Introduction

2018 ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Encarnación Juárez-Almendros
Keyword(s):  
Early Modern ◽  
Disability Studies ◽  
Social Constructionism ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Other ◽  
Academic Field ◽  
Disability Theory ◽  
Recent Scholarship ◽  
Models Of Disability ◽  
Construction Of Disability

The introduction defines and describes the academic field of disabilities studies. It explains the different models of disability, --social, medical, religious, constructionist-- as well as the recent scholarship in disability studies. It also explains the major concepts drawn from other disciplines to illuminate the construction of disability, such as Erving Goffman’s stigma theory, Mary Douglas’s notion of the other as “dirt,” and Michael Foucault’s social constructionism. Diverse theories of the body as well as phenomenological perspectives complement these constructionist positions. Furthermore, the introduction delineates theoretical disability studies in the humanities and particularly discusses applications of disability methodologies in the analysis of early modern literary productions. Finally, it expounds the feminist approach to disability theory used in the book.

scholarly journals Historical Epistemology as Disability Studies Methodology: From the Models Framework to Foucault’s Archaeology of Cure

2015 ◽  
pp. 108-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aimi Hamraie
Keyword(s):  
Disability Studies ◽  
Biomedical Knowledge ◽  
Historical Epistemology ◽  
Critical Disability Studies ◽  
Medical Authority ◽  
Disability History ◽  
Models Of Disability ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of ◽  
Construction Of Disability

In this article, I argue for historical epistemology as a methodology for critical disability studies (DS) by examining Foucault’s archaeology of cure in History of Madness. Although the moral, medical, and social models of disability frame disability history as an advancement upon moral and medical authority and a replacement of it by sociopolitical knowledge, I argue that the more comprehensive frame in which these models circulate—the “models framework”—requires the more nuanced approach that historical epistemology offers. In particular, the models framework requires greater use of epistemology as an analytical tool for understanding the historical construction of disability. Thus, I turn to Foucault’s History of Madness in order to both excavate one particular archaeological strand in the text—the archaeology of cure—and to demonstrate how this narrative disrupts some of the key assumptions of the models framework, challenging DS to consider the epistemological force of non-medical fields of knowledge for framing disability and procedures for its cure and elimination. I conclude by arguing that DS must develop historical epistemological methodologies that are sensitive to the complex overlays of moral, medical, and social knowledge, as well as attend to the social construction of scientific and biomedical knowledge itself.

The Pain of Endo Existence: Toward a Feminist Disability Studies Reading of Endometriosis

Hypatia ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 554-571 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cara E. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Disability Studies ◽  
Social Constructionism ◽  
Social Constructionist ◽  
Medical Treatments ◽  
Medical Models ◽  
Feminist Disability Studies ◽  
Models Of Disability ◽  
Provide Pain Relief ◽  
The Common ◽  
Constructionist Approach

Disability scholars have critiqued medical models that pathologize disability as an individual flaw that needs treatment, rehabilitation, and cure, favoring instead a social‐constructionist approach that likens disability to other identity categories such as gender, race, class, and sexuality. However, the emphasis on social constructionism has left chronic illness and pain largely untheorized. This article argues that feminist disability studies (FDS) must attend to the common, chronic gynecological condition endometriosis (endo) when theorizing pain. Endo is particularly important for FDS analysis because the highly feminized and sexualized nature of endo pain is a major source of disability. Because medical treatments of endo enhance fertility rather than provide pain relief, those with endo must not only have access to medical services to manage their pain, but also demand better medical management of their pain as well as disability accommodations for their pain. Thus, I propose a pain‐centric model of disability that politicizes pain through social‐constructionist and medical models of disability by attending to the lived experiences of pain.

Digging the Dirt in the Pursuit of Cleanliness

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-28
Author(s):  
Susan North
Keyword(s):  
Material Culture ◽  
Early Modern ◽  
Social History ◽  
Early Modern England ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Other ◽  
Documentary Sources ◽  
History Of The Body ◽  
History Of

The introduction outlines the historiography on cleanliness and the influence of Georges Vigarello on early modern social history and history of the body. It reviews both the philosophical and the practical aspects that make researching cleanliness so challenging. On one hand, the prejudices of contemporary observers and commentators are acknowledged and, on the other, the practice of cleanliness is so habitual it goes unnoticed and unrecorded. The methodology for the book is described, first to use traditional documentary sources from a variety of media to elucidate what advice was given about cleanliness in early modern England. In order to determine whether such advice was followed, a study of the material culture of cleanliness is proposed and outlined, acknowledging that it may be more successful for linen than for bodies. Finally the drawing together of these various strands of research is emphasized.

Univocity, Exhaustion and Failing Better: Reading Beckett with Disability Studies

2018 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 157-174
Author(s):  
Yael Levin
Keyword(s):  
Lived Experience ◽  
Disability Studies ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Other ◽  
Physical Impairment ◽  
Physical Impairments ◽  
Rhetorical Device ◽  
The One ◽  
Figurative Interpretation ◽  
Do So

The emergence of theories of disability in the last decades has rendered figurative interpretation suspect; neglect of literal and material truths has been hailed unethical, the exercising of an ableist bias that utilizes physical impairment as a rhetorical device. Any attempt to reconcile such critical concerns with Beckett's writing must take cognizance of an essential incongruity between the socially conscripted theoretical framework and aesthetic experimentation, between a mimetic fidelity to lived experience and an art of non-relation. The essay suggests that Beckett's poetics of exhaustion and its rejection of substitution and analogy in the interpretation of figures allows us to think beyond the interdisciplinary divide. The body is not imagined as a stand-in or receptacle for philosophical ideas but rather as the substrate upon and with which these ideas evolve and change. The text maintains the materiality of mental and physical impairments at the same time that it loads them with a variety of different metonymical connections. Such a stylization of excess and accumulation serves to release disability from existing stereotypes and predetermined moral judgment. It does so while sidestepping an impasse in disability studies, between the need to valorise overcoming, on the one hand, and the need to support the inability to do so, on the other. Neither extolling the supercrip nor championing inability, Beckett allows his readers to productively imagine what it might mean to fail better.

scholarly journals Loving the Other: Fantastic Films and Unlikely Couples

2019 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Smith Rainey
Keyword(s):  
Disability Studies ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Other ◽  
Liberal State ◽  
Critical Disability Studies ◽  
Twilight Saga ◽  
State Subsidies

This article uses a queer, critical disability studies framework to examine a diverse set of films in which one lover literally changes bodies to be like the other lover, such as in The Little Mermaid (1989), Avatar (2009), and the Twilight saga. The author argues that these films, what she calls "fantastic unlikely couple films," represent the values of companionate love, a relationship form that emphasizes similarity as the key to successful long-term relationships. Significantly, the values of companionate love are aligned with the (neo)liberal state. In the films analyzed, the physically transformed partner is also the weaker, more dependent partner. The shift to a more capable body—one similar to the body of the other partner—not only means that the couple will be more equal companions; it also means that the pair can now fulfill their destiny as productive workers and reproductive parents, independent of state subsidies and assistance.

scholarly journals Introduction: Disability in Early Modern Theatre

Early Theatre ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan L. Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Early Modern ◽  
Disability Studies ◽  
Early Modern Drama ◽  
Modern Drama ◽  
Vital Importance ◽  
Disability Theory ◽  
The Past ◽  
Early Modern Theatre ◽  
Selection Of

The introduction to this selection of essays briefly outlines the recent flourishing of scholarship in disability studies and its perhaps rather belated entry into the field of early modern drama. It discusses the broader opportunities presented by synthesizing developments in disability theory with research on early modern theatre and argues for the vital importance of historical disability scholarship. While introducing some of the directions that disability scholarship on early modern theatre might take, this introduction argues that studying early modern disability offers innovative ways of imagining difference in bodies and minds both in the past and now.

Appearance and Essence: Speaking the Truth about the Body in the Early Modern Catholic Church

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brendan Röder
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Early Modern ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Catholic Church ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Other ◽  
Physical Defects ◽  
The Church

This chapter explores notions of truth regarding the human body articulated in the early modern Catholic community. It uses records of dispensation procedures for so-called physical defects in the clergy to show how different actors claimed authority to establish evidence about individuals’ bodily characteristics such as impairments or diseases. The chapter argues that we should distinguish two major patterns of establishing evidence, one focusing on appearance, the other attempting to uncover an essence lying behind the openly visible. In using these different modes situationally, the Church accommodated diverging claims in practice and gained flexibility in decision-making.

scholarly journals Bridging the Deficiency Divide: Expressions of Non-deficiency Models of Disability in Health Care

2009 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dana Lee Baker
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Health Care Professionals ◽  
Primary Caregivers ◽  
Font Size ◽  
Daily Lives ◽  
Health Care Settings ◽  
Disability Theory ◽  
Models Of Disability ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Construction Of Disability

<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:WordDocument> <w:View>Normal</w:View> <w:Zoom>0</w:Zoom> <w:PunctuationKerning /> <w:ValidateAgainstSchemas /> <w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>false</w:SaveIfXMLInvalid> <w:IgnoreMixedContent>false</w:IgnoreMixedContent> <w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>false</w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText> <w:Compatibility> <w:BreakWrappedTables /> <w:SnapToGridInCell /> <w:WrapTextWithPunct /> <w:UseAsianBreakRules /> <w:DontGrowAutofit /> </w:Compatibility> <w:BrowserLevel>MicrosoftInternetExplorer4</w:BrowserLevel> </w:WordDocument> </xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:LatentStyles DefLockedState="false" LatentStyleCount="156"> </w:LatentStyles> </xml><![endif]--> <!-- /* Style Definitions */ p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal {mso-style-parent:""; margin:0in; margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:12.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";} @page Section1 {size:8.5in 11.0in; margin:1.0in 1.25in 1.0in 1.25in; mso-header-margin:.5in; mso-footer-margin:.5in; mso-paper-source:0;} div.Section1 {page:Section1;} --> <!--[if gte mso 10]> <style> /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Table Normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0in; mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-ansi-language:#0400; mso-fareast-language:#0400; mso-bidi-language:#0400;} </style> <![endif]--><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial;">Modern disability theory is based on non-deficiency based models of disability. However, progress in the construction of disability theory outside medicine may have outpaced the uptake of new paradigms of disability by health care professionals. Incomplete rejection of deficiency models of disability is expected by disability scholars and activists to routinely occur in health care scholarship and settings, thereby curtailing the influence of disability studies on the daily lives of individuals both with and without disabilities.<span>  </span>Although this anticipated theoretical gap is frequently noted, it has been less often empirically examined. Using data collected from a survey of parents and primary caregivers with autism, this article employs the case of autism to examine the manifestation of non-deficiency based models of disability in health care settings and interactions. The results of the study indicate some uptake of non-deficiency based models of disability.</span>

High Heels sebagai Agensi bagi Tubuh Wanita

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 196
Author(s):  
Sunandar Macpal ◽  
Fathianabilla Azhar
Keyword(s):  
Body Image ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Other ◽  
Body Image Disturbance ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
High Heels ◽  
Experience Pain ◽  
Woman's Body

The aims of this paper is to explain the use of high heels as an agency for a woman's body. Agency context refers to pain in the body but pain is perceived as something positive. In this paper, the method used is a literature review by reviewing writings related to the use of high heels. The findings in this paper that women experience body image disturbance or anxiety because they feel themselves are not beautiful or not attractive. The use of high heels, makes women more attractive and more confident, on the other hand the use of high heels actually makes women feel pain and discomfort. However, for the achievement of beauty standards, women voluntarily allow their bodies to experience pain. However, the agency's willingness to beauty standards here is meaningless without filtering and directly accepted. Instead women keep negotiating with themselves so as to make a decision why use high heels.

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