Protestants at War? (1971–72)

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gareth Mulvenna
Keyword(s):  
Working Class ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Oral Histories ◽  
To Receive

Chapter Four continues from the second half of 1971, highlighting the increasing fear among journalists and politicians that the Tartan gangs were more than mere hooligans. As violence increased, the Tartans began to receive growing support among the adult population in Protestant working-class communities. In this chapter the oral histories describe the first experimentations by many of the young loyalists in paramilitary activity in late 1971 and early 1972 and how the loyalist paramilitary response related to the perceived defence of Protestant working-class communities.

scholarly journals Use of Virtual Reality for the Management of Anxiety and Pain in Dental Treatments: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 1025 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nansi López-Valverde ◽  
Jorge Muriel Fernández ◽  
Antonio López-Valverde ◽  
Luis F. Valero Juan ◽  
Juan Manuel Ramírez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Reality ◽  
Dental Treatment ◽  
Pediatric Population ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Dental Anxiety ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Dental Procedures ◽  
Reduction Of Pain ◽  
To Receive

Background: Dental treatments often cause pain and anxiety in patients. Virtual reality (VR) is a novel procedure that can provide distraction during dental procedures or prepare patients to receive such type of treatments. This meta-analysis is the first to gather evidence on the effectiveness of VR on the reduction of pain (P) and dental anxiety (DA) in patients undergoing dental treatment, regardless of age. Methods: MEDLINE, CENTRAL, PubMed, EMBASE, Wiley Library and Web of Science were searched for scientific articles in November 2019. The keywords used were: “virtual reality”, “distraction systems”, “dental anxiety” and “pain”. Studies where VR was used for children and adults as a measure against anxiety and pain during dental treatments were included. VR was defined as a three-dimensional environment that provides patients with a sense of immersion, transporting them to appealing and interactive settings. Anxiety and pain results were assessed during dental treatments where VR was used, and in standard care situations. Results: 31 studies were identified, of which 14 met the inclusion criteria. Pain levels were evaluated in four studies (n = 4), anxiety levels in three (n = 3) and anxiety and pain together in seven (n = 7). Our meta-analysis was based on ten studies (n = 10). The effect of VR was studied mainly in the pediatric population (for pain SMD = −0.82). In the adult population, only two studies (not significant) were considered. Conclusions: The findings of the meta-analysis show that VR is an effective distraction method to reduce pain and anxiety in patients undergoing a variety of dental treatments; however, further research on VR as a tool to prepare patients for dental treatment is required because of the scarcity of studies in this area.

scholarly journals Attractive Flu Shot: A Behavioral Approach to Increasing Influenza Vaccination Uptake Rates

2020 ◽  
Vol 40 (6) ◽  
pp. 774-784 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amnon Maltz ◽  
Adi Sarid
Keyword(s):  
Adult Population ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Vaccine Uptake ◽  
Behavioral Approach ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Monetary Benefit ◽  
Uptake Rates ◽  
Flu Shot ◽  
To Receive

Background. We suggest and examine a behavioral approach to increasing seasonal influenza vaccine uptake. Our idea combines behavioral effects generated by a dominated option, together with more traditional tools, such as providing information and recommendations. Methods. Making use of the seasonal nature of the flu, our treatments present participants with 2 options to receive the shot: early in the season, which is recommended and hence “attractive,” or later. Three additional layers are examined: 1) mentioning that the vaccine is more likely to run out of stock late in the season, 2) the early shot is free while the late one costs a fee, and 3) the early shot carries a monetary benefit. We compare vaccination intentions in these treatments to those of a control group who were invited to receive the shot regardless of timing. Results. Using a sample of the Israeli adult population ( n = 3271), we found positive effects of all treatments on vaccination intentions, and these effects were significant for 3 of the 4 treatments. In addition, the vast majority of those who are willing to vaccinate intend to get the early shot. Conclusions. Introducing 2 options to get vaccinated against influenza (early or late) positively affects intentions to receive the flu shot. In addition, this approach nudges participants to take the shot in early winter, a timing that has been shown to be more cost-effective.

scholarly journals P1: Acceptability and willingness to receive short message service regarding HIV healthcare information in a HIV adult population in Mexico City

2014 ◽  
Vol 17 (2(Suppl 1)) ◽  
Author(s):  
Crabtree-Ramírez Brenda ◽  
Caro-Vega Yanink ◽  
Sosa-Rubi Sandra G ◽  
Kwan Ada ◽  
Sierra-Madero Juan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mexico City ◽  
Short Message Service ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Short Message ◽  
Healthcare Information ◽  
Message Service ◽  
To Receive

scholarly journals ‘We could be anything we wanted to be’: remembering Jimmy Rogers

Race & Class ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 62-84
Author(s):  
Michael Romyn
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Working Class ◽  
Inner City ◽  
Black Men ◽  
Institutional Racism ◽  
Oral Histories ◽  
Youth Services ◽  
Self Help ◽  
Self Reliance ◽  
Alternative Community

Between 1967 and his death in 2018, Jimmy Rogers, a unique figure in the UK’s black self-help movement, dedicated himself to the welfare of black young people via basketball. Through Rogers’ own words and oral histories of individuals who knew him, this article traces his path from Liverpool 8, where he introduced organised basketball in 1967, to London, where he established the Brixton Topcats basketball club in response to the ‘riots’ of 1981. Rogers learnt through his own life of hardship – of being brought up ‘in care’ – the need for discipline, self-belief and self-reliance. And he used these experiences and his basketball skills to mentor generations of dispossessed young black men and later women, who found, through his clubs, an antidote to a world of institutional racism, economic hardships, and heavy-handed policing. At a time of drastic cuts in youth services, he showed the importance of alternative community-led youth provision to black working-class inner-city residents.

Waiting for Change

2019 ◽  
pp. 49-76
Author(s):  
Ashwin Desai ◽  
Goolam Vahed
Keyword(s):  
Working Class ◽  
Life Histories ◽  
Oral Histories ◽  
Rare Phenomenon

Through the story of the life histories of Indian waiters who dominated the trade historically, we show how, historically, working class waiters used their closeness to whites to solicit jobs for their children, develop sporting interests, and even secure state housing. This chapter, through developing oral histories, provides fascinating insights into how waiters made a life both inside and outside the industry and how the de-racializing of the trade by the hiring of cheaper black labour meant that they could not hand down jobs to their children and broader family. Today, Indian waiters are a rare phenomenon but some keep old networks going, supporting each other in times of need.

Stay-at-Home Mothers

2020 ◽  
pp. 30-44
Author(s):  
Jessi Streib
Keyword(s):  
Middle Class ◽  
Working Class ◽  
Institutional Knowledge ◽  
Class Reproduction ◽  
Upper Middle Class ◽  
To Receive ◽  
College Educated ◽  
At Home

Women who identify as stay-at-home mothers have only one option for class reproduction: through marriage. Most college-educated professional men now marry college-educated women. Women raised with college-educated mothers tend to receive enough academic and institutional knowledge from their mothers to graduate from college, marry a college-educated professional, and reproduce their class position. Women raised without college-educated mothers tend to inherit less academic and institutional knowledge and struggle with or reject college. Wanting to become stay-at-home mothers, they marry young—but to working-class men who further their slide out of the upper-middle class.

scholarly journals Safe for Whom? And Whose Families? Narrative, Urban Neoliberalism, and Queer Oral History on San Francisco’s Polk Street

2020 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 86-113
Author(s):  
Joseph Plaster
Keyword(s):  
Working Class ◽  
Oral History ◽  
Gay Men ◽  
San Francisco ◽  
Sex Workers ◽  
Homeless Youth ◽  
Oral Histories ◽  
Family Structures ◽  
Biological Family ◽  
Queer Politics

In this essay I reflect on my experience as director of Polk Street: Lives in Transition, a project that drew on oral histories to intervene in debates about gentrification, homelessness, sex work, queer politics, and public safety in the highly polarized setting of gentrifying San Francisco. From 2008–10, I recorded more than seventy oral histories from people experiencing the transformation of the city’s Polk Street from a working-class queer commercial district to a gentrified entertainment destination serving the city’s growing elite. Oral histories enabled me to document a local past rich in non-biological family structures, which I interpreted through public “listening parties,” professionally mediated neighborhood dialogues, a traveling multimedia exhibit, and radio documentaries. The project challenged gentrifiers’ claims to be promoting “safety” and “family” by positing alternative understandings of both concepts drawn from oral histories with transgender women, queer homeless youth, sex workers, and working-class gay men who had made Polk Street their home.

Post-tonsillectomy analgesia: The use of benzocaine lozenges

1988 ◽  
Vol 102 (9) ◽  
pp. 813-814 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. H. Dempster
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Analogue Scale ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Significant Degree ◽  
Conventional Management ◽  
Post Operative Pain ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
To Receive ◽  
Oral Analgesia

AbstractTonsillectomy frequently results in a significant degree of post-operative pain. Conventional management consists of the administration of intra-muscular opiates prior to the commencement of oral analgesia and is often inadequate, producing variable levels of pain relief.One of the recommended uses of benzocaine lozenges is the relief of throat discomfort following tonsillectomy, but there are no clinical trials to support this claim. Therefore, a prospective placebo controlled trial was undertaken to compare the efficacy of benzocaine lozenges (10 mg.) with standard oral analgesia in the management of post-operative pain following tonsillectomy in an adult population.Consecutive patients undergoing elective tonsillectomy were randomised to receive either benzocaine lozenges (10 mg.) or placebo. Intake of supplementary oral analgesia was recorded, and the level of postoperative pain was assessed by use of a visual linear analogue scale. There was no significant difference in analgesic intake or pain severity as measured by linear analogue between the two groups.These results suggest that there is no benefit in administering benzocaine lozenges for the relief of post-tonsillectomy pain, and its use in this situation cannot be recommended.

The Colonial State and Wage Labor in Postwar Sierra Leone, 1945–1960: Attempts at Remaking the Working Class

1997 ◽  
Vol 52 ◽  
pp. 87-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ibrahim Abdullah
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Working Class ◽  
Sierra Leone ◽  
Working Conditions ◽  
Industrial Relations ◽  
Wage Labor ◽  
Colonial State ◽  
Working Class History ◽  
To Receive

The elaborate “remaking” of the African working class that took off in earnest in the period after 1945 has only recently begun to receive the attention of scholars working on African labor and working-class history. This process of remaking, as in nineteenth-century England, essentially involved the incorporation of the African working class into a system of industrial relations which would guarantee it a stake in society with regard to jobs, wages, housing, and general working conditions.

The Bases of National Front Support

1980 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 271-283 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Harrop ◽  
Judith England ◽  
Christopher T. Husbands
Keyword(s):  
Working Class ◽  
Population Analysis ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
British Politics ◽  
Right Wing ◽  
General Study ◽  
The West ◽  
National Front ◽  
National Surveys ◽  
West Midlands

The National Front (NF) is of interest both to students of British politics and to political sociologists interested in the general study of contemporary right-wing movements. This article examines the extent of public sympathy for the NF and identifies factors distinguishing NF voters from the rest of the adult population. Analysis of twenty-two national surveys shows that less than 1 per cent of the adult population aged fifteen or older are prepared to say that they intend to vote for the NF, although about 5 per cent can be assessed as potential NF voters and about another 10 per cent are sympathetic to the party. NF voting is located disproportionately among younger working-class males living in London and the West Midlands.

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