scholarly journals Improving Retailer Compliance for Tobacco Purchases: Pilot Study Findings

2021 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 576-587
Author(s):  
Tengjiao Chen ◽  
Shivaani Prakash ◽  
Adam Zion ◽  
Jonah Joselow ◽  
Saul Shiffman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Control Strategy ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Failure Rates ◽  
Tobacco Products ◽  
Audit Failure ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Access Controls ◽  
Retail Chains ◽  
Age Verification ◽  
Retail Access

Objectives: Those underage should not use tobacco products, including electronic nicotine delivery systems. A technologically-based solution developed by Juul Labs Inc to restrict underage access seeks to automate transactions, structurally mandate age-verification, and limit the quantity of JUUL products purchased per transaction. A pilot of this standards-based approach, referred to as RACS™ (Retail Access Control Standards), was conducted to assess efficacy. Methods: RACS was implemented at 171 stores within 3 retail chains selling tobacco products in 3 states. "Secret shopper" compliance audits, in which a mystery shopper attempted to purchase JUUL products, were conducted at participating stores before and after implementation of RACS, to test compliance with age-verification and product-quantity limits. Audit failure rates were compared pre- and post-RACS implementation to assess effectiveness. Comparisons were made overall, by chain, state, and failure type. Results: A total of 3990 audits were conducted. We found large, statistically significant reductions (p < .001) in failure rates for age-verification and compliance with product-quantity limits after implementing RACS, as compared to pre-RACS rates, declining to near zero. Conclusions: Utilizing enhanced access controls can be part of a comprehensive, evidence-based tobacco-control strategy to address underage use of all tobacco products, including JUUL.

How is Age Verification Being Used to Reduce Youth Online Access to Electronic Tobacco Products?

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francisco L. Sotelo ◽  
Anne Zhou ◽  
Loretta Hsueh ◽  
Elizabeth A. Klonoff
Keyword(s):  
Tobacco Products ◽  
Online Access ◽  
Age Verification

scholarly journals Discrepancies in reported versus measured nicotine content of e-cigarette refill liquids across nine European countries before and after the implementation of the EU Tobacco Products Directive

2019 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 1900941 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charis Girvalaki ◽  
Manolis Tzatzarakis ◽  
Alexander Vardavas ◽  
Christina N. Kyriakos ◽  
Katerina Nikitara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
European Countries ◽  
Tobacco Products ◽  
Nicotine Content ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Eu

scholarly journals Introduction of standardised packaging and availability of illicit cigarettes: a difference-in-difference analysis of European Union survey data 2015–2018

Thorax ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 76 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony A Laverty ◽  
Christopher Millett ◽  
Nicholas S Hopkinson ◽  
Filippos T Filippidis
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Survey Data ◽  
Tobacco Industry ◽  
Difference In Difference ◽  
Tobacco Products ◽  
Difference Analysis ◽  
Illicit Trade ◽  
European Union Countries ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Uk

Standardised packaging of tobacco products is intended to reduce the appeal of smoking, but the tobacco industry claims this increases illicit trade. We examined the percentage of people reporting being offered illicit cigarettes before and after full implementation of standardised packaging in the UK, Ireland and France and compared this to other European Union countries. Reported ever illicit cigarette exposure fell from 19.8% to 18.1% between 2015 and 2018 in the three countries fully implementing the policy, and from 19.6% to 17.0% in control countries (p for difference=0.320). Standardised packaging does not appear to increase the availability of illicit cigarettes.

scholarly journals Difference between recommended retail price and sales price for tobacco products in independent and convenience (small) retailers before and after the introduction of standardised tobacco packaging in the UK

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 449-456 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathan Critchlow ◽  
Martine Stead ◽  
Crawford Moodie ◽  
Kathryn Angus ◽  
Douglas Eadie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Retail Price ◽  
Price Sensitivity ◽  
Brand Positioning ◽  
Average Difference ◽  
Product Positioning ◽  
Tobacco Products ◽  
Sales Price ◽  
Point Of Sale ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Uk

AimRecommended retail price (RRP) is a marketing strategy used by tobacco companies to maintain competitiveness, communicate product positioning and drive sales. We explored small retailer adherence to RRP before and after the introduction of the Standardised Packaging of Tobacco Products Regulations in the UK (fully implemented on 20 May 2017) which mandated standardised packaging of cigarettes and rolling tobacco, set minimum pack/pouch sizes and prohibited price-marking.MethodMonthly electronic point of sale data from 500 small retailers in England, Scotland and Wales were analysed. From May 2016 to October 2017, we monitored 20 of the best-selling fully branded tobacco products (15 factory-made cigarettes, 5 rolling tobacco) and their standardised equivalents. Adherence to RRP was measured as the average difference (%) between monthly RRPs and sales prices by pack type (fully branded vs standardised), price-marking on packaging and price segment.ResultsThe average difference between RRP and sales price increased from +0.36% above RRP (SD=0.72) in May 2016, when only fully branded packs were sold, to +1.37% in October 2017 (SD=0.30), when standardised packs were mandatory. Increases above RRP for fully branded packs increased as they were phased out, with deviation greater for non-price-marked packs and premium products.DiscussionDespite tobacco companies emphasising the importance of RRP, small retailers implemented small increases above RRP as standardised packaging was introduced. Consequently, any intended price changes by tobacco companies in response to the legislation (ie, to increase affordability or brand positioning) may be confounded by retailer behaviour, and such deviation may increase consumer price sensitivity.

scholarly journals Evidence-based practice of stereotactic radiosurgery: Outcomes from an educational course for neurosurgery and radiation oncology residents

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 77
Author(s):  
Swathi Chidambaram ◽  
Sergio W. Guadix ◽  
John Kwon ◽  
Justin Tang ◽  
Amanda Rivera ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Stereotactic Radiosurgery ◽  
Radiation Oncology ◽  
Evidence Based Practice ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Comfort Level ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Senior Faculty ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
Before And After

Background: As the field of brain and spine stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) continues to grow, so will the need for a comprehensive evidence base. However, it is unclear to what degree trainees feel properly equipped to use SRS. We assess the perceptions and comfort level reported by neurosurgery and radiation oncology residents concerning the evidence-based practice of SRS. Methods: A continuing medical education (CME) course provided peer-reviewed updates regarding treatment with intracranial and spinal SRS. Presentations were given by neurosurgery and radiation oncology residents with mentorship by senior faculty. To gauge perceptions regarding SRS, attendees were surveyed. Responses before and after the course were analyzed using the Fisher’s exact test in R statistical software. Results: Participants reported the greatest knowledge improvements concerning data registries (P < 0.001) and clinical trials (P = 0.026). About 82% of all (n = 17) radiation oncology and neurosurgery residents either agreed or strongly agreed that a brain and spine SRS rotation would be beneficial in their training. However, only 47% agreed or strongly agreed that one was currently part of their training. In addition, knowledge gains in SRS indications (P = 0.084) and ability to seek collaboration with colleagues (P = 0.084) showed notable trends. Conclusion: There are clear knowledge gaps shared by potential future practitioners of SRS. Specifically, knowledge regarding SRS data registries, indications, and clinical trials offer potential areas for increased educational focus. Furthermore, the gap between enthusiasm for increased SRS training and the current availability of such training at medical institutions must be addressed.

scholarly journals Manejo da dor em punção venosa pediátrica: um pacote de medidas

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (33) ◽  
pp. 157-168
Author(s):  
Larissa Grispan e Silva Guimarães ◽  
Natália Shinkai Binotto ◽  
Stela Faccioli Ederli ◽  
Mauren Teresa Grubisich Mendes Tacla
Keyword(s):  
Pain Management ◽  
Patient Care ◽  
Nursing Staff ◽  
Professional Growth ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Care Bundle ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Topical Anesthetic ◽  
Care Research ◽  
Before And After

Apresentar o processo de elaboração de um pacote de medidas para manejo da dor de crianças submetidas à punção venosa pela equipe de enfermagem. Pesquisa Convergente Assistencial, do tipo antes e após intervenção, realizada com a equipe de enfermagem de uma unidade pediátrica do sul do Brasil. Elaboração de pacote de medidas com seis estratégias selecionadas pela equipe de enfermagem a serem utilizadas antes e durante a punção venosa: preparo da criança e/ou acompanhante, posicionamento da criança, distração, amamentação, solução adocicada associada ou não à sucção não nutritiva e anestésico tópico. Os participantes manifestaram satisfação quanto ao modo de elaboração do mesmo, destacando a contribuição deste para seu crescimento profissional. O pacote de medidas otimizou a adoção das estratégias para manejo da dor. A Pesquisa Convergente Assistencial alicerçada na prática baseada em evidências mostrou-se adequada, visto que propiciou a aplicação de achados científicos no cenário assistencial considerando suas particularidades.Descritores: Manejo da Dor, Criança, Cateterismo Periférico, Enfermagem Baseada em Evidências. Management of pediatric venipuncture pain: a package of measuresAbstract: To present the process of elaboration of a patient care package for pain management in children undergoing venipuncture by the nursing staff. Convergent Care Research, before and after intervention, conducted with the nursing staff of a southern pediatric unit in Brazil. Patient care packege with six strategies, selected by the nursing staff, to be used before and during venipuncture: preparation of the child and/or companion, child positioning, distraction, breastfeeding, sweet-tasting solution with or without non-nutritive suction and topical anesthetic usage. The package of measures optimized the adoption of pain management strategies, highlighting its contribution to their professional growth. The patient care bundle optimized the adoption of strategies for pain management. The Convergent Care Research grounded in evidence-based practice showed appropriate, since it allowed the application of scientific findings in the care setting, considering its peculiarities.Descriptors: Pain Management, Child, Catheterization, Peripheral, Evidence-Based Nursing. Manejo del dolor de la venopunción pediátrica: un paquete de medidasResumen: Presentar el proceso de elaboración de un paquete de medidas para manejo del dolor de niños sometidos a la venopunción por el equipo de enfermería. Investigación Convergente Asistencial, del tipo antes y después de la intervención, realizada con el equipo de enfermería de una unidad pediátrica en el sur de Brasil. Paquete de medidas con seis estrategias seleccionadas por el equipo de enfermería que deben ser utilizadas antes y durante la venopunción: preparación del niño y/o acompañante, posicionamiento del niño, distracción, amamantamiento, solución dulce asociada o no a succión no nutritiva y anestésica tópica. Los participantes manifestaron satisfacción en cuanto al modo de elaboración del mismo, destacando la contribución de este para su crecimiento profesional. El paquete de medidas optimizó la adopción de estrategias para manejo del dolor. La Investigación Convergente Asistencial cimentada en la práctica basada en evidencias se mostró adecuada, visto que propició la aplicación de hallazgos científicos en el escenario asistencial considerando sus particularidades.Descriptores: Manejo del Dolor, Niño, Cateterismo Periférico, Enfermería Basada en la Evidencia.

scholarly journals A mixed methods study on the readiness of dental, medical, and nursing students for interprofessional learning

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (7) ◽  
pp. e0255086
Author(s):  
Mitsuyuki Numasawa ◽  
Nobutoshi Nawa ◽  
Yu Funakoshi ◽  
Kanako Noritake ◽  
Jun Tsuruta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Methods ◽  
Nursing Students ◽  
Interprofessional Education ◽  
Japanese Version ◽  
Dental Students ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Interprofessional Learning ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Explanatory Sequential Design ◽  
Tokyo Medical

Background Interprofessional education (IPE) is crucial in dentistry, medicine, and nursing. However, scant mixed methods studies have compared the IPE outcomes across these disciplines to develop evidence-based IPE. This study explored the differences in the readiness of dental, medical, and nursing students for interprofessional learning before and after IPE workshops and elucidated reasons for this disparity. Methods Data were obtained from dental, medical, and nursing students who participated in IPE workshops conducted at Tokyo Medical and Dental University in Japan in 2019 and 2020. The participants filled the validated Japanese version of the Readiness for Interprofessional Learning Scale (RIPLS) before and after attending the workshops (n = 378). Paired t-tests were performed to assess differences between the pre- and post- workshop RIPLS scores. Welch’s t-tests were deployed to evaluate interdisciplinary differences in their scores. Qualitative analyses were conducted using an explanatory sequential design with focus group discussions (FGDs) held with 17 dental students to explain the quantitative results. Results Total RIPLS scores increased significantly for every discipline after the workshops (p < 0.001). Dental students scored significantly lower pre- and post- workshop aggregates than medical and nursing students, respectively (p < 0.001). The FGDs yielded three principal themes in the explanations tendered by dental students on their lower scores: 1) dental students rarely felt the need for interprofessional collaborations, 2) dentists often worked without the need for interprofessional collaborations, and 3) dental students believed their contribution to the workshop was insufficient. Conclusions The results revealed divergences in the readiness of dental, medical, and nursing students for interprofessional learning, and the study illuminated possible reasons for these disparities. These outcomes will help develop evidence-based IPE by indicating approaches to place a higher value on interprofessional collaborations in educational environments, ameliorate the awareness of educators, and enhance the workshop facilitation style.

scholarly journals Peripheral Intravenous Cannula Usage in the Emergency Department

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam K Stanley ◽  
Ashton Barnett-Vanes ◽  
Matthew J Reed
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Emergency Department ◽  
Regional Variation ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Failure Rates ◽  
Intravenous Cannula ◽  
Hospitalised Patients ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Evidence Based Guidelines

Over a billion Peripheral Intra-Venous Cannulas (PIVC) are used globally every year with at least 25 million sold annually in the UK.1,2 The NHS spends an estimated £29m of its annual acute sector budget on PIVC procurement3 and around 70% of all hospitalised patients require at least one PIVC during their stay.4 Despite their extensive and routine use, PIVC failure rates are reported as high as 50-69%.5-7 In addition, many PIVCs remain unused following insertion, particularly in the Emergency Department (ED).8,9 The risk factors for PIVC failure are not well understood and the literature has found extensive regional variation in practice when it comes to PIVC insertion and management.1,7,10 While various technologies have been developed to address these issues, there remains a need for standardised, evidence-based guidelines.

scholarly journals PENERAPAN PRAKTIK KEPERAWATAN BERBASIS BUKTI PURSED LIP BREATHING PADA PASIEN DENGAN PENYAKIT PARU OBSTRUKTIF KRONIK DI RUANG RSU PUSAT PERSAHABATAN JAKARTA

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Seven Sitorus
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Care ◽  
Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Significant Influence ◽  
Exercise Tolerance ◽  
P Value ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Copd Exacerbation ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Evidence Based Nursing

Background: Chronic Obstruction Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is disease characterized by obstruction air flow in the breath not wholly reversible. One treatment can be done on improving exercise tolerance is exercise respiration as pursed lip breathing ( PLB ). Purse lip breathing is a techniques of breathing carried out to expelling air by creating power through  in move closer /pursed lips. Purpose: provide an illustration of the application of the practice of evidence based nursing of pursed lip breathing in patients COPD in RSUP Persahabatan Jakarta. Method:  the implementation of the practice of evidence based nursing pursed lip breathing is applied to 12 people sample ( 10 men and 2 women ) diagnosed with COPD exacerbation. Result: the majority of sex respondents is man as many as 10 ( 83,3 % ) persons and women as many as 2 ( 16,7 % ) a person .mean the age of respondents is 61,5 years ± 10.4 .mean the value of PEF ( Peak Expiratory Flow ), the value of the saturation oxygen , the value of respiratori rate before the intervention in a consecutive manner is 131.6 ±  44.6; 92.1 ± 2.44; 31.5 ±  2 . While value after the intervention is 175.0 ±  60.0; 97,1 ± 1.6; 22,6 ± 1.7 with P value = 0.001, α = 0.05. Conclusions: there are significant influence the application of pursed lip breathing between before and after the intervention in patients COPD. Advice: Intervention evidence based nursing can be applied to all patients COPD so reached the quality of care of nursing based on research

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