Assessment of the contribution of assisted reproduction methods for the future development of the number of live births in Czechia

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Boris Burcin ◽  
Tereza Pachlová ◽  
Anna Šťastná ◽  
Jiřina Kocourková
Keyword(s):  
Future Development ◽  
Reproductive Potential ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Demographic Trend ◽  
Live Births ◽  
The Future ◽  
Art Methods ◽  
Recent Trends ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Postponement

Abstract Background: The key demographic trend concerns the postponement of parenthood to later ages. Moreover, the number of Czech women of reproductive age is decreasing, which will lead to a decrease in the number of live births even with higher fertility. The aims are to assess recent trends concerning using ART in Czechia and to estimate the impact of using ART on the future development of the number of live births. Methods: Based on data on the number of ART cycles involving the transfer of embryos in the period 2007–2012, the number of deliveries following ART was converted to the number of live births following ART by the maternal age at birth for the period 2008-2012. Subsequently, age-specific fertility rates following ART and models of the potential future development of live births following ART treatment were calculated. These models were based on a combination of two potential fertility development variants and four variants for the estimation of the future share of ART fertility of total fertility by age (V1-V4). Results: If the use of ART methods remains unchanged, there will be a decrease in the number of live births following ART in the period up to 2030 (V1 and V2) due to the declining reproductive potential of women. An increase in the number of live births following ART would occur only if there were an increase in the use of ART methods. Depending on the expected level of the increase in the use of ART, the number of live births following ART would increase by 2030 to 4.9 thousand (V3) and 6.5 thousand (V4). In relative terms, this would represent an increase from the initial 3.2% of the total number of live births to 5.0% and 6.8% respectively. Conslusions : We can expect an increase in the importance of ART for demographic trends in the future. The projection models assumed that the future development of the use of ART would be affected not only by the intensity of fertility postponement and different levels of fertility, but also by advances in reproductive medicine and the increasing availability of ART.

scholarly journals Not Only Diabetes but Also Prediabetes Leads to Functional Decline and Disability in Older Adults

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ying Shang ◽  
Laura Fratiglioni ◽  
Davide Liborio Vetrano ◽  
Abigail Dove ◽  
Anna-Karin Welmer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Function ◽  
Future Development ◽  
Walking Speed ◽  
Functional Decline ◽  
Disability Progression ◽  
Mixed Effect ◽  
Chair Stand ◽  
Mixed Effect Models ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Impact

<b>BACKGROUND</b>: Diabetes is linked to functional decline, but the impact of prediabetes on physical function is unknown. We aimed to examine and compare the impact of prediabetes and diabetes on physical function and disability progression and to explore whether cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) mediate these associations. <p><b>RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: </b>A cohort of 2,013 participants aged ≥60 from the Swedish National Study on Aging and Care in Kungsholmen, an ongoing population-based longitudinal study, was followed for up to 12 years. Physical function was measured with chair stand (s) and walking speed (m/s) tests, and disability was measured by summing the numbers of impaired basic and instrumental activities of daily living. Diabetes was identified through medical examinations or clinical records, medication use, or glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) ≥6.5%. Prediabetes was defined as HbA1c ≥5.7–6.4% in diabetes-free participants. CVDs were ascertained through clinical examinations and the National Patient Registry. Data were analyzed using mixed effect models and mediation models.</p> <p><b>RESULTS: </b>At baseline, 650 (32.3%) had prediabetes and 151 had diabetes<b> </b>(7.5%).<b> </b>In multi-adjusted mixed effect models,<b> </b>prediabetes was associated with an increased chair stand time (0.33, 95% CI 0.05 to 0.61), a decreased walking speed (-0.006, -0.010 to -0.002), and an accelerated disability progression (0.05, 95% CI 0.01 to 0.08), even after controlling for the future development of diabetes. Diabetes led to faster functional decline than prediabetes. In mediation analyses, CVDs mediated 7.1%, 7.8%, and 20.9% of the associations between prediabetes and chair stand, walking speed, and disability progression, respectively. </p> <p><b>CONCLUSIONS: </b>Prediabetes, in addition to diabetes, is associated with faster functional decline and disability, independent of the future development of diabetes. This association may be in part mediated by CVDs.</p>

Impacts of Educational Outreach on Envisioning Marine Cities of the Future Development Project

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ikuo Yoshida
Keyword(s):  
Future Development ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Career Aspirations ◽  
Development Project ◽  
Global Environment ◽  
Educational Outreach ◽  
Stem Fields ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Intended Effect

Abstract Given today’s changing global environment and the need for people to be able to lead prosperous lives in the future, we will need technical experts who can think flexibly and respond to change, and we will also need to provide opportunities for children to awaken and develop their interest in relevant technical areas. I have used lectures and seminars on the Marine Cities of the Future Development Project [1][2], a project in which I am deeply engaged, as opportunities to verify the impact of educational outreach on students. In these lectures, I emphasize aspects such as “pushing the boundaries” and “realizing goals through reliable technology,” and tailor the content to stimulate students’ career aspirations in STEM fields. Requests from educators for further lectures aimed at cultivating students’ career aspirations and students’ heightened interest in proposals of new technology as revealed by post-lecture surveys, confirm that these efforts have had the intended effect.

The impact of the computer

1958 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 162-168
Author(s):  
Mina Rees
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Future Development ◽  
Mathematical Background ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Impact

Today, computers are used to solve problems which were “out of reach” just a few years ago. Students in your high school classes may have a role to play in the future development of these “brains” if they have a sound mathematical background.

scholarly journals Factors affecting the business environment of SMEs in Nitra region in Slovakia

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 309-331
Author(s):  
Enikő Korcsmáros ◽  
Monika Šimova
Keyword(s):  
Future Development ◽  
Regional Policy ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Business Environment ◽  
Transport Cost ◽  
Primary Research ◽  
Economic Sectors ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Impact

Research background: Businesses are directly affected by the outside world, i.e. the business environment. Literature review lists a number of factors of the business environment affecting businesses. These factors may be oriented towards inputs, outputs, sales, or can be an instrument of regional policy. With regard to future development of businesses, it is crucial to identify which factor and to what extent can influence the operation of the business. Purpose of the article: The main objective of the primary research was to provide a comprehensive assessment of how different factors influence enterprises of different economic sectors as well as help to verify the research question defined and formulate recommendations for future development of enterprises. The questionnaire survey to verify the research question was conducted on a sample of 496 small and medium-sized enterprises. Methods: We chose quantitative method of ANOVA for processing the results of the survey, and we also set the limit of significant impact of different influence factors on the basis of analysed data of primary research, and the limit of significant impact. Based on literature study, we have grouped individual factors such as factors focused on inputs, on outputs, on sales, and instruments of regional policy. Based on those findings we can identify the impact of factors for the future development of SMEs in different economic sectors. Findings & Value added: SMEs of Nitra Region involved in the research represent different economic sectors and various factors influence them with different intensity, for future development of these SMEs it is necessary to reduce the transport cost of raw material and goods, improve the attitude of employees to work, and the technical level of equipment to improve the economic situation of the region. The mentioned findings are important for formulating the future regional development plan.

scholarly journals Not Only Diabetes but Also Prediabetes Leads to Functional Decline and Disability in Older Adults

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ying Shang ◽  
Laura Fratiglioni ◽  
Davide Liborio Vetrano ◽  
Abigail Dove ◽  
Anna-Karin Welmer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Function ◽  
Future Development ◽  
Walking Speed ◽  
Functional Decline ◽  
Disability Progression ◽  
Mixed Effect ◽  
Chair Stand ◽  
Mixed Effect Models ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Impact

<b>BACKGROUND</b>: Diabetes is linked to functional decline, but the impact of prediabetes on physical function is unknown. We aimed to examine and compare the impact of prediabetes and diabetes on physical function and disability progression and to explore whether cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) mediate these associations. <p><b>RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: </b>A cohort of 2,013 participants aged ≥60 from the Swedish National Study on Aging and Care in Kungsholmen, an ongoing population-based longitudinal study, was followed for up to 12 years. Physical function was measured with chair stand (s) and walking speed (m/s) tests, and disability was measured by summing the numbers of impaired basic and instrumental activities of daily living. Diabetes was identified through medical examinations or clinical records, medication use, or glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) ≥6.5%. Prediabetes was defined as HbA1c ≥5.7–6.4% in diabetes-free participants. CVDs were ascertained through clinical examinations and the National Patient Registry. Data were analyzed using mixed effect models and mediation models.</p> <p><b>RESULTS: </b>At baseline, 650 (32.3%) had prediabetes and 151 had diabetes<b> </b>(7.5%).<b> </b>In multi-adjusted mixed effect models,<b> </b>prediabetes was associated with an increased chair stand time (0.33, 95% CI 0.05 to 0.61), a decreased walking speed (-0.006, -0.010 to -0.002), and an accelerated disability progression (0.05, 95% CI 0.01 to 0.08), even after controlling for the future development of diabetes. Diabetes led to faster functional decline than prediabetes. In mediation analyses, CVDs mediated 7.1%, 7.8%, and 20.9% of the associations between prediabetes and chair stand, walking speed, and disability progression, respectively. </p> <p><b>CONCLUSIONS: </b>Prediabetes, in addition to diabetes, is associated with faster functional decline and disability, independent of the future development of diabetes. This association may be in part mediated by CVDs.</p>

scholarly journals Childlessness among women of reproductive age in Serbia from a demographic perspective

Stanovnistvo ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 2-2
Author(s):  
Goran Penev ◽  
Biljana Stankovic
Keyword(s):  
Marital Status ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Single Women ◽  
Married Women ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Women Of Reproductive Age ◽  
Female Population ◽  
Live Births ◽  
Childless Women ◽  
The Postponement

The social, economic, and cultural changes that have taken place in Europe in the past few decades in the field of fertility have been accompanied by an increase in permanent childlessness. The childlessness level among women born in 1968 is 12% in Serbia, slightly below the European average (14%). The aim of this paper is to explore in more detail the level of childlessness in Serbia and the characteristics of women aged 15-49 without live births. Changes in childlessness over a 60-year period (1961-2020) by five-year age groups were analysed. The basic characteristics of childless women of reproductive age by education, marital status, and age were observed from 1991 to 2011. The paper is based on census and vital statistics data. The authors introduce two new indicators of childlessness: the general childlessness rate (GChR) as the share of women without live births in the total female population aged 15-49, and the age-specific childlessness rate (ASChR) as the percentage of childless women by age. Changes in cumulative fertility rates by age were less influenced by the reproductive behaviour of mothers and much more by an increase in the proportion of childless women. The general childlessness rate until 1991 was relatively stable in Serbia. Since then, it has increased intensely (from 30.1% in 1991 to 41.6% in 2011, and 43.4% in 2020). The increase in childlessness is largely a consequence of the postponement of first births, but also of the increase in permanent childlessness among women aged 45-49. The postponement of first births has occured in all age groups and the ASChR has increased across the board. In Serbia, in 2020, the ASChR reached record values for all five-year age groups (36.5% for women aged 30-34, 21.4% for ages 35-39), as did the level of permanent childlessness (13.8% for ages 45-49). The paper also analyses childlessness by education and marital status. According to census data (1991, 2002, and 2011), the general childlessness rate is lowest among women without any formal education and those who haven?t completed primary school, and highest among women with a primary education. Childlessness rates are particularly high among women in their thirties and forties. The influence of marital status on the level of childlessness was also confirmed. The GChR of single women was at least 10 times higher than the value for ever married women. The GChR ranged from 96% to 89% for single women and invariably slightly above 8% for ever married women. The results of direct standardization showed the greater importance of the changes that occurred between 1991 and 2011 by education and marital status of women aged 15-49 on the childlessness level, as well as their completely opposite effects compared to those caused by the change in the age structure. The large impact of changes in marital structure also indicates the possibility of a certain influence on reducing childlessness in Serbia. As the decreasein marriage is not accompanied by a higher prevalence of stable extramarital unions, it?s possible that the creation of more favourable circumstances for an independent life for young people and for forming a union could contribute to reducing the postponement of childbearing, and thus reducing childlessness during and at the end of the reproductive age. This is especially important considering that family and children are highly valued in Serbia. It should be noted that the high and growing shares of women without children in the 30-34 and 35-39 age groups limit the possibilities of reducing permanent childlessness, particularly in the near future.

scholarly journals COMP-02. MINING-GUIDED MACHINE LEARNING ANALYSES SUPPORTS GRASPING THE LATEST TRENDS ON NEURO-ONCOLOGY

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (Supplement_6) ◽  
pp. vi61-vi61
Author(s):  
Taijun Hana ◽  
Shota Tanaka ◽  
Takahide Nejo ◽  
Yosuke Kitagawa ◽  
Satoshi Takahashi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Linear Prediction ◽  
Research Field ◽  
Future Trends ◽  
Research Fields ◽  
The Future ◽  
Versatile Tool ◽  
Recent Trends ◽  
Novel Concept ◽  
The Impact

Abstract The systems that can objectively predict the future trends of a particular research field are always anticipated while conducting medical research. Such systems also provide a considerable aid to researchers while determining and acquiring appropriate research budgets. This study intended to establish a novel and versatile algorithm that can predict the latest trends in neuro-oncology. Seventy-nine neuro-oncological research fields were selected using computational sorting methods, such as text-mining analyses, along with 30 journals that represent the recent trends in the neuro-oncology field. Further, the annual impact (AI) for each year with respect to each journal and field (number of articles published in the journal × the impact factor of the journal) was calculated as a novel concept. Subsequently, the AI index (AII) for the year was defined as the sum of the AIs for the aforementioned 30 journals. With respect to the aforementioned neuro-oncological research fields, the AII trends from 2008 to 2017 were subjected to machine learning predicting analyses. The prediction accuracy of the latest trends in neuro-oncology was validated using actual data obtained from previous studies. In particular, the linear prediction model achieved a relatively good accuracy. The most notable and latest predicted fields in neuro-oncology included some interesting emerging fields, such as microenvironment and anti-mitosis, as well as the already renowned fields, such as immunology and epigenetics. Furthermore, we retrospectively attempted an analysis of the fields different from neuro-oncology. Interestingly, as of 2008, the future emergence of the CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing system has been predicted using this system. Overall, the presented algorithm displays potential to be an effective and versatile tool for the prediction of future trends in a particular medical field.

scholarly journals The future of the EU in the context of scenarios for its development by 2025

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (11) ◽  
pp. 60-70
Author(s):  
O. М. Rudik
Keyword(s):  
European Commission ◽  
Future Development ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
White Paper ◽  
Single Market ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Eu

The article researches the scenarios for the future development of the EU by 2025 proposed by the European Commission. The white paper on the future of EU looks at how Europe will change in the next decade, from the impact of new technologies on society and jobs, to doubts about globalization, security concerns and the rise of populism. The European Commission emphasizes that the Europe’s role as a positive global force is more important today than ever. However, under the pressure of global competition the United Europe’s place in the world and its economic weight are shrinking, which is a solid foundation for preserving the unity of the Union for the sake of achieving greater. On the contrary, the most desirable scenario, as can be seen from the speech by the President of the European Commission, is to give the European Union a greater amount of power, resources and decision-making powers. As a result, cooperation between the EU-27 Member States will deepen in all areas than ever before. The White Paper outlines ve main scenarios («Carrying on», «Nothing but the single market», «Those who want more do more», «Doing less more e ciently», «Doing much more together»), each of them provides an opportunity to look at the possible state of a airs in the Union by 2025, depending on the choice that the EU will make by 2019. In the opinion of Jean-Claude Juncker, the most negative scenario of the EU development, and therefore extremely undesirable, is to bring its goals to purely economic, focusing the Union’s activities on the development of a single internal market and ensuring its uninterrupted functioning («Nothing but the single market» scenario). Based on data from the European Commission the author shows and brie y describes the key advantages and disadvantages of each of the scenarios. The common features of these scenarios are outlined: rst, they all come from the fact that the United Kingdom withdraws from the EU; secondly, none of them doubts the need to preserve the euro as common currency and the Schengen zone, thirdly, neither the scenarios refers to further EU enlargement. Since none of the proposed scenarios provides for the complete disintegration of the EU, that is, the disappearance of it as a geopolitical actor, it is concluded that in the strategic perspective all the outlined models of the EU’s future development suit Ukraine. Moreover, the steps recently proposed by the President of Ukraine and the European Parliament for deepening the economic integration of Ukraine with the EU and its association with the Schengen area also does not contradict any of the scenarios.

Potential Effects of Melatonin on the Development of Uterine Fibroids in Women of Reproductive Age (Review of Literature)

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 45-50
Author(s):  
B. V. Sokolov ◽  
◽  
O. M. Yuzko
Keyword(s):  
Uterine Leiomyoma ◽  
Reproductive Potential ◽  
Uterine Fibroids ◽  
Current Data ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Women Of Reproductive Age ◽  
Foreign Literature ◽  
New Approaches ◽  
Long Time ◽  
The Impact

For a long time, Ukraine has been showing negative dynamics between birth and death rates. The demographic situation in any country is an important indicator. Therefore, the issue of women's health and ability to reproduce is significant and urgent. The purpose of the study was to analyze current data from domestic and foreign literature on provoking factors, etiology and pathogenesis of uterine fibroids, new approaches to treatment and the impact of this pathology on a woman's reproductive potential. Hyperplastic processes of the uterus in women of reproductive age are among the most common gynecological diseases. Uterine leiomyoma is the most common benign proliferative pathology. The presence of uterine leiomyoma leads to disorders of women's reproductive health, is one of the causes of infertility, in addition, significantly affects the quality of life of the patient due to constant pain, excessive uterine bleeding, dysfunction of adjacent organs. Many studies confirm the unfavorable course of pregnancy and the postpartum period in women with fibroids, namely: complicated pregnancy, reproductive losses, birth defects and postpartum complications. Despite the intensive work of scientists, the implementation of a large number of studies, the pathogenesis to this day remains multifaceted and poorly understood. Results and discussion. After analyzing current data from domestic and foreign literature on provoking factors, etiology and pathogenesis of uterine fibroids, the review article presents data on current opportunities, new approaches to treatment and the impact of this pathology on a woman's reproductive potential. For a long time, the pineal gland with the hormone melatonin has not been studied. During the scientific research, the review of the current domestic and foreign literature on the potential inhibitory effect of melatonin on uterine fibroid cells, and the direct and indirect effect on fertility was reviewed and analyzed. As a result of analysis of experimental and clinical data presented in the literature, it can be argued that melatonin has the ability not only to regulate biological rhythms, but also that it is promising to study metabolic and immunomodulatory effects, as well as antitumor effects, which gives us a chance to reduce surgery of this group of patients. Conclusion. The information presented in the review suggests that melatonin has the potential as a therapeutic agent for clinical trials against uterine leiomyoma in women of reproductive age. Therefore, there is a need to study deeply the etiopathogenesis of uterine leiomyoma and in particular the effect of melatonin on growth, reduction of surgical interventions, the impact on the pre- and postoperative period, and to determine melatonin as a therapeutic drug

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document