scholarly journals Social Origins of German Emigrants: Maintaining Social Status Through International Mobility?

2021 ◽  
pp. 139-153
Author(s):  
Nils Witte ◽  
Reinhard Pollak ◽  
Andreas Ette
Keyword(s):  
Social Mobility ◽  
Panel Study ◽  
Social Background ◽  
International Mobility ◽  
Social Origin ◽  
The Social ◽  
International Migrants ◽  
Upward Social Mobility ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Social Fluidity

AbstractThe prospect of upward social mobility is a central motive for international migration. Curiously, the nexus of spatial and social mobility attracted attention only relatively late and existing research on intergenerational social mobility usually concentrates on the constellation within the nation state. This chapter expands on this literature by investigating the intergenerational social mobility of international German migrants from the perspective of the country of origin. First, we focus on the social origin of internationally mobile and non-mobile persons using data from the German Emigration and Remigration Panel Study (GERPS) and the German Socio-Economic Panel (SOEP). How do the two groups differ in their social background? What kinds of capitals do international migrants inherit from their parents? In a second step, this chapter explores the differences in social fluidity between migrants and non-migrants. Does international mobility increase social fluidity? Our findings suggest that German emigrants are positively selected in terms of their social origin. Their parents are more likely to have academic degrees and to belong to the upper service classes compared with non-migrants. Although social fluidity is not significantly higher among emigrants compared with non-migrants, their risk of downward social mobility is significantly reduced.

scholarly journals Dutch trade and patronage networks as facilitators of transcontinental mobility in early modern Russia and the VOC Cape

Historia ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-22
Author(s):  
B. Gorelik ◽  
G.J. Schutte
Keyword(s):  
Early Modern ◽  
Social Mobility ◽  
Early Modern Period ◽  
East India Company ◽  
High Status ◽  
Dutch East India Company ◽  
Trade Networks ◽  
The Social ◽  
Upward Social Mobility ◽  
Identity Transformations

The Swellengrebels were the most important family at the Cape under Dutch East India Company (VOC) rule to become members of the Netherlands governing elite. Hendrik Swellengrebel was the colony's only locally-born governor, while his father and other members of the family at the Cape were born in Russia. Their migration between Europe, Africa and Asia reflected the development and functioning of the Dutch trade and patrimonial networks. Even on the periphery, at the Cape and among Dutch expatriates in Russia, those networks provided opportunities for overseas employment and upward social mobility. The case of the Swellengrebels shows that not only goods but also people could make their way from Russia to the Cape and the VOC Asia. Patronage enabled both spatial and upward social mobility. Keeping mutually beneficial relations with influential patrons such as Nicolaes Witsen, members of the Swellengrebel family navigated their way within the Dutch trade networks and achieved prosperity and a high status in such culturally diverse societies as Russia and the Cape. The social advancement, identity transformations and transcontinental migrations of the Swellengrebel family demonstrate the materiality of transcontinental patrimonial networks in the early modern period.

scholarly journals Comparison of the effect of social background on the wages of Spanish graduates before and during a crisis context

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 154 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra Fachelli ◽  
Dani Torrents
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
Occupational Status ◽  
Social Background ◽  
Social Origin ◽  
Labour Market Situation ◽  
Job Destruction ◽  
The Social ◽  
Market Situation ◽  
The Relationship

The economic context may have modified the relationship between higher education and the labour market. The rise in university fees, the labour market situation and the behaviour of employers, families and students could activate social background as a differentiating factor in post-higher education occupational status. The objective of the present study is to analyze if the social origin affects the labor insertion of the graduates, measured through their income. The labor insertion of graduates is analyzed in 2011 (crisis period) and compared with 2005 (period of economic expansion).Two Spanish databases are used in this analysis: the 2005 and 2011 Living Conditions Survey. The results presented show no income inequality related to social class of graduates. Between 2005 and 2011 most unskilled occupations suffered job destruction, thus homogenizing to some extent the graduates who were working in 2011 and reducing the internal differences.

scholarly journals New Social Elevators in the Regional Space

2020 ◽  
pp. 131-159
Author(s):  
Yury G. Volkov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Public Space ◽  
Social Mobility ◽  
Symbolic Capital ◽  
Social Utility ◽  
Russian Society ◽  
Social Self ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Social ◽  
Upward Social Mobility ◽  
Expert Community

The problem of new social elevators in Russian society has entered the public space and has become abdiscussion space not only for the expert community, but also for practical managers. It is obvious that the social class and socio-territorial (spatial) barriers to upward social mobility generate abmultiplicative effect of social stagnation. According to the author of the article, new social elevators in the regional space are mechanisms of upward social mobility of subjects of the regional space (volunteer movements, social networks, subcultural practices), focused on changes in social status positions according to the criteria of social utility, social creativity, and social self-determination. Applying the principles of the resource approach (volume of capital, diversity capital, resource potential regional space, resursoemkost regional elite and non-elite actors of the regional space) on the basis of the results of all-Russian and regional sociological researches devoted to different aspects of the problem, it is concluded that the formation of abnew social mobility is the result of ab“social contract” with regional elites focus on social “capitalization” and the regional space, forming new social elevators within the framework of converting social and cultural-symbolic capital not for inclusion in regional elites, but for acquiring abresource of influence on making vital decisions for regional development.

Beginnings: Medicine and Social Mobility, c.1850–1950

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Kelly
Keyword(s):  
Medical Students ◽  
Social Mobility ◽  
Student Mobility ◽  
Social Background ◽  
Irish Context ◽  
The Social ◽  
Medical Career ◽  
Personal Accounts ◽  
Oral History Interviews ◽  
Insight Into

This chapter provides an overview of the social backgrounds of a sample of medical students matriculating at Irish universities in the period arguing that in the Irish context, a medical career was an important avenue to social mobility for many students. Statistics relating to social background have been garnered through the use of matriculation records at Irish institutions and they suggest that the majority of students came from the middle or ‘middling’ classes but that there were important variations between Irish universities. Matriculation records also provide an insight into the geographic backgrounds of students, their previous education and where they lived during university. Drawing on the personal accounts of medical students in doctors’ memoirs, oral history interviews and student magazines, the chapter also assesses the reasons which underpinned men and women’s decision to pursue medicine in this period, arguing that social mobility was often at the heart of these decisions. Choice of medical school was also dependent on a range of factors, while students also had a choice of whether to aim at a degree or licence. Moreover, many nineteenth-century graduates obtained their qualifications in Scotland and England, so the issue of student mobility is particularly important in the Irish context.

The Role of Education in the Social Mobility of Dutch Cohorts, 1908–74

2020 ◽  
pp. 173-195
Author(s):  
Richard Breen ◽  
Ruud Luijkx ◽  
Eline Berkers
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
Social Mobility ◽  
Class Structure ◽  
Service Class ◽  
Birth Cohorts ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social Fluidity

The Netherlands is well known for a sustained and marked trend towards greater social fluidity during the twentieth century. This chapter investigates trends in mobility across birth cohorts of Dutch men and women born in the first three-quarters of the twentieth century. During this time there was also a rapid upgrading of the Dutch class structure and marked expansion of the educational. But education played only a limited role in driving the increase in social fluidity: rather it was due mostly to the growing shares of people from nonservice-class origins who lacked a tertiary qualification but nevertheless moved into service-class destinations. An oversupply of service-class positions, relative to the share of people with a tertiary qualification, allowed less-qualified men and women from less-advantaged class backgrounds to be upwardly mobile.

Sexual and Social Mobility in The Duchess of Malfi

PMLA ◽  
1985 ◽  
Vol 100 (2) ◽  
pp. 167-186 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank Whigham
Keyword(s):  
Social Mobility ◽  
Social Role ◽  
Role Changes ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social Structural ◽  
Kinship Theory ◽  
Upward Social Mobility ◽  
The Duchess Of Malfi ◽  
Social Act

For some time Webster's Duchess of Malfi has been interpreted by reference to brother-sister incest, but that explanation has not been well integrated with other concerns in the play, nor has its sheer presence been questioned. Anthropological kinship theory, however, which conceives incest as a social act, reveals relations among the brother-sister plot, the play's major thematic element of social mobility, and the Jacobean setting from which the theme arose. Seen in this anthropological light, social-structural relations come into view among Ferdinand's incestuous inclination, his sister's cross-class marriage, and Antonio's and Bosola's upward social mobility. These relations in turn show how the play is grounded in its particular historical setting, at a time of substantial changes in notions of social role, changes that helped make visible the social determination of personal identity.

scholarly journals The social stigma of unemployment: consequences of stigma consciousness on job search attitudes, behaviour and success

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerhard Krug ◽  
Katrin Drasch ◽  
Monika Jungbauer-Gans
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Job Search ◽  
Social Stigma ◽  
Panel Study ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Stigma Consciousness ◽  
Search Effort ◽  
The Social ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Unemployed

Studies show that the unemployed face serious disadvantages in the labour market and that the social stigma of unemployment is one explanation. In this paper, we focus on the unemployed’s expectations of being stigmatized (stigma consciousness) and the consequences of such negative expectations on job search attitudes and behaviour. Using data from the panel study “Labour Market and Social Security” (PASS), we find that the unemployed with high stigma consciousness suffer from reduced well-being and health. Regarding job search, the stigmatized unemployedare more likely to expect that their chances of re-employment are low, but in contrast, they are more likely to place a high value on becoming re-employed. Instead of becoming discouraged and passive, we find that stigmatized unemployedindividuals increase their job search effort compared to other unemployed individuals. However, despite their higher job search effort, the stigma-conscious unemployed do not have better re-employment chances.

scholarly journals Analysing Diversion Processes in German Secondary Education: School-Track Effects on Educational Aspirations

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Felix Bittmann ◽  
Steffen Schindler
Keyword(s):  
Educational Aspirations ◽  
Panel Study ◽  
School Level ◽  
Social Origin ◽  
High Performing ◽  
Mediation Analyses ◽  
Highly Educated ◽  
Academic Track ◽  
Low Education ◽  
Using Data

AbstractEducational aspirations can be regarded as a predictor of final educational attainment, rendering this construct highly relevant for analysing the development of educational inequalities in panel data settings. In the context of the German tracked secondary school system, we analysed school-track effects on the development of educational aspirations. Using data from five consecutive waves of the National Educational Panel Study (NEPS), we selected a sample of high-performing students with initially high aspirations. Our results indicate that pupils in the nonacademic track or with a low social origin tend to lower their aspirations significantly more often than pupils in the academic track or pupils with a high social origin. With mediation analyses, we demonstrate that these differences can be attributed to learning environments at the school level. We also show that the downward adjustment of aspirations in the nonacademic track is less pronounced for students from highly educated families than for students from low-education family backgrounds.

Mobility Mechanisms

Uneven Odds ◽  
2018 ◽  
pp. 207-227
Author(s):  
Divya Vaid
Keyword(s):  
Social Mobility ◽  
Upward Mobility ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Social Origin ◽  
Major Question ◽  
The Social ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Determining Factor

The relative and absolute rates of mobility are significant in their own regard, however, it leaves open the question of the ‘processual effects’ of industrialization, or in other words what are the drivers of this mobility. This chapter studies the impact of education on social mobility. The major question posed here is whether education acts as a mediator of mobility or not. Or, are the social origin or inherited characteristics (caste and class) the primary determining factor where the chances of social mobility are concerned? Finally, whether the impact of education varies by community. We find that education mediates the origin-destination relation, with those with higher levels of education able to secure more chances of upward mobility. The critical role of caste and gender is underlined.

Social Change and Problems of Young Adults and Women in Russia and Uzbekistan

1992 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 24-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Paul Sacks
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Social Change ◽  
Soviet Union ◽  
Social Mobility ◽  
Social Order ◽  
Former Soviet Union ◽  
Regional Differences ◽  
The Social ◽  
Political Boundaries ◽  
Upward Social Mobility

While some groups are discovering new opportunities in the shifting political and economic structures of the former Soviet Union, others are finding that their paths towards upward social mobility have become less clear or blocked. There are also growing regional differences in benefits and losses. Although privileges in the old system often translate into advantages in the new, a contracting economy and the redrawing of political boundaries are altering the social order.

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