Beginnings: Medicine and Social Mobility, c.1850–1950

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Kelly
Keyword(s):  
Medical Students ◽  
Social Mobility ◽  
Student Mobility ◽  
Social Background ◽  
Irish Context ◽  
The Social ◽  
Medical Career ◽  
Personal Accounts ◽  
Oral History Interviews ◽  
Insight Into

This chapter provides an overview of the social backgrounds of a sample of medical students matriculating at Irish universities in the period arguing that in the Irish context, a medical career was an important avenue to social mobility for many students. Statistics relating to social background have been garnered through the use of matriculation records at Irish institutions and they suggest that the majority of students came from the middle or ‘middling’ classes but that there were important variations between Irish universities. Matriculation records also provide an insight into the geographic backgrounds of students, their previous education and where they lived during university. Drawing on the personal accounts of medical students in doctors’ memoirs, oral history interviews and student magazines, the chapter also assesses the reasons which underpinned men and women’s decision to pursue medicine in this period, arguing that social mobility was often at the heart of these decisions. Choice of medical school was also dependent on a range of factors, while students also had a choice of whether to aim at a degree or licence. Moreover, many nineteenth-century graduates obtained their qualifications in Scotland and England, so the issue of student mobility is particularly important in the Irish context.

Place-Identity in boundaryless careers: Narratives of medical students from lower socio-economic class backgrounds

2020 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-35
Author(s):  
Emily Róisín Reid
Keyword(s):  
Medical Students ◽  
Social Mobility ◽  
Identity Theory ◽  
Medical Schools ◽  
Place Identity ◽  
Dark Side ◽  
Economic Class ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Boundaryless Careers

Medical schools are working to widen access to students from lower socio-economic backgrounds, particularly through targeted recruitment within under-doctored regions of the UK. Drawing upon recent research, this article explores ways that place- identity theory can be helpful to career professionals, particularly when thinking about the extent to which where individuals are from influences where they (can) go and what they might need to sacrifice to get there. Bounded student narratives expose the 'dark side' of the social mobility agenda and clash with the quasi-colonial 'world is your oyster' rhetoric of the boundaryless career. Implications for practice are discussed.

scholarly journals Costs of social mobility in the context of intimate partner relationships. “It is really easy to be angry at someone who is in front of me and not at the system, which produces the inequalities between us”

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 51-73
Author(s):  
Fanni Dés
Keyword(s):  
Partner Selection ◽  
Social Background ◽  
Intimate Relationship ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Ethnic Inequality ◽  
Internal Conflicts ◽  
The Social ◽  
Intimate Partner Relationships ◽  
Gender Education ◽  
Personal Accounts

Power inequalities originating from capitalist patriarchy are having an impact on and even determining our personal relationships: gender, class and ethnic inequality are consistently present in our intimate ties as well (Ridgeway 2009). For socially mobile individuals from lower classes, one of the main costs of moving between social classes is to exist in the complex conflict that arises from distancing from the social class of origin in order to integrate into new social spaces (Bourdieu 2005, Friedman 2016). These internal conflicts that are caused by broadened social structures are also present not just in the difficulty of finding a desired romantic partner (Durst at al. 2014) but in the process of sustaining an intimate relationship with someone from a particular social background as well. Structural inequalities are also determinative factors in partner selection, education homogamy and ethnic homogamy are highly present in society (Kamijn 1993, 1998, 2010, Kang Fu 2001). In this paper, through analysing narratives of educationally upwardly mobile women in Hungary, regarding intimate partner selection and looking at intimate relationships themselves, I aim to discover how their narratives reflect upon the hidden costs of mobility. I show how gender, education and ethnic inequalities emerge through the personal accounts of their mobility experiences and to what extent these inequalities determine the process of finding a desired partner or sustaining an existing intimate relationship.

The Social Setting of Wisdom Literature

2021 ◽  
pp. 336-352
Author(s):  
Mark Sneed
Keyword(s):  
Social Class ◽  
Social Background ◽  
Wisdom Literature ◽  
Social Setting ◽  
Social Variables ◽  
Intended Audience ◽  
The Social ◽  
Original Audience ◽  
Insight Into

The question of the social setting of the biblical Wisdom Literature is an interesting one in that this type of literature seeks to exclude its social background as much as possible. Wisdom Literature, by its very nature, ostensibly portrays itself as universal in its appeal. The social setting of the biblical Wisdom Literature is introduced in this chapter, in order to provide insight into how a range of social facets impinge on their interpretation. Attention focuses on the Israelite scribal context for this literature and the location of its authors/original audience in the retainer social class. Other social variables treated are power, age, gender, and status of both the intended audience and its authors.

The Role of Arts and Humanities in undergraduate Medical Curricula

2009 ◽  
Vol 24 (S1) ◽  
pp. 1-1
Author(s):  
E. Sukhanova
Keyword(s):  
Medical Students ◽  
Human Condition ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Additional Insight ◽  
Arts And Humanities ◽  
The Social ◽  
Interpretive Skills ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Specific Learning

This paper will explore possible ways of integrating humanities disciplines in medical education.In today's world, medical students have to learn to understand the social and cultural environment in which medicine is practiced. The humanities have long since have been the principal site of diversity in the academy. Now they can help medical students come to terms with diversity that is the context ot today's medicine.Studies in arts and humanities help recognize the limitations of purely biotechnical approach to patient care, in complex and paradigm-changing ways. Such studies also pave the way for understanding how social assumptions and values play out in healthcare policies. In sum, the humanities provide an additional insight into the human condition, allowing students “to consider human beings in their totality,” in the words of Jean Delay, a pioneer of psychopharmacology who also maintained a literary career throughout his life.Furthermore, humanities contribute to the development of complex interpretive skills, embracing affective aspects of intelligence as much as they embrace conventional rationalist forms of inquiry such as logic, analysis, deconstruction and critique. There is some evidence that medical students who have an additional background in the humanities are less vulnerable to burnout while studying and go on to perform better in important areas of practice. Approaches to developing specific learning outcomes and curricular guidelines will be discussed.

scholarly journals Who achieves superior rates of upward social mobility and better labor market outcomes in China: international student returnees or postgraduates who study domestically?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyu Zhai ◽  
Xing Gao
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Social Mobility ◽  
Capital Accumulation ◽  
International Student ◽  
Student Mobility ◽  
Market Outcomes ◽  
Capital Theory ◽  
Transnational Higher Education ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Uk

AbstractGiven the growth in student mobility and transnational higher education, there is an abundance of research on international students’ studying and living experiences in a new environment. However, their poststudy transitions and social mobility have rarely been touched. This study addresses how student returnees perform in China’s labor market and social mobility, following their accomplishment of their master degree in the UK and return to China. In theoretical considerations of the graduates’ social mobility, Bourdieu’s capital theory helps identify the capital accumulation and conversion in the social mobility process. Based on a survey to collect data, 756 questionnaires are collected, including 347 questionnaires for returnees and 409 questionnaires for home graduates. Multi-regression model and visualization are employed to analyze the collected data. This study reports that home graduates have better performance in social mobility than their peers. Additionally, employment preference and spatial mobility between international and home graduates represent large diversity.

scholarly journals Social Origins of German Emigrants: Maintaining Social Status Through International Mobility?

2021 ◽  
pp. 139-153
Author(s):  
Nils Witte ◽  
Reinhard Pollak ◽  
Andreas Ette
Keyword(s):  
Social Mobility ◽  
Panel Study ◽  
Social Background ◽  
International Mobility ◽  
Social Origin ◽  
The Social ◽  
International Migrants ◽  
Upward Social Mobility ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Social Fluidity

AbstractThe prospect of upward social mobility is a central motive for international migration. Curiously, the nexus of spatial and social mobility attracted attention only relatively late and existing research on intergenerational social mobility usually concentrates on the constellation within the nation state. This chapter expands on this literature by investigating the intergenerational social mobility of international German migrants from the perspective of the country of origin. First, we focus on the social origin of internationally mobile and non-mobile persons using data from the German Emigration and Remigration Panel Study (GERPS) and the German Socio-Economic Panel (SOEP). How do the two groups differ in their social background? What kinds of capitals do international migrants inherit from their parents? In a second step, this chapter explores the differences in social fluidity between migrants and non-migrants. Does international mobility increase social fluidity? Our findings suggest that German emigrants are positively selected in terms of their social origin. Their parents are more likely to have academic degrees and to belong to the upper service classes compared with non-migrants. Although social fluidity is not significantly higher among emigrants compared with non-migrants, their risk of downward social mobility is significantly reduced.

‘An Open and Notorious House of Lewdness’: Dora Noyce and the Danube Street Brothel

2018 ◽  
pp. 114-128
Author(s):  
Roger Davidson
Keyword(s):  
Local Level ◽  
Social Background ◽  
Court Records ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of ◽  
Late Twentieth ◽  
The Law ◽  
Oral History Interviews ◽  
Second World ◽  
Late Twentieth Century

Chapter 6 explores the life of Dora Noyce and her business enterprise at 17 and 17a Danube Street, Edinburgh, as a peg upon which to hang a broader review of how the law operated at the local level to regulate prostitution and brothel-keeping in late twentieth-century Scotland. Primarily based on oral history interviews and newspaper reports, the study reveals the social background and outlook of Dora Noyce before describing the operation of her brothel, including details of sexual transactions and the social status and motivation of the women employed as prostitutes. Thereafter, the history of the Danube Street brothel is located within a more general review of the law relating to brothel keeping in Scotland and its previous implementation prior to the Second World War. The study then focuses on the possible reasons for the degree of tolerance shown by the police authorities in Edinburgh to Dora Noyce from the 1950s through to the 1970s and the extent to which this signified a more complex and nuanced relationship between the law and the sexual underworld than is conventionally conveyed in police and court records.

scholarly journals Education and Intergenerational Social Mobility in Europe and the United States

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
World War Ii ◽  
Social Mobility ◽  
Upward Mobility ◽  
Social Background ◽  
The United States ◽  
Downward Mobility ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Class Mobility ◽  
The Social

This book is about the role of education in shaping rates and patterns of intergenerational social mobility among men and women during the twentieth century. It examines intergenerational class mobility in the United States and seven European countries during this period. Class mobility compares the social class position of men and women with the class of the family they were born into. Mobility trends have been similar in all these countries, with increasing upward mobility among people born up to about 1950 and increasing downward mobility for those born later. The major driver of upward mobility was the massive changes in the occupational structure that took place in the thirty years after the end of World War II. Education was also important in promoting greater openness, not only through the growth of higher education, but also because, in many cases, the relationship between social background and educational attainment weakened.

The Social Background of Prussian Inventors and Entrepreneurs during the First Industrial Revolution

2021 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-41
Author(s):  
Alexander Donges ◽  
Felix Selgert
Keyword(s):  
Social Mobility ◽  
Informal Education ◽  
Formal Education ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Social Background ◽  
Lower Class ◽  
The Social ◽  
Inventive Activity ◽  
Over Time

Abstract In this paper, we study the social background of Prussian inventors in the mid-19th century, using biographical information for over 1,500 individuals that filed a patent in Prussia. There are four major findings. First, there is evidence for broadly based inventive activity, including a large number of inventors from middle- and lower-class backgrounds. Second, concerning the role of human capital, we argue that a combination of formal and informal education was crucial for the generation of innovation, though the importance of formal education increased over time. Third, we provide evidence that inventive activity fostered social mobility. Many inventors founded companies after they had filed a patent, suggesting that they could exploit their inventions commercially. Fourth, we show that inventors were highly mobile. Inventors migrated to the commercial centers of Prussia, in particular to Berlin and to the booming cities of the Rhine Province. In this regard, migration of highly skilled individuals may provide an explanation for the strong path-dependency that we observe when studying the geography of innovation and patenting.

The Social Origins and Provenance of the English Bishops during the Reign of Edward II

1959 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 51-79
Author(s):  
K. Edwards
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
Social Background ◽  
Early Career ◽  
The Political ◽  
Social Origins ◽  
Political Activities ◽  
Edward Ii ◽  
The Social ◽  
Complete Study ◽  
History Of

During the last twenty or twenty-five years medieval historians have been much interested in the composition of the English episcopate. A number of studies of it have been published on periods ranging from the eleventh to the fifteenth and early sixteenth centuries. A further paper might well seem superfluous. My reason for offering one is that most previous writers have concentrated on analysing the professional circles from which the bishops were drawn, and suggesting the influences which their early careers as royal clerks, university masters and students, secular or regular clergy, may have had on their later work as bishops. They have shown comparatively little interest in their social background and provenance, except for those bishops who belonged to magnate families. Some years ago, when working on the political activities of Edward II's bishops, it seemed to me that social origins, family connexions and provenance might in a number of cases have had at least as much influence on a bishop's attitude to politics as his early career. I there fore collected information about the origins and provenance of these bishops. I now think that a rather more careful and complete study of this subject might throw further light not only on the political history of the reign, but on other problems connected with the character and work of the English episcopate. There is a general impression that in England in the later middle ages the bishops' ties with their dioceses were becoming less close, and that they were normally spending less time in diocesan work than their predecessors in the thirteenth century.

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