INNOVATIVE DEVELOPMENT OF INDUSTRY IN THE CONTEXT OF IMPLEMENTATION OF THE STATE REGIONAL POLICY GOALS

The article emphasizes that increasing of efficiency and competitiveness of Ukrainian industry can be achieved only by its transition to an innovative development way. The aim of the article is to analyze the indicators of innovation activity, invention and to develop proposals for the implementation of a number of measures in the context of the implementation of state regional policy to stimulate innovative development of industry. The article analyzes the indicators of innovation activity of Ukrainian industry in 2014-2019. The analysis of indicators of innovation activity of industrial enterprises, conducted in terms of technological levels of industrial development, shows the lack of stable trends in the dynamics of innovation activity. The general trend for all levels of produce-ability during the analyzed period is a decrease in the volume of sold innovative products. In general, the analysis of the main indicators of innovative activity of industry shows a decrease in the role of high-tech industries in the production and implementation of innovations. The existing potential of the regions in terms of inventions and utility models is analyzed. The analysis of the distribution of applications for inventions and utility models from national and foreign applicants-legal entities by type of industrial activity shows a decrease in inventive activity of enterprises in most types of industrial activity. The priority technical directions of patenting of inventions and utility models in the regions with the highest inventive activity are presented. It is emphasized that the low level of technological development of industry causes insignificant volumes of exports of high-tech products. The analysis shows a critically low level of high-tech exports in the regions of Ukraine, and somewhere its absence at all. It is claimed that the implementation of state regional policy in the regions of Ukraine is associated with the application of an integrated approach to the development and implementation of regional strategies. The use of an integrated approach will contribute to: improving the efficiency of the use of public funds aimed at the implementation of regional and local development projects, national, regional and sectorial programs, as well as programs for the development of problematic regions and the modernization of industry and infrastructure development in general. Under these conditions, the priorities of smart specialization of the regions are competitive advantages and guidelines for structural modernization of their economy.

Global Innovation Trends for Plant-Based Vaccines Production: A Patent Analysis

The use of plants as biofactories for the production of medical products and vaccines has a long history, but the recent COVID-19 pandemic has caused this set of technologies, for their potential to contribute to the development of innovative solutions for tackling pandemic spread worldwide, to rise in prominence. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the global innovation scenario of plant-based vaccine production. Methods: Patent search using a specific set of technical classification codes and keywords was performed using the Questel-Orbit database, with a final output of 180 patent families, corresponding to 1397 single patents. Results: Plant-based vaccines production is an innovation sector with positive development especially in the last five-year period (30% growth). Fifty percent of the patents were registered in the United States, standing out as the most attractive patent system worldwide. The inventive activity was led by private firms owning the 49% of the patent families, and the key-players group includes the companies that successfully developed plant-based COVID-19 vaccine candidates, indicating a strong connection between the expertise in innovation production and the capacity to adapt inventions to the current pandemic vaccine demand. Virus-like particles technology has increased in importance over the past few years. Conclusion: Patent data confirm their relevant role as indicators of innovation and technological evolution. Plant-based vaccines are expected to acquire an increasing role over the next few years as the current pandemic acts as an innovation catalyst.

The Battle over Patents

Do patents facilitate or frustrate innovation? Lawyers, economists, and politicians who have staked out strong positions in this debate often attempt to validate their claims by invoking the historical record—but they typically get the history wrong. The purpose of this book is to get the history right by showing that patent systems are the product of contending interests at different points in production chains battling over economic surplus. The larger the potential surplus, the more extreme are the efforts of contending parties, now and in the past, to search out, generate, and exploit any and all sources of friction. Patent systems, as human creations, are therefore necessarily ridden with imperfections; nirvana is not on the menu. The most interesting intellectual issue is not how patent systems are imperfect, but why historically US-style patent systems have come to dominate all other methods of encouraging inventive activity. The answer offered by the essays in this volume is that they create a temporary property right that can be traded in a market, thereby facilitating a productive division of labor and making it possible for firms to transfer technological knowledge to one another by overcoming the free-rider problem. Precisely because the value of a patent does not inhere in the award itself but rather in the market value of the resulting property right, patent systems foster a decentralized ecology of inventors and firms that ceaselessly extends the frontiers of what is economically possible.

Introduction: The Battle over the Surplus from Innovation

Do patents facilitate or frustrate innovation? Our starting point for exploring this question is the recognition that patent systems are products of battles over the economic surplus created by innovation. The features of these systems take shape as contending interests at different points in the production chain seek advantage in any way they can, and consequently they are riven with imperfections. The most interesting intellectual issue is not how patent systems are imperfect, but why historically US-style patent systems with all their imperfections have come to dominate other methods of encouraging inventive activity. The essays that follow this introduction suggest that the creation of a tradable but temporary property right facilitates the transfer of technological knowledge and thus fosters a highly productive decentralized ecology of inventors and firms.

Activity of legal education regarding the popularization of inventive activity

Keywords: inventor activity, invention, inventions, intellectual property The article is sanctified to the debatable question of necessity orimpossibility of popularization of inventor activity. The review of concepts is done invention,inventor activity, inventor. Possibilities are considered as exactly the state musttake care to the questions of creation of necessary terms for maintenance and strengtheningof the intellectual potential, and also for the search of ways of him quality development.Foreign experience is analysed in the field of it. The special attention is spared toorganization of work of young people through competitive activity, that became important direction of public policy of the almost entire industrially developed countries. Successfulrealization of scientific and technical and innovative politics in Ukraine is impossiblewithout activation of creative individuality and invention, that it is directly relatedto development of both higher and professional education.Successful implementation of scientific, technical and innovation policy in Ukraine isimpossible without the activation of creative individuality and invention, which is directlyrelated to the development of both higher and professional education. The materialand technical base of many (especially technical) higher education institutions today isoutdated, in need of updating, as well as teaching methods. The system of branch institutesof advanced training has also been destroyed, enterprises do not have the funds forin-house training, the motivation for inventive activity has decreased.It is important to maintain a positive experience. The organization of youth creativitythrough competitive activities has become an important area of public policy in almostall industrialized countries. One of the main directions of the invention is the state programsfor the development of technical creativity of youth. Ministries and departments,corporations and firms take part in the implementation of such programs. The WIPOconducted a study aimed at generalizing progressive forms and methods of state stimulationof inventive activity in industrialized countries.The Ukraine, unlike industrialized countries, does not have such a long tradition inholding such competitions. But what has already been done is valuable to society. It remainsto multiply this experience.

The Evolution and Spatial Dimensions of Invention in Canada, 1991 - 2011

The rapid development of information technology and medical research in the 21st century is a result of the increasing number of inventions. Inventive activity is thought to be an important catalyst for economic change and increased productivity. In order to measure a location’s inventive potential, different aspects such as geographic location, corporate assistance, and socio-economic factors can be studied. This study examines the spatial distribution and typology of Canadian inventions for the years 1991, 2001, 2006, and 2011, using patent data issued by the United States Patent and Trademark Office. The research results suggest that inventive activity is declining in major metropolitan areas such as Toronto, Vancouver, and Montreal. On the other hand, medium-sized metropolitan areas like Ottawa, Calgary, Kitchener-Waterloo, and Saskatoon are experiencing increasing inventiveness. These areas have specialized economies based on high technology and petroleum. The regression analysis shows that regional innovation can be explained by census variables in groups of dwelling type, education level, and industry sector. The analysis also shows Canada has shifted from a manufacturing economy to a high technology and services-based economy.

The Evolution and Spatial Dimensions of Invention in Canada, 1991 - 2011

The rapid development of information technology and medical research in the 21st century is a result of the increasing number of inventions. Inventive activity is thought to be an important catalyst for economic change and increased productivity. In order to measure a location’s inventive potential, different aspects such as geographic location, corporate assistance, and socio-economic factors can be studied. This study examines the spatial distribution and typology of Canadian inventions for the years 1991, 2001, 2006, and 2011, using patent data issued by the United States Patent and Trademark Office. The research results suggest that inventive activity is declining in major metropolitan areas such as Toronto, Vancouver, and Montreal. On the other hand, medium-sized metropolitan areas like Ottawa, Calgary, Kitchener-Waterloo, and Saskatoon are experiencing increasing inventiveness. These areas have specialized economies based on high technology and petroleum. The regression analysis shows that regional innovation can be explained by census variables in groups of dwelling type, education level, and industry sector. The analysis also shows Canada has shifted from a manufacturing economy to a high technology and services-based economy.