The nongraded primary school and arithmetic

1962 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 130-133
Author(s):  
Richard H. Hart

The results of certain traditional practices in the elementary school have been frustration and disappointment. The time-honored practice of classifying pupils as first graders, second graders, third graders, etc. according to their chronological age has created a rigid school organization and an inflexible curriculum supporting tmrealistic standards within which teachers labor diligently but hopelessly.

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-23
Author(s):  
Saeed Shahpary ◽  
Shahrokh Ramin ◽  
Abbas Azimi ◽  
Mohsen Heyrani

Background: To determine the prevalence of amblyopia in schoolchildren aged 7–9 years old in Mashhad, Iran. Methods: This was a cross-sectional, community-based study with schoolchildren aged 7–9 years old. We randomly selected 20 of 189 elementary schools (three schools per district; 10 male-segregated and 10 female-segregated schools) from a proportional combination of public schools across Mashhad. Basic vision exams were performed. If amblyopia was suspected, children underwent supplementary vision exams. The diagnostic criterion for amblyopia was a best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) in one or both eyes equal to or worse than 20/40 or an interocular difference of more than two lines in BCVA without any significant organic pathology. Results: A total of 2831 children were included in the study. All children were examined comprehensively by an optometrist, and amblyopia was detected in 49/2831 (1.7% [95% CI, 1.22?2.18]). Of the 49 children with amblyopia, 20 (40.8%) were amblyopic in the right eye, 9 (18.4%) in the left eye, and 20 (40.8%) in both eyes. Twenty-four (49%) were first graders, 15 (30.6%) were second graders, and 10 (20.4%) were third graders. The most prevalent subtype of amblyopia was anisometropic amblyopia (57.1%, [95% CI, 43.24?70.96]). Conclusions: Considering the prevalence of amblyopia among schoolchildren aged 7–9 years old (1.7%), timely detection of amblyopia through preschool screening programs is essential for early treatment or prevention of further visual impairment during childhood. How to cite this article: Shahpary S, Ramin S, Azimi A, Heyrani M. The prevalence of amblyopia in 7-9-year-old schoolchildren in Mashhad. Med Hypothesis Discov Innov Optom.2021 Spring; 2(1): 18-23. DOI: https://doi.org/10.51329/mehdioptometry121


2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 516
Author(s):  
Arnita Arnita ◽  
Rosmaini Rosmaini ◽  
Yulita Molliq

AbstrakHampir 90% siswa kelas rendah terutama kelas satu dan dua di SDN 066055 belum mampu membaca dengan baik dan lebih dari 50% siswa kelas tiga belum paham dengan apa yang dibacanya. Sementara kemampuan membaca siswa di SD IT Ulul Ilmi lebih baik dibanding SDN 066055, hampir 90% siswa kelas satu dan duanya mampu membaca dan lebih dari 50% siswa kelas tiganya paham dengan apa yang dibacanya. Namun strategi guru dalam mengajarkan membaca pada kedua sekolah tersebut masih konvensional. Dimana guru masih mengajarkan membaca dengan cara mengeja, abjad, suku kata tanpa ada variasi. Kemampuan anak juga berbeda-beda, ada anak yang mampu membaca tapi tidak paham dengan apa yang dibacanya. Bahkan ada anak yang belum mampu membaca dalam makna yang sebenarnya. Perbedaan kemampuan anak ini mengakibatkan perlunya pendekatan yang berbeda pula. Minimnya pengetahuan guru tentang teknik pengajaran membaca mengakibatkan banyak anak hanya mampu membaca dalam artian hanya mengeluarkan bunyi saja. Hal tersebut disebabkan sedikitnya guru yang mempunyai pengalaman dalam pelatihan-pelatihan yang berkaitan dengan inovasi pembelajaran khusunya pembelajaran membaca pada kelas rendah sekolah dasar. Oleh karena itu perlu dilakukan inovasi untuk meningkatkan minat membaca anak, sehingga dapat menumbuhkan sikap positif anak dalam belajar khususnya membaca, dengan mengadakan kegiatan membaca berimbang pada guru-guru SD di kota Medan.Kata Kunci: Membaca berimbang, Minat membaca, Sekolah DasarAbstract Nearly 90% of low grade students, especially first and second grade in SDN 066055 have not been able to read well and more than 50% of third graders have not understood what they read. While students' reading ability in SD Ulul Ilmi is better than SDN 066055, almost 90% of first and second graders are able to read and more than 50% of third graders are familiar with what they read. But the teacher's strategy in teaching reading on both schools is still conventional. Where teachers still teach reading by spelling, alphabet, syllables without any variation. The ability of children is also different, there are children who are able to read but do not understand what he read. There are even children who have not been able to read in the true meaning. Differences in the ability of these children lead to the need for different approaches. The lack of knowledge of teachers about reading teaching techniques resulted in many children only able to read in the sense that only the sounds. This is due to the lack of teachers who have experience in trainings related to learning innovation, especially reading learning in low grade elementary school. Therefore it is necessary to innovate to increase interest in reading children, so that it can grow a positive attitude of children in learning especially reading, by holding a balanced reading activity in elementary school teachers in the city of Medan. Keywords: Reading balance, reading interest, elementary school


Author(s):  
Alp Aslan ◽  
Anuscheh Samenieh ◽  
Tobias Staudigl ◽  
Karl-Heinz T. Bäuml

Changing environmental context during encoding can influence episodic memory. This study examined the memorial consequences of environmental context change in children. Kindergartners, first and fourth graders, and young adults studied two lists of items, either in the same room (no context change) or in two different rooms (context change), and subsequently were tested on the two lists in the room in which the second list was encoded. As expected, in adults, the context change impaired recall of the first list and improved recall of the second. Whereas fourth graders showed the same pattern of results as adults, in both kindergartners and first graders no memorial effects of the context change arose. The results indicate that the two effects of environmental context change develop contemporaneously over middle childhood and reach maturity at the end of the elementary school days. The findings are discussed in light of both retrieval-based and encoding-based accounts of context-dependent memory.


Author(s):  
Muhamad Afandi ◽  
Sari Yustiana

The purpose of this study is mainly to describe the performance of primary school teachersin the unit of education technical implementation in Banyumanik, Semarang. This researchwas conducted in January- August 2017. The sample of this research is 162 primaryschool teachers selected by random sampling technique in order to get the same opportunityas sample. The instruments used in this study were the assessment sheets, the RatingSheet consisted of 64 items of question, and 3 indicators of Primary School TeacherPerformance. The results show that each of Implementation of lesson plans is categorizedvery well (90, 9%), the execution of the learning is 83.4%, assessment of learning is good(82.8%). The Overall performance of primary school teachers is categorized good( 85 , 7 % ). In other words, the primary school teachers of the unit of education technicalimplementation in Banyumanik Semarang can arrange the lesson plans, carry out learningand teaching process and assess the learning process in elementary school.


2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 447
Author(s):  
Sulmi Sulmi

This research was motivated by the weakness of teachers in compiling learning devices in the Primary school of Sungai Majo and Teluk Nilap, Kubu Babussalam District, Rokan Hilir Regency. The purpose of this study is to improve the ability of teachers to develop learning tools in Primary schools. The purpose of this study is to improve the ability of teachers to develop learning tools in Primary schools. The action to be taken is to provide a workshop on the formulation of learning devices in Primary schools. The results of the study show, in the assessment of the first cycle syllabus, The average value obtained by the Sungai Majo Elementary School 006 teacher is 67 with sufficient categories. While teachers at Elementary School 002 Teluk Nilap get an average score of 69 in the good category. cycle II, the average syllabus for teachers in Sungai Majo Primary School 006 was 89 with very good categories. While the teachers of Elementary School 002 in the Teluk Nilap amounted to 90 with very good categories. Whereas the assessment in the RPP of the first cycle, teachers in Elementary School 006 Sungai Majo and SDN 002 Teluk Nilap received the same score, which amounted to 67.14 with sufficient categories. After the second cycle, Sungai Majo Primary School 006 got an average score of 90 with a very good category, while the teachers of Elementary School 002 Teluk Nilap scored 91.42 with a very good category. With the results of this study, it can be concluded that with the help of workshops, it can improve the ability of teachers to develop learning tools in the Sungai Majo and Teluk Nilap, Kubu Babussalam District, Rokan Hilir Regency. 


2018 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 235-245
Author(s):  
Ikhwandi Arifin

This paper discusses the importance of the students ‘character building in the level of primary school/Islamic elementary school to face the globalization and information era. Education is the process of determining the nation’s character. Good or bad character of the nation in the future will be determined by the present quality of education. Building the character through Tahfidzul Quran learning approach is expected to be the main foundation to improve the degree and prestige of learners as the asset of the nation. This study aimed to describe the process of Tahfidzul Quran learning which included planning, organizing, doing action and monitoring the important role of learning itself to build the learners’ character, especially in Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Istiqomah Sambas Purbalingga.


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