scholarly journals Loneliness and its Predictors in Lithuania and the European Context

2021 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gražina Rapolienė ◽  
Vaida Tretjakova
Keyword(s):  
Negative Impact ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression ◽  
Subjective Health ◽  
European Social Survey ◽  
International Studies ◽  
European Context ◽  
Financial Difficulties ◽  
History Of

Loneliness as a subjective consequence of social exclusion has a negative impact on both individual and public health, and impedes societal development. Even though Lithuania has one of the highest rates of loneliness among EU countries, it has not been closely studied. This paper presents for the first time the analysis of the prevalence and factors of loneliness in Lithuania, covering all age groups, and provides the European context. Data from the European Social Survey 7th Wave (2014) were analysed using binary logistic regression. Contrary to our expectations, (older) age is not a predictor of loneliness in Lithuania. Lonely people are more likely to be of other nationality than the majority and the main minorities (i.e. not Lithuanian, Russian or Polish); are less likely to live with a spouse or partner, but more likely to live with children in the same household; more often experience serious financial difficulties; have a history of financial instability in their childhood; tend to have poor subjective health. Not having a partner/spouse and lower economic status are well known risk factors of loneliness from previous international studies. In the context of European countries, the share of lonely people in Lithuania is about average and living without a spouse/partner is a common characteristic of loneliness across all countries. However, other factors of loneliness, such as financial difficulties (current and during childhood), living with children in the same household and poor subjective health appear to be more pronounced in Lithuania.

scholarly journals The Contribution of Prof. M.N. Gernet to the Development of Legal Science

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 519-529
Author(s):  
Andrii Lutskyi ◽  
Myroslav Lutskyi ◽  
Boris Kindyuk
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Criminal Law ◽  
Capital Punishment ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Personal Characteristics ◽  
Security Measures ◽  
Legal Science ◽  
History Of ◽  
Causes Of Crime

The paper presents the biography and systematizes the research of a well-known Russian scholar Prof. M.N. Gernet. The authors single out different spheres of his work: 1) the theory and history of criminal law, including the theory of crime as a social phenomenon, the qualification of criminals and crimes, the concept of criminal law, types of punishment used in different countries as well as social security measures in the form of the penitentiary system, organization of inmates’ labor, their re-socialization; 2) criminal law sociology, including the research of the dependence of the number of crimes on the economic conditions, such as the average salary, housing utility payments, size of dwelling, price of bread and other basic necessities; 3) criminal law statistics whose methods M.N. Gernet actively used, such as survey, questionnaires, observation, experiment, ranging (structuring); thanks to the crime and criminal personality research offices that he organized in different cities of the Soviet Union it was possible to collect data and to systematize it by the causes of crime, types of crimes, personal characteristics of some criminals (gender, age, education, marital status); 4) problems of juvenile delinquency analyzed by scholars using data on age groups of delinquents, which allowed to show the positive effect of the reduction of punishment depending on age, the hearing of cases by the Commission on Minors’ Affairs and a wide use of medical and pedagogical measures; 5) the history of using capital punishment, including a historical overview of using this type of punishment, which gave the scholar an opportunity to show that this measure does not affect the total number of crimes and has a negative impact on the psychological atmosphere in the society manifested through an increased number of civil disobediences and violent crimes; 6) crimes of Hitler’s army against humanity, which M.N. Gernet studied by collecting data on the number of war crimes against civilians, prisoners of war, hostages, analysis of mass shootings and the destruction of cities, villages, cultural monuments and other valuable objects; 7) biographies of legal scholars, including the information that M.N. Gernet collected on the work and contributions to the legal science of such famous lawyers as A.F. Konin, N.S. Tagantsev, V.K. Sluchevsky, I.Ya. Foinitsky, P.I. Lyublinsky, paying special attention to the monographs and textbooks that they wrote.

scholarly journals Difficulties in Getting to Sleep and their Association with Emotional and Behavioural Problems in Adolescents: Does the Sleeping Duration Influence this Association?

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (5) ◽  
pp. 1691 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michaela Kosticova ◽  
Daniela Husarova ◽  
Zuzana Dankulincova
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Duration ◽  
Sleep Problems ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression ◽  
International Classification Of Diseases ◽  
Behavioural Problems ◽  
Emotional And Behavioural Problems ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
And Gender

Sleep problems are common in adolescence with a negative impact on the mental health and functioning of adolescents. However, the roles of different sleep problems in relation to emotional and behavioural problems (EBPs), classified according to the 10th version of the International Classification of Diseases as emotional, conduct, hyperactivity and social functioning disorders, are not clear. The first aim of the study was to investigate the association between difficulties in getting to sleep and EBPs in adolescents. The second aim was to explore the role of sleep duration in this association. We used data from the Health Behaviour in School-aged Children (HBSC) study conducted in 2018 in Slovakia. Presented are results for specific age groups of 13-year-old (N = 1909) and 15-year-old (N = 1293) adolescents. Subjective measures of sleep variables were used. Binary logistic regression models adjusted for age and gender were used to assess associations between difficulties in getting to sleep, sleep duration and EBPs measured using the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire. Modification of the association between difficulties in getting to sleep and EBPs by sleep duration was also explored. We found that difficulties in getting to sleep at least once a week as well as insufficient sleep (less than 8 h) increased the probability of EBPs. Interactions of sleep duration with difficulties in getting to sleep on EBPs were found to be non-significant. The results suggest that caregivers and clinicians should screen and intervene for both sleep quality and quantity problems in adolescents as they might indicate and promote EBPs.

scholarly journals The issue of social inequality in terms of health: a comparative study of Russia within the European context

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 139-161
Author(s):  
Nina L. Rusinova ◽  
Viacheslav V. Safronov
Keyword(s):  
Social Inequality ◽  
Relative Deprivation ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Good Health ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
European Social Survey ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Vulnerable Groups ◽  
Age Related

This article examines the issue of social inequality in terms of health, while citing the main results of an empirical study on the matter, which have been attained by means of analyzing data from the European social survey (ESS) for a few dozen countries, including Russia, together with statistical information on the state of their economy and welfare, utilizing a two-level linear and logistic modeling method. In different parts of Europe indexes of general wellbeing and the risk of developing depression differ quite drastically – in Russia, as is the case with most other relatively underdeveloped nations, the population’s health is markedly worse than in the most of the highly developed social democracies. These indexes significantly differ within the country as well – among people who occupy unequal positions within demographical and social structures. A natural discrepancy in health between elder and younger age groups is especially pronounced in underdeveloped countries, while in nations with a high level of prosperity and state social guarantees these age-related discrepancies are more or less evened out. Social capital and an individual’s mental strength play a crucial role in maintaining good health. Possessing psychosocial resources is beneficial to the health of those belonging to any given social stratum. However, in developed European countries this is mostly beneficial to the more vulnerable groups of lower social status. In developed European countries the health of said groups is negatively affected in no small part due to them experiencing relative deprivation, and the stress of social comparison to the prosperous majority. So this is not only due to a shortage of material resources or their limited access to high-quality medical services, as is the case in Russia and in underdeveloped European states. In well developed countries individual reserves and social bonds are especially important for the lower strata, in order for them to successfully overcome the negative impact of such strain on their health.

scholarly journals The Ghawa Syndrome in Kuwaiti-Arabic Verbs

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 1298-1312
Author(s):  
Hanan A. Taqi
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Picture Naming ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Arabian Gulf ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Linguistic Feature ◽  
History Of ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Number Of Males ◽  
Linguistic Phenomenon

The “Ghawa Syndrome” is a well-known linguistic phenomenon in the Arabian Gulf. In this phenomenon, the first open syllabus of a word is re-syllabified. The current study investigates the occurrence of this linguistic feature in Kuwaiti verbs within the variation of accents in the speech of two ethnic groups (Najdis and Ajamis) and three generations. The ethnicity factor was believed to play a major role in the linguistic feature under investigation due to their varying social and economic status. 48 Kuwaiti individuals represented the two investigated ethnicities and three age groups (chosen according to relevant milestones in the history of Kuwait), and with an equal number of males and females participating in data collection. Three different techniques of data collection were utilized (picture-naming, map task, interview & questionnaires). The results reflected an increase in the use of the Ghawa Syndrome across generations in the Ajami group, while the Najdi dialect was rather stable. This linguistic familiarity seems to affect the two ethnicities, bringing them closer to each other.

scholarly journals Uptake of Misoprostol among women seeking abortion in Accra, Ghana

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eugene Kofuor Maafo Darteh
Keyword(s):  
Multivariate Analysis ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Previous History ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression ◽  
Over The Counter ◽  
Lower Odds ◽  
Never Married ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Education Of Women ◽  
History Of

Abstract Background: Unsafe abortions remain one of the key contributors to maternal mortality. The WHO has recommended misoprostol as a safe abortifacient which has become a popular over the counter self-administered abortifacient in Ghana. This study sought to examine the prevalence of misoprostol uptake and model the factors associated with its uptake among 698 women seeking abortion services in the Accra Metropolis. Methods : Univariate and multivariate analysis were done. The multivariate analysis was done using binary logistic regression to model the factors associated with misoprostol uptake and results are presented as adjusted odds ratios (AORs) with their 95% confidence intervals (CIs). P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.Results : The results showed that the prevalence of misoprostol uptake was 20.8%. The regression analysis showed that women aged 25-34 had 0.60 lower odds of using misoprostol compared with those aged 15-24 years [OR=0.60, CI=0.38-0.94]. Those who can save some money had higher odds [OR=2.31, CI=1.03-5.16] of using misoprostol compared with those who often do not have sufficient food. Those who were cohabiting/separated had higher odds [OR=1.83, CI=1.09-3.06] of using misoprostol compared to those who were never married. Those who had 1 [OR=0.26, CI=0.14-0.46] and 2 or more [OR=0.23, CI=0.07-0.76] had lower odds of using misoprostol compared to those who have never had a miscarriage. Conclusion : The prevalence of misoprostol uptake among women seeking abortion services in Accra Metropolis is relatively high. Age, socio-economic status, marital status and previous history of miscarriage are associated with misoprostol uptake. Although proven effective by various studies and recommended by the WHO, it is imperative to consider these factors in the education of women on the use of misoprostol as well as designing programmes to target women who are inclined to induce abortion in Ghana.

scholarly journals Incidence of negative appendicectomy, our experience of 100 patients at Sir Ganga Ram Hospital Lahore

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Aslam ◽  
Ayesha Shaukat ◽  
Farid Zafar ◽  
Amir Riaz Bhutta ◽  
Aftab A Choudhri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Appendicitis ◽  
Clinical Examination ◽  
Scoring System ◽  
Iliac Fossa ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
International Studies ◽  
Alvarado Score ◽  
History Of ◽  
Negative Appendicectomy ◽  
Modified Alvarado Score

Background: Despite recent advances in diagnostic medicine, the diagnosis of Acute Appendicitis is still doubtful in a number of cases. Majority of the Clinicians rely on their clinical examination, strengthened by the laboratory tests. This study was done to see the incidence of negative appendicectomy in Patients, who presented in surgical emergency with pain in Rt. Iliac fossa. These patients were assessed and evaluated by clinical examination as well as with the help of Modified Alvarado Scoring system and surgery was decided accordingly. Aims and Objective: To see the incidence of Negative appendicectomies at Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, Lahore and comparing the rate with the rate of other international Studies. Study Design: It was a prospective clinical and Pathological study, consisting of 100 patients, presenting in the Sir Ganga Ram Hospital Lahore, with history of right iliac fossa pain. Material and Method: One hundred patients were included in the study, and diagnosis of acute appendicitis was bas ed on Clinical Examination and Modified Alvarado Score. The patients selected for this study were of all age groups and both sexes. Out of hundred, 56 patients were operated after being assessed by clinical Examination and Modified Alvarado Scoring System. Results: The incidence of negative appendicitis was about 7% in male, 20% in female and about-10% in children. Conclusion: Over all the rate of negative appendicectomies was 15%, which is with in lower limit of the other international studies.

Ancient Revolutions in the Literature of Polish Romanticism

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 207-226
Author(s):  
Maciej Junkiert
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Classical Tradition ◽  
French Revolution ◽  
European Context ◽  
History Of ◽  
Classical Traditions ◽  
The French Revolution ◽  
Literary Reception

This article aims to examine the Polish literary reception of the French Revolution during the period of Romanticism. Its main focus is on how Polish writers displaced their more immediate experiences of revolutionary events onto a backdrop of ‘ancient revolutions’, in which revolution was described indirectly by drawing on classical traditions, particularly the history of ancient Greeks and Romans. As this classical tradition was mediated by key works of German and French thinkers, this European context is crucial for understanding the literary strategies adopted by Polish authors. Three main approaches are visible in the Polish reception, and I will illustrate them using the works of Zygmunt Krasiński (1812–1859), Juliusz Słowacki (1809–1849) and Cyprian Norwid (1821–1883). My comparative study will be restricted to four works: Krasiński's Irydion and Przedświt (Predawn), Słowacki's Agezylausz (Agesilaus) and Norwid's Quidam.

Examining the entry of Walmart into South Africa: A stakeholder management perspective

2019 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 78-89
Author(s):  
Tembinkosi Bonakele ◽  
Dave Beaty ◽  
Fathima Rasool ◽  
Drikus Kriek
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Trade Unions ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Stakeholder Management ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
Key Stakeholders ◽  
Management Perspective ◽  
Labour Standards ◽  
History Of ◽  
Primary Focus

The recent entry of the US multinational Walmart into South Africa has proved to be a source of controversy. Key stakeholders in South Africa objected to the merger and attempted to block it unless certain conditions were met. The aim of this study was to examine the controversy and the conditions surrounding the merger. The research employed a qualitative archival analysis to examine publicly available sources of information with regard to the merger. The findings revealed key stakeholders’ concerns that Walmart’s entry would lead to an increase in imports which would displace local producers, increase unemployment, marginalise trade unions and lower labour standards unless certain conditions were met. The results also revealed problems relating to the firm’s primary focus on “business” while neglecting “public interest” issues, naively relying on their “local retailer” to manage key stakeholders, and assuming that their perceived controversial reputation regarding treatment of trade unions and their views about unemployment as well as the controversies surrounding their history of entry into other global markets would not have the major negative impact it did on stakeholders in South Africa.

Disability and Work in South Asia and the United Kingdom

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jane Buckingham
Keyword(s):  
Low Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Low Socioeconomic ◽  
Disability History ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Indian Experience ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of ◽  
Western View

Historical analyses, as well as more contemporary examples of disability and work, show that the experience of disability is always culturally and historically mediated, but that class—in the sense of economic status—plays a major role in the way impairment is experienced as disabling. Although there is little published on disability history in India, the history of the Indian experience of caste disability demonstrates the centrality of work in the social and economic expression of stigma and marginalization. An Indian perspective supports the challenge to the dominant Western view that modern concepts of disability have their origins in the Industrial Revolution. Linkage between disability, incapacity to work, and low socioeconomic status are evident in India, which did not undergo the workplace changes associated with industrialization in the West.

scholarly journals Predicting COVID-19 mortality with electronic medical records

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hossein Estiri ◽  
Zachary H. Strasser ◽  
Jeffy G. Klann ◽  
Pourandokht Naseri ◽  
Kavishwar B. Wagholikar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Medical Information ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Prognostic Models ◽  
Smoking History ◽  
Risk Scores ◽  
Gradient Boosting ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Clinical Expertise ◽  
History Of

AbstractThis study aims to predict death after COVID-19 using only the past medical information routinely collected in electronic health records (EHRs) and to understand the differences in risk factors across age groups. Combining computational methods and clinical expertise, we curated clusters that represent 46 clinical conditions as potential risk factors for death after a COVID-19 infection. We trained age-stratified generalized linear models (GLMs) with component-wise gradient boosting to predict the probability of death based on what we know from the patients before they contracted the virus. Despite only relying on previously documented demographics and comorbidities, our models demonstrated similar performance to other prognostic models that require an assortment of symptoms, laboratory values, and images at the time of diagnosis or during the course of the illness. In general, we found age as the most important predictor of mortality in COVID-19 patients. A history of pneumonia, which is rarely asked in typical epidemiology studies, was one of the most important risk factors for predicting COVID-19 mortality. A history of diabetes with complications and cancer (breast and prostate) were notable risk factors for patients between the ages of 45 and 65 years. In patients aged 65–85 years, diseases that affect the pulmonary system, including interstitial lung disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, lung cancer, and a smoking history, were important for predicting mortality. The ability to compute precise individual-level risk scores exclusively based on the EHR is crucial for effectively allocating and distributing resources, such as prioritizing vaccination among the general population.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document