scholarly journals Los donativos de la ciudad de Sevilla durante el reinado de Carlos II

1998 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manuel Escalona Jiménez
Keyword(s):  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
The Other ◽  
Economic Power ◽  
Military Campaigns ◽  
Sobre Todo

La petición de cantidades extraordinarias de dinero bajo la denominación de donativos, para atender a los gatos derivados sobre todo del mantenimiento de las tropas durante las campañas militares y el abastecimiento de la Armada, fue una costumbre puesta en práctica a partir del reinado de Felipe II y continuada por sus sucesores. En el reinado de Carlos II se quiso suavizar la presión fiscal, eliminando las peticiones extraordinarias de dinero. Pero cuando surgían los conflictos bélicos el único recurso posible era el donativo, pues el resto de las cantidades recaudadas estaban ya empeñadas en otros menesteres. La ciudad de Sevilla, que se había caracterizado por la generosidad de los donativos ofrecidos al rey, no disponía ya durante la época de Carlos II del poder económico de antaño y tenía grandes dificultades para recaudar las cantidades ofrecidas y hacer frente al mismo tiempo a los donativos del reinado anterior aún pendientes, ya que los arbitrios que se imponían no daban el fruto apetecido. Por lo tanto, al final del siglo xvii no quedó otra solución que la de limitar al máximo esta forma de contribución extraordinaria a la Monarquía.The request for an extra amount of money, called donativo, in order to meet the expenses originated by the maintenance of troops during military campaigns and the suppiying of the Navy, was a practice held from Philipp ITs reign and continued by his sucessors. In Charles II's reign, a lessening of tax pression was intended, by means of removing the requests of extra money. But, in the occasion of war conflicts, the only possible resources were the donativos, because the other taxes had been already used for other needs. Seville, which would stand out for the generosity of its donativos, had not the same economic power as in past times, and was in great trouble to collect the money for the new and the oíd financial help granted to the king, because the taxes did not produce the expected results. Therefore, at the end of the seventeenth century there was no other solution but reducing to the máximum this way of extra contribution to the Monarchy.

Psychology of the Market and Economic Power (On Psychological Approach of Alan Greenspan to the Analysis of Economic Problems)

2011 ◽  
pp. 99-118
Author(s):  
Yu. Olsevich
Keyword(s):  
Economic Policy ◽  
Institutional Transformation ◽  
The Other ◽  
Economic Power ◽  
Psychological Approach ◽  
Market System ◽  
Economic Problems ◽  
Systemic Crisis ◽  
Micro Level ◽  
The One

The article analyzes the psychological basis of the theory and economic policy of libertarianism, as contained in the book by A. Greenspan "The Age of Turbulence", clarifies the strengths and weaknesses of this doctrine that led to its discredit in 2008. It presents a new understanding of liberalization in 1980-1990s as a process of institutional transformation at the micro and meso levels, implemented by politicians and entrepreneurs with predatory and opportunistic mentality. That process caused, on the one hand, the acceleration of growth, on the other hand - the erosion of informal foundations of a market system. With psychology and ideology of libertarianism, it is impossible to perceive real macro risks generated at the micro level, which lead to a systemic crisis, and to develop measures to prevent it.

The Musical Topic of the Mass in B Minor

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel R. Melamed
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
Church Music ◽  
Sacred Music ◽  
The Other ◽  
Entire Spectrum ◽  
Giovanni Pierluigi Da Palestrina ◽  
Early Eighteenth Century

If there is a fundamental musical subject of Johann Sebastian Bach’s Mass in B Minor, a compositional problem the work explores, it is the tension between two styles cultivated in church music of Bach’s time. One style was modern and drew on up-to-date music such as the instrumental concerto and the opera aria. The other was old-fashioned and fundamentally vocal, borrowing and adapting the style of Giovanni Pierluigi da Palestrina, his sixteenth-century contemporaries, and his seventeenth-century imitators. The movements that make up Bach’s Mass can be read as exploring the entire spectrum of possibilities offered by these two styles (the modern and the antique), ranging from movements purely in one or the other to a dazzling variety of ways of combining the two. The work illustrates a fundamental opposition in early-eighteenth-century sacred music that Bach confronts and explores in the Mass.

Temporality and Truth

2013 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 377-389 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel W. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Laws Of Nature ◽  
Continuous Variation ◽  
Pure Form ◽  
The Other ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The One ◽  
Time Image ◽  
Positive Light

This paper examines the intersecting of the themes of temporality and truth in Deleuze's philosophy. For the ancients, truth was something eternal: what was true was true in all times and in all places. Temporality (coming to be and passing away) was the realm of the mutable, not the eternal. In the seventeenth century, change began to be seen in a positive light (progress, evolution, and so on), but this change was seen to be possible only because of the immutable laws of nature that govern change. It was not until philosophers such as Bergson, James, Whitehead – and then Deleuze – that time began to be taken seriously on its own account. On the one hand, in Deleuze, time, freed from its subordination to movement, now becomes autonomous: it is the pure form of change (continuous variation) that lies at the basis of Deleuze's metaphysics in Difference and Repetition (and is explored more thematically in The Time-Image). As a result, on the other hand, the false, freed from its subordination to the form of the true, assumes a power of its own (the power of the false), which in turn implies a new ‘analytic of the concept’ that Deleuze develops in What Is Philosophy?

Bilingual Heaven: Was There a Distinct Persianate Islam in the Early Modern Ottoman Empire?

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 214-241
Author(s):  
Aslıhan Gürbüzel
Keyword(s):  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Early Modern ◽  
Ottoman Empire ◽  
The Other ◽  
Reform Movement ◽  
Sacred Text ◽  
Native Languages ◽  
Islamic Tradition ◽  
Legal Discourses ◽  
Other World

Abstract What is the language of heaven? Is Arabic the only language allowed in the eternal world of the virtuous, or will Muslims continue to speak their native languages in the other world? While learned scholars debated the language of heaven since the early days of Islam, the question gained renewed vigor in seventeenth century Istanbul against the background of a puritan reform movement which criticized the usage of Persian and the Persianate canon as sacred text. In response, Mevlevī authors argued for the discursive authority of the Persianate mystical canon in Islamic tradition (sunna). Focusing on this debate, this article argues that early modern Ottoman authors recognized non-legal discourses as integral and constitutive parts of the Islamic tradition. By adopting the imagery of bilingual heaven, they conceptualized Islamic tradition as a diverse discursive tradition. Alongside diversity, another important feature of Persianate Islam was a positive propensity towards innovations.

Invisible Architectures

2000 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 121-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hans-Jörg Rheinberger
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Historical Development ◽  
Basic Problem ◽  
Life Sciences ◽  
The Other ◽  
Modern Life ◽  
Historical Process ◽  
Strategy I ◽  
The Invisible

The ArgumentIn this essay I will sketch a few instances of how, and a few forms in which, the “invisible” became an epistemic category in the development of the life sciences from the seventeenth century through the end of the nineteenth century. In contrast to most of the other papers in this issue, I do not so much focus on the visualization of various little entities, and the tools and contexts in which a visual representation of these things was realized. I will be more concerned with the basic problem of introducing entities or structures that cannot be seen, as elements of an explanatory strategy. I will try to review the ways in which the invisibility of such entities moved from the unproblematic status of just being too small to be accessible to the naked or even the armed eye, to the problematic status of being invisible in principle and yet being indispensable within a given explanatory framework. The epistemological concern of the paper is thus to sketch the historical process of how the “unseen” became a problem in the modern life sciences. The coming into being of the invisible as a space full of paradoxes is itself the product of a historical development that still awaits proper reconstruction.

scholarly journals Stratigraphy of the wall paintings in the main church of the Praskvica Monastery

Zograf ◽  
2014 ◽  
pp. 153-163
Author(s):  
Dragan Vojvodic
Keyword(s):  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
Wall Painting ◽  
The Other ◽  
Stylistic Analysis ◽  
Wall Paintings ◽  
The West ◽  
The Third ◽  
Technical Features ◽  
The Church

In the katholikon of the monastery of Praskvica there are remains of two layers of post-Byzantine wall-painting: the earlier, from the third quarter of the sixteenth century, and later, from the first half of the seventeenth century, which is the conclusion based on stylistic analysis and technical features. The portions of frescoes belonging to one or the other layer can be clearly distinguished from one another and the content of the surviving representations read more thoroughly than before. It seems that the remains of wall-painting on what originally was the west facade of the church also belong to the earlier layer. It is possible that the church was not frescoed in the lifetime of its ktetor, Balsa III Balsic.

scholarly journals Competencia internacional en materia de expedición de certificados sucesorios: a propósito de la Sentencia del TJUE 21 junio 2018, Vincent Pierre Oberle, C-20/17 = Jurisdiction in the issuance of succession certificates: purpose to the CJEU Judgement of 21st June 2018 Vincent Pierre Oberle, C-20/17

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 473
Author(s):  
María José Castellanos Ruiz
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Advocate General ◽  
Member States ◽  
International Jurisdiction ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Specific Regulation ◽  
Sobre Todo

Resumen: En el Reglamento (UE) 650/2012 no existe una norma específica que regule la competencia en materia de expedición de certificados sucesorios nacionales, incluso no se utiliza nunca la expresión “certificado sucesorio nacional” como tal, sino que los denomina “documentos internos empleados en los Estados miembros para fines similares” a los de los certificados sucesorios europeos. Sin embargo, dicho instrumento internacional sí que contempla una regulación específica relativa a la competencia en materia de expedición de certificados sucesorios europeos (art. 64 Reglamento (UE) 650/2012). Pues bien, ante la “aparente laguna legal” en relación con los certificados sucesorios nacionales, se debe determinar, si dentro del concepto de “totalidad de la sucesión” -que indica el ámbito de aplicación del Reglamento-, se encuentran dichos certificados. En cuyo caso, las normas de competencia del capítulo II del Reglamento sucesorio serían de aplicación a la expedición de los certificados sucesorios nacionales y a los procedimientos relativos a ellos. En este sentido, la Sentencia del TJUE 21 junio 2018, Vincent Pierre Oberle, C-20/17 y, sobre todo, las Conclusiones del Abogado General Sr. M. Szpunar, han venido a solucionar esta “laguna legal”, así como otras cuestiones planteadas de gran importancia, en relación con el asunto concreto que se estaba dirimiendo. Se debe destacar que, con el fallo de la sentencia, se resuelve una cuestión que puede ser relevante para todos los Estados miembros en los que se contempla la posibilidad de que los órganos judiciales expidan certificados sucesorios nacionales.Palabras clave: Reglamento (UE) 650/2012, certificado sucesorio nacional, certificado sucesorio europeo, competencia internacional, tribunal, notario, resolución, totalidad de la sucesión.Abstract: In Regulation (EU) 650/2012 there is no specific provision that regulates the competence in the issue of national certificates of succession, even the term “national succession of certificate” is never used as such, but rather calls them “internal documents used for similar purposes in the Member States” to those of European Certificates of Succession. However, this international instrument contemplates a specific regulation governing the competence in the issue of European Certificate of Succession (art. 64 Regulation (EU) 650/2012). Well, given the “apparent legal loophole” in relation to national certificates of succession, it must be determined, if within the concept “succession as a whole” -which indicates the scope of the Regulation-, such certificates are found. In which case, the jurisdiction rules of Chapter II of this Regulation would apply to the issuance of national certificates of succession and the procedures related to them. In this regard, the CJEU Judgement of 21st June 2018, Vincent Pierre Oberle, C-20/17, and, above all, the Conclusions of the Advocate General Mr. M. Szpunar, have come to solve this “legal loophole”, as well as others issues raised of great importance, in relation to the specific issue that was being settled. This case, on the other hand, involves the resolution of an issue which could be relevant to all Member States where provision is made for judicial authorities to issue national certificates of succession. Keywords: Regulation (EU) 650/2012, national certificate of succession, European Certificate of Succession, international jurisdiction, court, notary, resolution, succession as a whole.

scholarly journals The Bishop’s Role in Two Non-Catholic States

2015 ◽  
Vol 95 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 245-255
Author(s):  
Tadhg Ó hAnnracháin
Keyword(s):  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Early Modern ◽  
The State ◽  
The Other ◽  
Crucial Aspect ◽  
Religious Reform ◽  
Confessional Identity ◽  
The One ◽  
Catholic Reform

This paper contrasts the very different roles played by the Catholic hierarchy in Ireland, on the one hand, and Turkish-occupied Hungary, on the other, in the movement of early modern religious reform. It suggests that the decision of Propaganda Fide to adopt an episcopal model of organisation in Ireland after 1618, despite the obvious difficulties posed by the Protestant nature of the state, was a crucial aspect of the consolidation of a Catholic confessional identity within the island. The importance of the hierarchy in leadership terms was subsequently demonstrated in the short-lived period of de facto independence during the 1640s and after the repression of the Cromwellian period the episcopal model was successfully revived in the later seventeenth century. The paper also offers a parallel examination of the case of Turkish Hungary, where an effective episcopal model of reform could not be adopted, principally because of the jurisdictional jealousy of the Habsburg Kings of Hungary, who continued to claim rights of nomination to Turkish controlled dioceses but whose nominees were unable to reside in their sees. Consequently, the hierarchy of Turkish-occupied Hungary played little or no role in the movement of Catholic reform, prior to the Habsburg reconquest.

Paradoxes of Christian Solitude in the Seventeenth Century

2014 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean-Louis Quantin
Keyword(s):  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Religious Discourse ◽  
The Other ◽  
Contemporary Society ◽  
Moral Dimension ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The Status ◽  
Self Knowledge ◽  
The One

AbstractIn seventeenth-century religious discourse, the status of solitude was deeply ambivalent: on the one hand, solitude was valued as a setting and preparation for self-knowledge and meditation; on the other hand, it had negative associations with singularity, pride and even schism. The ambiguity of solitude reflected a crucial tension between the temptation to withdraw from contemporary society, as hopelessly corrupt, and endeavours to reform it. Ecclesiastical movements which stood at the margins of confessional orthodoxies, such as Jansenism (especially in its moral dimension of Rigorism), Puritanism and Pietism, targeted individual conscience but also worked at controlling and disciplining popular behaviour. They may be understood as attempts to pursue simultaneously withdrawal and engagement.

scholarly journals Dynamics of Continuity and Change: Shifts in Labour Relations in the Potosí Mines (1680–1812)

2016 ◽  
Vol 61 (S24) ◽  
pp. 93-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rossana Barragán Romano
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
The Other ◽  
Economic Sectors ◽  
Labour Relations ◽  
Continuity And Change ◽  
The One

AbstractLabour relations in the silver mines of Potosí are almost synonymous with the mita, a system of unfree work that lasted from the end of the sixteenth century until the beginning of the nineteenth century. However, behind this continuity there were important changes, but also other forms of work, both free and self-employed. The analysis here is focused on how the “polity” contributed to shape labour relations, especially from the end of the seventeenth century and throughout the eighteenth century. This article scrutinizes the labour policies of the Spanish monarchy on the one hand, which favoured certain economic sectors and regions to ensure revenue, and on the other the initiatives both of mine entrepreneurs and workers – unfree, free, and self-employed – who all contributed to changing the system of labour.

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