beljanski

The author points out the differences in definitions of organized crime and the problems that may occur in application of provisions having undetermined or open contents. In the second part of the work the author analyses disharmony that exists between certain provisions of the amended law on organization and competence of state authorities in combat against organized crime with the constitution of the Republic of Serbia, the Constitutional charter, the Charter on Human and minority rights and civil rights, the International Covenant on civil and political rights and the Convention against torture and other severe, inhuman or degrading sentences or procedures.

Author(s):  
Joseph P. Reidy

The defeat of the Confederacy destroyed slavery and the slaveholders' quest for an independent nation. The Freedmen's Bureau, established by Congress weeks before the surrender, aimed to construct a system of compensated labor on the ruins of slavery and to identify and protect the rights that freed people needed to function in the new world of freedom. They encountered strong opposition from former slaveholders, which President Andrew Johnson's lenient reconstruction policy appeared to encourage. When Radical Republicans gained the upper hand, they enacted sweeping legislation designed to reconstruct the seceded states on the principle of racial democracy (the Reconstruction Acts) and to safeguard black Americans' civil and political rights (a Civil Rights Act and the Thirteenth, Fourteenth, and Fifteenth Amendments). But by failing to legislate a redistribution of Southern land, the Radicals squelched the freed people's most cherished hope for economic advancement. Although this and other setbacks-including the violent overthrow of Radical Reconstruction in 1876-dampened hopes, the quest for freedom and equality endured.


Author(s):  
Fabiancha Embun Balqis

The purpose of this study is to describe how the Civil and Political Rights of the Transpuan group in Pangkalpinang City fulfill the Civil and Political Rights and to describe the efforts made by the group in fighting for civil and political rights as citizens. The primary data sources used were observations and in-depth interviews with Transpuan in Pangkalpinang City regarding the class struggle of the Transpuan group in Pangkalpinang City as marginal groups. At the same time, the secondary data are books, journals, theses from previous research, and internet sources relevant and related to the research focus. The research subjects who will be informants are Transpuan in Pangkalpinang City, Transpuan from Pangkalpinang City and its surroundings, and Transpuan from outside the Bangka Belitung Islands Province. The results of this study state that the fulfillment of the civil rights of Transpuan in Pangkalpinang City by the government has not been fully implemented.


Author(s):  
David Sorkin

This introductory chapter provides a background of the Jews' “emancipation and civil rights.” The very term “emancipation” came to be widely applied to Jews after “Catholic emancipation” in England (1829). Thus, “Jewish emancipation” concerns first and foremost the Jews' inclusion, elevation, or equalization as a distinct religious group. Only in the twentieth century did emancipation come to designate alterations in the Jews' status as a “nation” or a “race.” The book analyzes the complex and multidirectional process whereby Jews acquired civil and political rights and came to exercise citizenship's prerogatives. Once one realizes that emancipation is an interminable process that is an integral aspect of Jews' contemporary experience, one is forced to acknowledge that there are in fact no settled answers to the most pressing political and indeed existential issues of Jewish life. Neither the establishment of the State of Israel nor the flourishing of American Jewry let alone the rebuilding of Jewish life in Europe has definitively answered emancipation's challenges. The larger struggle for political equality and the full exercise of citizenship, for Jews, by Jews, and for other groups, remains pressing. The only thing one can confidently assert is that this struggle is inherently protean: it will be populated by ever new issues and causes, by proponents and opponents whose appearance and actions one cannot predict.


2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 72
Author(s):  
Ani Triwati

<div><p>Negara mengakomodir hak setiap orang termasuk hak perempuan berhadapan dengan hukum dalam Undang-Undang Dasar Negara Republik Indonesia Tahun 1945. Perempuan berhadapan dengan hukum mempunyai hak untuk memperoleh akses keadilan. Sebagai negara yang telah meratifikasi Kovenan Internasional tentang Hak-Hak Sipil dan Politik dengan Undang-Undang Nomor 12 Tahun 2005 tentang Pengesahan <em>International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights</em>, Indonesia berpedoman pada Konvensi tersebut dalam mewujudkan persamaan semua orang di hadapan hukum dan peraturan perundang-undangan, larangan diskriminasi serta menjamin perlindungan yang setara dari diskriminasi, termasuk jenis kelamin atau gender. Selanjutnya, Indonesia sebagai pihak dalam Konvensi Penghapusan Segala Bentuk Diskriminasi Terhadap Perempuan (<em>Convention on the Elimination All of Forms Discrimination Against Women</em>/ CEDAW) mengakui kewajiban negara untuk memastikan bahwa perempuan mempunyai akses keadilan dan bebas dari diskriminasi dalam sistem peradilan (pidana). Dalam upaya memberikan akses keadilan, negara menjabarkan jaminan hak perempuan berhadapan dengan hukum dalam peraturan perundang-undangan. Sistem peradilan pidana merupakan salah satu upaya dalam memberikan akses keadilan sebagai perlindungan bagi perempuan berhadapan dengan hukum melalui perlindungan terhadap hak-hak perempuan selama pemeriksaan dalam setiap tahap peradilan.</p><p><em>       </em><em>T</em><em>he rights of ever</em><em>y person</em><em> including rights of women </em><em>encounter</em><em> the law </em><em>are accommodated by the state based on</em><em> </em><em>the</em><em> Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia</em><em> of 1945</em><em>. </em><em>Women’s in law</em><em> having the right </em><em>in terms of accessing justice</em><em>. As a </em><em>nation</em><em> that ratif</em><em>y</em><em> the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights with Law Number 12 of 2005 </em><em>regarding</em><em> the </em><em>legitimation</em><em> of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, Indonesia refers to the</em><em> c</em><em>onvention in realizing the equality of all people before laws and regulations, prohibition of discrimination and guarantee </em><em>the </em><em>equal protection from </em><em>any  form of </em><em>discrimination, including gender. Furthermore, Indonesia as a part</em><em> in</em><em> the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW) </em><em>admit</em><em> the obligation of the state to ensure that women </em><em>are capable </em><em> access</em><em>ing</em><em> justice and </em><em>exempt</em><em> from discrimination in the criminal justice system. In an effort to provide access to justice, the state </em><em>elucidates</em><em> the guarantee of </em><em>the rights of women’s</em><em> in the laws </em><em>within the law</em><em> regulations. </em><em>Therefore, </em><em>The criminal justice system is </em><em>the one of an</em><em> effort </em><em>providing</em><em> access to justice </em><em>as well </em><em>as </em><em>the</em><em> protection for women</em><em>’s in law </em><em>through the protection of women's rights during </em><em>investigation</em><em> at every stage of </em><em>justice</em><em>.</em></p></div>


2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nanang Nur Wahyudi ◽  
Nynda Fatmawati Octarina

Hak Politik dilindungi hukum, baik secara internasional maupun nsional. secara internasional, hak politik diatur Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) dan International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR). hak politik juga dilindungi konsitusi kita dan beberapa peraturan Perundang-Undangan lainnya, serutama Undang-Undang no 39 tahun 1999 tentang Hak Asasi Manusia. Adanya ketentuan yang merupakan syarat untuk mencalonkan diri pada pemilihan yang jelas membatasi bahkan meniadakan hak seseorang untuk ikut serta dalam menggunakan hak azasinya. Hal ini jelas merupakan pelanggaran terhadap hak azasi seseorang, yang dalam hal ini hak politik yang dimiliki oleh seorang mantan narapidana khususnya pada kasus korupsi. Apabila kita mencermati ketentuan UUD 1945, maka seorang mantan narapidana juga sebagai warga negara yang memiliki hak politik yang sama dengan warga negara lainnya. Hak Uji materiel terhadap peraturan yang  bertentangan dengan Undang-Undang Dasar 1945, maka kewenangan hak menguji ada pada Mahkamah Konstitusi (MK). Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi memberi kepastian hukum bahwa seorang mantan Narapidana kasus korupsi masih diperbolehkan untuk mencalonkan diri pada pemilihan kepala daerah karena mantan narapidana masih memiliki hak politik sebagai warga negara. Untuk dapat mencalonkan diri pada pemilihan kepala daerah, maka mantan narapidana setelah melewati masa 5 (lima) tahun  selesai menjalani masa hukuman dan telah kembali kepada kehidupan masyarakat sebagaimana kehidupan masyarakat lainnya. Menghormati hak politik mantan narapidana kasus korupsi sebagai pengakuan terhadap hak azasi manusia dalam negara Republik Indonesia yang merupakan hak konstitusional yang diatur dalam UUD Tahun 1945. Kata Kunci : Narapidana, Judisial Review, Hak, Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi ABSTRACTPolitical rights are protected by law, both internationally and nationally. Internationally, political rights are regulated by the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) and the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR). Political rights are also protected by our constitution and several other laws and regulations, especially Law No. 39 of 1999 concerning Human Rights. There is a provision which is a requirement to run for election which clearly limits and even negates a person's right to participate in exercising their human rights. This is clearly a violation of a person's human rights, which in this case the political rights of an ex-convict, especially in cases of corruption. If we look at the provisions of the 1945 Constitution, an ex-convict is also a citizen who has the same political rights as other citizens. The right to judicial review of regulations that are contrary to the 1945 Constitution, the authority of the right to examine lies with the Constitutional Court (MK). The Constitutional Court's decision provides legal certainty that a former convict in a corruption case is still allowed to run for regional head elections because ex-convicts still have political rights as citizens. To be able to run for regional head elections, ex-convicts after passing through a period of 5 (five) years have finished serving their sentence and have returned to community life as other people's lives. Respect the political rights of ex-convicts of corruption cases as an acknowledgment of human rights in the Republic of Indonesia which are constitutional rights regulated in the 1945 Constitution. Keywords: Prisoners, Judicial Review, Rights, Constitutional Court Decisions


2020 ◽  
Author(s):  

The COVID-19 outbreak has affected the world in all respects, including democracy and fundamental freedoms such as the freedoms of expression and movement, and the right to health. This presents a central challenge for democracies: how to balance mitigating the outbreak and at the same time respecting democratic principles such as accountability, transparency and respect for civil and political rights. Many countries have implemented stringent restrictions to contain the virus, which have implications for human rights and freedoms. The Embassy of Sweden to the Republic of Korea and International IDEA co-organized a webinar on 9 June 2020 to examine the pandemic’s potential consequences for democracy worldwide using the case studies of Australia, the Republic of Korea and Sweden.


2018 ◽  
Vol 112 (4) ◽  
pp. 713-719
Author(s):  
Harrison Mbori

In its landmark November 24, 2017 judgment in Ingabire Victoire Umuhoza v. The Republic of Rwanda, the African Court on Human and Peoples’ Rights (ACtHPR) or Court) held that certain aspects of the right to a fair trial (presumption of innocence and illegal searches) and the right to freedom of expression under the African Charter on Human and Peoples’ Rights (Banjul Charter) and the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR) had been violated by the Republic of Rwanda (Respondent State). In its final orders, however, the Court rejected the applicant's prayer for immediate release and deferred its decision on other forms of reparation. The judgment has broad implications on how African states protect and respect the rights to a fair trial and freedom of expression. The case also offers some vital lessons on state backlash towards human rights litigation and African states’ compliance with decisions of international courts (ICs).


2013 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 199-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph Rikhof

There exists a strong synergy between the regulation at the international level of minority rights, asylum and criminal prosecutions of violations of human rights. The aspirations of minorities as a human right are recognised in the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights while the violation of such a right can confer on a victim the status of refugee in a third country. As well, persons who are responsible for causing very serious disruptions to the rights of minorities and other groups can be brought to justice for the commission of genocide and crimes against humanity, particularly persecution. While in general there has been a clear distinction between the granting of asylum or refugee status to victims of persecution one hand and the prosecution of perpetrators of persecution on the other, these two notions have been brought together into the concept of exclusion in order to address the phenomenon of persons with a criminal background being part of the refugee stream arriving in a third country. Exclusion is an essential part of refugee law to ensure that persons who have committed criminal acts will not benefit from the benefits set out in the Refugee Convention. This article will discuss the parameters of exclusion as determined by the jurisprudence in six countries in North America and Europe where this issue has been at the forefront in the last decade.


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